What is IEA 59 in BSA?

Indian Evidence Act, 1872 · Section 59

IEA 59 in BSA: Section 54

Section 59 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 corresponds to Section 54 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. IEA 59 deals with proof of facts by oral evidence. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam came into force on 1 July 2024, replacing the IEA. Both texts are set out below, side by side, with the changed words marked.

Indian Evidence Act

IEA 59 is now BSA 54.

Proof of facts by oral evidence

Carried over

81% of the old wording kept

Old · IEA 1872 · Ch. IV

s. 59

Proof of facts by oral evidence

All facts, except the contents of documents 8[or electronic records], may be proved by oral evidence.

Text read from the official print by OCR. Check it against the print before quoting.

New · BSA 2023 · Ch. IV

s. 54

Proof of facts by oral evidence.

All facts, except the contents of documents may be proved by oral evidence.

Text from India Code

IEA 58 · Facts admitted need not be proved IEA 60 · Oral evidence must be direct

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