What was BSA 54 in the IEA?

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 · Section 54

BSA 54: earlier IEA 59

Section 54 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 replaces Section 59 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. BSA 54 deals with proof of facts by oral evidence. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam came into force on 1 July 2024. Both texts are set out below, side by side, with the changed words marked.

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam

BSA 54 was IEA 59.

Proof of facts by oral evidence.

Carried over

81% of the old wording kept

Old · IEA 1872 · Ch. IV

s. 59

Proof of facts by oral evidence

All facts, except the contents of documents 8[or electronic records], may be proved by oral evidence.

Text read from the official print by OCR. Check it against the print before quoting.

New · BSA 2023 · Ch. IV

s. 54

Proof of facts by oral evidence.

All facts, except the contents of documents may be proved by oral evidence.

Text from India Code

BSA 53 · Facts admitted need not be proved.BSA 55 · Oral evidence to be direct.

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