Indian Evidence Act, 1872 · Section 89

IEA 89 in BSA: Section 91

Section 89 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 corresponds to Section 91 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. IEA 89 deals with presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam came into force on 1 July 2024, replacing the IEA. Both texts are set out below, side by side, with the changed words marked.

Indian Evidence Act

IEA 89 is now BSA 91.

Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced

Carried over
96% of the old wording kept
Old · IEA 1872 · Ch. V
s. 89
Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced
The Courtshall presume that every document, called for and not produced after notice to produce, was attested, stamped and executed in the manner required by law.
Text read from the official print by OCR. Check it against the print before quoting.
New · BSA 2023 · Ch. V
s. 91
Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced.
The Court shall presume that every document, called for and not produced after notice to produce, was attested, stamped and executed in the manner required by law.
Text from India Code
Related sectionsBSA 91 · Presumption as to due execution, etc…
IEA 88A · Presumption as to electronic messagesIEA 90 · Presumption as to documents thirty years old

The new section for any IPC, CrPC or Evidence Act provision, and the old one for any BNS, BNSS or BSA section, with a converter for whole charges. Free, no sign-up.

Section-wise charts: IPC to BNS chart · CrPC to BNSS chart · Evidence Act to BSA chart

Open the converter