Uttarakhand Hills Consolidation of Holding Land Reforms Act

dze la[;k& 158¼[k½ iathd`r la[;k&;w0,0@Mh0vks0@Mh0Mh0vks0@30@2015&17 ljdkjh xtV] mRrjk[k.M mRrjk[k.M ljdkj }kjk izdkf”kr vlk/kkj.k fo/kk;h ifjf”k’V Hkkx&1] [k.M ¼d½ ¼mRrjk[k.M vf/kfu;e½ nsgjknwu] “kqdzokj 07 vDVwcj] 2016 bZ0 vkf”ou 15] 1938 “kd lEor~ mRrjk[k.M “kklu fo/kk;h ,oa lalnh; dk;Z foHkkx la[;k 277@fo/kk;h ,oa lalnh; dk;Z@2016 nsgjknwu] 07 vDVwcj] 2016 vf/klwpuk fofo/k **Hkkjr dk lafo/kku** ds vuqPNsn 200 ds v/khu jkT;iky egksn; us mRrjkapy fo/kku lHkk }kjk ikfjr mRrjk[k.M ioZrh; {ks=ksa ds fy, tksr pdcUnh ,oa Hkwfe O;oLFkk fo/ks;d] 2016 dks fnukad 30 flrEcj] 2016 dks vuqefr iznku dh vkSj og mRrajkpy vf/kfu;e la[;k 21] lu 2016 ds :i esa loZ&lk/kkj.k dh lwpukFkZ bl vf/klwpuk }kjk izdkf”kr fd;k tkrk gSA mRrjk[k.M ioZrh; {ks=ksa ds fy, tksr pdcUnh ,oa Hkwfe O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 2016 ¿mRrjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k- 21 o”kZ 2016À ioZrh; {ks=ksa esa df̀"k dh vis{kkdr̀ mRikndrk esa òf) fd;s tkus] d̀f”k dks O;lkf;d Lo:i fn;s tkus rFkk bl izfdz;k esa Lojkstxkj ds voljksa esa òf) fd;s tkus fufeRr mRrjk[k.M ds ioZrh; {ks=ksa esa d`f”k lEca/kh tksrksa dh pdcUnh dh O;oLFkk fd;s tkus ds fy;s vf/kfu;e Hkkjr x.kjkT; ds 67osa o’kZ esa mRrjk[k.M jkT; fo/kku lHkk }kjk fuEufyf[kr :i esa ;g vf/kfu;ferA v/;k; ,d çkjfEHkd vkSj ifjHkk”kk,¡ laf{kIr uke] foLrkj vkSj çkjEHk 1 ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e dk laf{kIr uke mRrjk[k.M ioZrh; {ks=ksa ds fy, tksr pdcUnh ,oa Hkwfe O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 2016 gSA ¼2½ bldk çlkj ftyk gfj}kj o m|e flag uxj dks NksM+dj rFkk nsgjknwu] fVgjh] ikSMh] uSuhrky ,o paikor ftyksa ds eSnkuh {ks=ksa dks NksM+dj leLr ioZrh; {ks=ksa esa gksxkA ¼3½ ;g /kkjk rqjUr çoÙ̀k gksxh vkSj ‘ks”k vf/kfu;e ,slh rkjh[k ls] ftls jkT; ljdkj bl fufeÙk ‘kkldh; jkti= esa vf/klwpuk }kjk fu;r djs] çòÙk gksxk vkSj fofHkUu rkjh[ksa mÙkjk[k.M ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ds fy, fu;r dh tk ldsxhA ifjHkk”kk,¡ 2 fo”k; ;k çlax esa dksbZ ckr çfrdwy u gksus ij bl vf/kfu;e esa& ¼1½ ¼d½ ÞjkT; ljdkjß ls mRrjk[k.M ljdkj vfHkizsr gS( ¼[k½ ÞHkwfeß ls ,slh Hkwfe vfHkizsr gS] tks fdlh ds vf/kdkj ;k v/;klu esa d`f”k] m|kudj.k rFkk i'kqikyu ¼ftlds vUrxZr eRL; lao)Zu vkSj dqDdqV ikyu Hkh gS½ ls lEc) ç;kstuksa ds fy, gksa vkSj blds vUrxZr fuEufyf[kr Hkh gSa& ¼,d½ Tkksr dk og Hkkx] tks edku ;k vU; le:Ik jpuk dk LFky gks] vkSj ¼nks½ ,sls isM+] dq,a vkSj vU; leqUufr;k¡ tks mu xkVksa esa gksa] ftuls feydj tksr cuh gksa( ¼rhu½ ,sls xSj tehankjh fouk’k Hkwfe tks [kkrsnkjksa dh LokfeRo dh gks ,oa pdcUnh ;kstuk ds fy, vko’;d gksA ¼x½ ÞdVdß ls ,sls xk¡o ;k mlds Hkkx ls gS] vkSj ;fn pdcUnh lapkyd ljdkjh xtV esa çdk’ku }kjk ;g vf/klwfpr djs rks] ,sls nks ;k vf/kd xk¡o vFkok muds Hkkxksa ls gS ftlds ;k ftuds fy, pdcUnh dh ,d gh ;kstuk cukuh gS ¼Ä½ Þtksrß dk rkRi;Z Hkwfe ds ,sls Hkkx vFkok Hkkxksa ls gS] tks fdlh [kkrsnkj }kjk vdsys vFkok vU; [kkrsnkjksa ds lkFk la;qDr :i esa ,d [kkrs ds v/khu vf/kd̀r gksa( Li”Vhdj.k&bl [k.M ds ç;kstuksa ds fy, tksr ds vUrxZr fuEufyf[kr ugha gS& ¼,d½og Hkwfe ftlesa ck<+ dk ikuh vk;k djrk gks rFkk ftlesa vR;f/kd dVko gksrk gks( ¼nks½mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 dh /kkjk 132 esa mfYyf[kr Hkwfe( ¼rhu½,sls lagr {ks= tks lkekU;r% nh?kZdky rd tyIykfor jgrs gksa( ¼pkj½,sls vU; {ks= ftUgsa pdcUnh lapkyd] pdcUnh ds ç;kstu ds fy, vuqi;qDr ç[;kfir djsA ¼ikap½,slk {ks= tks pdcUnh dk;Z izkjEHk gksus dh vf/klwpuk ds mijkUr milapkyd pdcUnh }kjk O;kolkf;d {ks= ds :i esa fpfUgr o vf/klwfpr dh tk;A ¼2½ ¼d½ ^^pdcUnh^^ dk rkRi;Z ,d dVd ds tksrksa dh fofHkUu [kkrsnkjksa ds chp bl izdkj iquO;ZoLFkk djus ls gS ftlls fd muds vius&vius [kkrs vf/kd lagr gks tk;sa( ¼[k½ ÞpdcUnh&;kstukß dk rkRi;Z fdlh dVd esa pdcUnh dh ;kstuk ls gS( ¼x½ ÞpdcUnh {ks=ß dk rkRi;Z ml {ks= ls gS ftlds fy, /kkjk 3 ds v/khu vf/klwpuk tkjh dh tk pqdh gks] fdUrq blesa blds os Hkkx lfEefyr u gksaxs ftu ij 1950 ds tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e ¼mÙkj çns’k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1 lu~ 1950½ ;k fdlh vU; fof/k ftlds }kjk tehankjh ç.kkyh lekIr dj nh x;h gks ds micU/k ykxw u gks( ¼Ä½ ÞpdcUnh lfefrß ls ml lfefr vfHkizsr gS tks bl vf/kfu;e ds ç;kstuksa ds fy, fu;r jhfr ls laxfBr dh tk,( ¼M-½ ^^pdcUnh vfHkys[k** ls pdcUnh ;k LoSfPNd pdcUnh dh fdz;k ds nkSjku cuk;s tkus okys ud’kksa] iathdkvksa] vkdkj i=ksa o uksfVlksa vkfn vfHkizsr gS] tks ;Fkk lEHko fMftVy Lo:i esa Hkh j[ks tk;sxsa( ¼Pk½ Þpdß ls pdcUnh gksus ij [kkrsnkj dks izfn”V Hkwfe ds [k.M vfHkizsr gSA ¼N½ ^^LoSfPNd pdcUnhß ls vf/kfu;e dh fofHkUu /kkjkvksa ds v/khu vkilh fofue;] nku ,oa migkj ls gksus okyh pdcUnh ls gksxkA ¼3½ ¼d½ ÞpdcUnh&ys[kikyß ls ,sls O;fDr ls gS] ftls jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok rnUrxZr cus fu;eksa ds v/khu pdcUnh ys[kiky ds vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx rFkk drZO;ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy, bl fLFkfr esa fu;qDr djs rFkk pdcUnh&fØ;kvksa ds v/khu {ks=ksa esa mŒçŒ Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 ds v/khu fu;qDr ys[kiky Hkh blds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA ¼[k½ ÞpdcUnhdrkZß dk rkRi;Z ,sls O;fDr ls gS ftls jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok rnUrxZr cus fu;eksa ds v/khu pdcUnhdrkZ ds vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx rFkk drZO;ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy,] bl fLFkfr esa] fu;qDr djs vkSj blds vUrxZr ledks.k rFkk pdcUnh&fØ;kvksa ds v/khu {ks=ksa esa mŒ çŒ Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 ds v/khu mDr {ks= ds fy, fu;qDr lqijokbtj dkuwuxks Hkh gSA ¼x½Þlgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjhß ls ,sls O;fDr ls gS ftls jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok rnUrxZr cus fu;eksa ds v/khu lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx rFkk dÙkZO;ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy, bl fLFkfr esa fu;qDr djs vkSj blds vUrxZr lgk;d ledks.kh; vf/kdkjh Hkh gSA ¼Ä½ ÞpdcUnh vf/kdkjhß ls ,sls O;fDr ls gS ftls jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e vFkok rnUrxZr cus fu;eksa ds v/khu pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx rFkk drZO;ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy, bl fLFkfr esa fu;qDr djs vkSj blds vUrxZr ledks.k vf/kdkjh Hkh gS( ¼M-½ cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh] pdcUnhß ls ,sls O;fDr ls gS] ftls jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok rnUrxZr cus fu;eksa ds v/khu cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ ds vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksxrFkk drZO;ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy, bl fLFkfr esa] fu;qDr djs rFkk vfrfjDr cUnkscLrvf/kdkjh] pdcUnh ,oa lgk;d cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh] pdcUnh Hkh blds vUrxZr gSa( ¼Pk½ mi&lapkyd pdcUnhß ls ,sls O;fDr ls gS ftls jkT; ljdkj pdcUnh lapkyd ds ,sls vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx rFkk drZO;ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy,] bl fLFkfr esa] fu;qDr djs tks mls jkT; ljdkj }kjk lkSais tk;sa rFkk ftyk mi&lapkyd pdcUnksa vkSj lgk;d lapkyd pdcUnh Hkh blds vUrxZr gS( ¼N½Þftyk mi&lapkyd pdcUnhß ls ml O;fDr ls gS tks rRle; ftys dk dysDVj gks( ¼t ½ÞpdcUnh lapkydß dk rkRi;Z ,sls O;fDr ls gS ftls jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok rnUrxZr cus fu;eksa ds v/khu pdcUnh&lapkyd ds vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx rFkk dÙkZO;ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy, bl fLFkfr esa fu;qDr djs vkSj vfrfjDr pdcUnh lapkyd rFkk la;qDr pdcUnh lapkyd Hkh blds vUrxZr gSa( ¼4½ Þfu;rß ls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cus fu;eksa }kjk fu;r ls gSa( ¼5½ Þfof/kd çfrfuf/kß dk ogh vFkZ gS tks flfoy çfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 esa fn;k x;k gSA ¼6½ fdlh ys[; ds lEcU/k esa ÞdVd ds çdk’kuß ;k ÞdVd esa çdkf’kr djukß dk rkRi;Z MqXxh ihVdj iwoZ lwfpr fnukad ij fdlh dVd esa ml ys[; dks i<+dj lqukus rFkk dVd esa MqXxh ihVdj vFkok vU; fdlh :f<+xr <ax ls bl rF; dh ?kks”k.kk djus ls gS fd fdlh fuf’pr LFkku rFkk le; ij og ys[; lkoZtfud fujh{k.k ds fy, miyC/k gSA blesa bUVjusV ij izdk’ku lfEefyr gS( ijUrq ;g fd ;fn dVd ds fy, pdcUnh&lfefr laxfBr gks x;h gks rks mDr lfefr ds çR;sd lnL; dks çdk’ku ds rF; dh vyx&vyx lwpuk Hkh nh tk;sxhA ¼7½ Þledks.k fuekZ.kß ls pdcUnh ds le; pdksa ds çn’kZu dks fofu;fer djus ds mn~ns’; ls dVd ds {ks= dks lqfo/kktud vkdkj ds ledks.k prqHkqZt rFkk vU; lqfo/kktud vkdkj esa foHkkftr djus dh çfØ;k vfHkizsr gS( ¼8½ Þ[kkrsnkjß ls vUrj.kh; vf/kdkj okys Hkwfe/kj vFkok vuUrj.kh; vf/kdkj okys Hkwfe/kj ls gS vkSj mlds vUrxZr& ¼d½ vlkeh] ¼[k½ ljdkjh iV~Vsnkj ;k ljdkjh vuqnkuxg̀hrk] ;k ¼x½ lgdkjh d̀f”k lfefr tks ,slh ‘krksZa dks iwjk djrh gks] tks fu;r dh tk;sa] Hkh gS( ¼9½ ^^pdcUnh vfHkys[kksa dk izdk’ku** ls pdcUnh ;kstuk ds nkSjku iz[;kfir fd;s tkus okys fofHkUu pdcUnh vfHkys[kksa ds izdk’ku ls gSA blesa fMftVy Lo:i esa rS;kj fd;s x;s vfHkys[kksa dk bUVjusV ij izdk’ku Hkh lfEefyr gSA ¼10½ mu ‘kCnksa vkSj inksa ds& ¼d½ ftudh bl vf/kfu;e esa ifjHkk”kk ugha nh xbZ gS fdUrq tks mŒ çŒ Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 ¼mŒçŒvf/kfu;e la[;k 3 lu~ 1901½ esa ç;qDr vFkok ifjHkkf”kr gS] vFkok ¼[k½ tks bl vf/kfu;e esa vFkok mŒ çŒ Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 esa ifjHkkf”kr ugha gS fdUrq tks 1950 bZŒ ds mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e esa ç;qDr vFkok ifjHkkf”kr gSa] ogh vFkZ gksaxs] tks muds ml ,DV esa fn;s x;s gSa ftuesa os bl çdkj ç;qDr ;k ifjHkkf”kr gSa] ogh vFkZ gksaxs tks muds ml vf/kfu;e esa fn;s x;s gS ftuesa os bl izdkj iz;qDr ;k ifjHkkf”kr gS] vkSj ¼11½ mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 ¼mŒ çŒ vf/kfu;e la[;k 1 lu~ 1951½¼mRrjk[k.M esa ;Fkk izòRr la’kksf/kr½ rFkk ;wŒ ihŒ ySaM jsosU;w ,sDV] 1901 ¼;wŒ ihŒ ,sDV la[;k 3] 1901½¼mRrjk[k.M esa ;Fkk izòRr½ ds lEcU/k esa vfHkns’k le;&le; ij ;Fkkla’kksf/kr mDr vf/kfu;e ds lEcU/k esa vfHkns’k le>s tk;saxsA v/;k; nks uD’kksa vkSj vfHkys[kksa dk iqujh{k.k rFkk la’kks/ku pdcUnh ds lEcU?k esa ç[;kiu rFkk vf/klwpuk 3 ¼1½ ¼d½ ;fn jkT; ljdkj dh ;g jk; gks fd dksbZ ftyk] xzke ;k mldk Hkkx pdcUnh&fØ;kvksa ;k LoSfPNd pdcUnh ds v/khu yk;k tk;] rks og xtV esa bl vk’k; dk ç[;kiu dj ldrh gSA rnqijkUr fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k çkf/kdkjh ds fy, tks ftyk mi&lapkyd pdcUnh }kjk rnFkZ vf/kd`r fd;s tk;sa] ;g fof/klaxr gksxk fd og& ¼,d ½mDr {ks= dh fdlh Hkwfe esa] ledks.k fuekZ.k ds lEcU/k esa ;k vU;Fkk ços’k djs rFkk mldk losZ{k.k djs vkSj Lrj ekywe djsa] ¼nks½ ledks.k&fuekZ.k ds lEcU/k esa [kEHks yxk;s] vkSj ¼rhu½ pdcUnh&fØ;kvksa ds fy, {ks= dh mi;qDrrk dk fu’p; djus ds fy, lHkh vko’;d dk;Zokgh djsA ¼[k½ ftyk mi&lapkyd pdcUnh [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu tkjh fd;s x;s ç[;kiu dh lkoZtfud lwpuk mDr ftys ;k mlds Hkkx esa lqfo/kkiw.kZ LFkkuksa ij fnyok;sxkA ¼2½ ¼d½ tc jkT; ljdkj mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu tkjh fd;s x;s ç[;kiu ds vUrxZr vkus okys {ks= ;k fdlh vU; {ks= esa pdcUnh&fØ;k,a] vkjEHk djus dk fu’p; djs] rks og bl vk’k; dh vf/klwpuk tkjh dj ldrh gSA ¼[k½ çR;sd ,slh vf/klwpuk xtV esa vkSj ,slh fdlh nSfud lekpkj&i= esa ftldk mDr {ks= esa çpyu gks çdkf’kr dh tk;sxh vkSj mDr {ks= esa çR;sd dVd esa ,slh jhfr ls Hkh çdkf’kr dh tk;sxh tSlh leqfpr le>h tk;A ¼3½ ¼d½ tgk¡ jkT; ljdkj dh ;g jk; gks fd fdlh ,sls ftys ;k mlds Hkkx dh fLFkfr esa ftlds lEcU/k esa /kkjk 37 ds v/khu vf/klwpuk tkjh dh tk pqdh gS] yksdfgr esa ,slk djuk lehphu gS ogk¡ og xtV esa vf/klwpuk }kjk ;g ç[;kfir dj ldrh gS fd ,slk ftyk ;k mldk Hkkx fQj ls pdcUnh&fØ;k ds vUrxZr yk;k tk ldrk gS % ijUrq ;g fd mDr /kkjk esa fufnZ”V vf/klwpuk ds fnukad ls chl o”kZ ds Hkhrj ,slh dksbZ ?kks”k.kk tkjh ugha dh tk;sxh] fdUrq fo’ks”k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa jkT; ljdkj yksdfgr esa mDr fnukad ls nl o”kZ ds ckn ,slh ?kks”k.kk tkjh dj ldsxhA ¼[k½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu tkjh dh x;h çR;sd vf/klwpuk ij bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/k vko’;d ifjorZuksa lfgr mlh çdkj ykxw gksaxs ftl çdkj os /kkjk 3 ds v/khu fdlh vf/klwpuk ij ykxw gksrs gSaA /kkjk 3¼2½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk dk çHkko 4 ¼1½ ljdkjh xtV esa /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu] vf/klwpuk çdkf’kr gksus ij mlesa fufnZ”V fnukad ls rFkk /kkjk 37 ds v/khu vFkok /kkjk 5 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu] tSlh Hkh n’kk gks] vf/klwpuk çdkf’kr gksus rd /kkjk 3 ¼2½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk] ls lEc) {ks= esa] bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] fuEufyf[kr ifj.kke mRiUu gksaxs& ¼d½ ftyk] xkao vFkok mldk Hkkx] tSlh Hkh n’kk gks] pdcUnh&fØ;kvksa ds vUrxZr le>k tk;sxk vkSj vf/kdkj&vfHkys[k dk j[k&j[kko rFkk çR;sd xk¡o ds uD’ks] [kljs vkSj okf”kZd jftLVj dh rS;kjh dk dk;Z ftyk mi&lapkyd pdcUnh djsxk] tks fd mudk j[k&j[kko vFkok mudh rS;kjh] tSlh Hkh n’kk gks] fu;r jhfr ls djsxk( ¼[k½ mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 ¼mÙkj çns’k vf/kfu;e laŒ 1 lu~ 1951½ esa vUrfoZ”V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh pdcUnh dh fyf[kr iwoZ çkIr vkKk ds fcuk dksbZ [kkrsnkj& d`f”k] m|kudj.k vFkok i'kqikyu] ftlesa eRL; lao)Zu rFkk dqDdqV ikyu Hkh lfEefyr gS] ls vlEc) ç;kstu ds fy, viuh tksr vFkok mlds fdlh Hkkx dk mi;ksx ugha djsxk] fdUrq çfrcU/k ;g gS fd [kkrsnkj viuh tksr vFkok mlds fdlh Hkkx dk mi;ksx ,sls ç;kstuksa ds fy, dj ldrk gS] ftlds ft, /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu] tkjh dh xbZ vf/klwpuk esa fufnZ”V fnukad ls igys og mi;ksx esa yk;k tk jgk FkkA ¼2½ /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk ds mDr çdk’ku ds QyLo:i vf/klwpuk ls lEc) {ks= esa fuEufyf[kr vkSj ifj.kke gksaxs] vFkkZr& ¼d½ vfHkys[kksa ds la’kks/ku dh çR;sd dk;Zokgh dk rFkk ml {ks= esa fLFkr fdlh Hkwfe esa vf/kdkjh ;k LoRo ds ç[;kiu ds lEcU/k esa çR;sd ckn vkSj dk;Zokgh dk vFkok ,sls fdlh vU; vf/kdkj ds ftlds lEcU/k esa bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dk;Zokgh dh tk ldrh gks ;k dh tkuh pkfg,] ç[;kiu ;k fu.kZ; ds fy, çR;sd okn ;k dk;Zokgh dk] tks çkjfEHkd vFkok vihy ;k vfHkns’k lquus okys vFkok iqujh{k.k djus okys fdlh çkf/kdkjh vFkok U;k;ky; ds le{k fopkj/khu gks] ml U;k;ky; vFkok çkf/kdkjh }kjk ftlds le{k ,slk okn ;k dk;Zokgh fopkjk/khu gks] rnFkZ vkns’k nsus ij mi’kfer gks tk;sxk% çfrcU/k ;g gS fd dksbZ ,slk vkns’k lEc) i{kksa dks Mkd ls vFkok vU; fdlh jhfr ls uksfVl fn;s fcuk vkSj mldks lquokbZ dk volj fn;s fcuk ugha fn;k tk,xk% çfrca/k ;g Hkh gS fd mDr {ks= vFkok mlds Hkkx ds lEcU/k esa /kkjk 5 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk tkjh fd;s tkus ij] ;FkkfLFkfr] ,sls {ks= ;k mlds Hkkx esa fLFkr Hkwfe ds lEcU/k esa çR;sd ,slk vkns’k jn~n gks tk;sxk( ¼[k½ ,sls mi’keu ls] mDr oknksa vFkok dk;Zokfg;ksa esa fooknkLin vf/kdkjksa vFkok LoRoksa ds ç’uksa dh] bl vf/kfu;e rFkk rnUrxZr cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ds micU/ksa ds v/khu rFkk muds vuqlkj çHkkfor O;fDr;ksa ds leqfpr pdcUnh çkf/kdkfj;ksa ds le{k mBkus ds vf/kdkjksa ij çfrdwy çHkko ugha iM+sxkA Li”Vhdj.k& mi/kkjk] ¼2½ ds ç;kstukFkZ mÙkj çns’k vf/kdre tksr lhek vkjksi.k vf/kfu;e] 1960¼mRrjk[k.M esa ;FkkizòRr½ dh v/khu dksbZ dk;Zokgh ;k mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 dh /kkjk 134 ls 137 ds v/khu fufoZjks/k dk;Zokgh dks fdlh Hkwfe esa vf/kdkj ;k LoRo dh ?kks”k.kk ds lEcU/k esa dk;Zokgh ugha le>k tk;sxkA /kkjk 3 ds vUrxZr 5 ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj ds fy, oS/k gksxk fd og /kkjk 3 ds vUrxZr çpkfjr vf/klwpuk] dks çpkfjr vf/klwpuk dk jn~n djuk mlesa fufnZ”V leLr {ks= vFkok mlds fdlh ,d Hkkx ds lEcU/k esa jn~n dj nsA ¼2½ tc mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh dVd ds lEcU/k esa vf/klwpuk] jn~n dj nh tk;s] rks og {ks=] ;fn dksbZ gks] mDr jn~n djus ds fnukad ij ;k mlls igys rFkk Hkwfe&vfHkys[kksa esa la’kks/ku ls lEc)] dksbZ vfUre vkKk gks] rks mlds v/khu jgrs gq,] jn~n djus ds fnukad ls pdcUnh&fØ;kvksa ds v/khu u jg tk;sxkA fufoZokn mÙkjkf/kdkj ;k vUrj.k ds lEcU/k esa fo’ks”k micU/k 6 ¼1½ /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ;k /kkjk 3¼d½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk ds çdk’ku ds i'pkr~ vkSj /kkjk 8 ds v/khu dk;Zokgh çkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ mÙkjkf/kdkj ds fufoZokn ekeys dks pdcUnhdrkZ }kjk] vkSj vUrj.k ds vk/kkj ij fufoZokn ukekUrj.k ds ekeys dks lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh }kjk] ,slh jhfr ls vkSj ,slh tkap ds i'pkr] tSlh fofgr dh tk;s] fuiVk;k tk;xk( ijUrq ;g fd /kkjk 8 ds v/khu dk;Zokgh çkjEHk gks tkus ds i'pkr~ bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh ekeys dks u rks xzg.k fd;k tk;xk] u gh tkjh j[kk tk;xk ;k u gh fuiVk;k tk;sxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fd;k x;k dksbZ vkns’k] /kkjk 9 ds v/khu fdlh vkifÙk dks oftZr ugha djsxkA /kkjk 6ds lEcU/k esa micU/k 6d /kkjk 6 ds vUrxZr vUrj.k ds fuLrkj.k dh vkKk ds Ik’pkr esa fookn dh fLFkfr es cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ }kjk ikfjr vkns’k fujLr dj Ëkkjk 9 ds vUrxZr fuLrkj.k gsrq izR;kofrZr fd;k Tkk;sxkA xk¡o ds uD’kksa dk iqujh{k.k 7 dVd ds çR;sd xk¡o vFkok mlds Hkkxksa ds vfHkys[kksa ds iqujh{k.k dks ljy cukus ds fopkj ls rFkk ;gk¡ vkxs fn;s gq, micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, ftyk mi&lapkyd pdcUnh dVd dh çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk rS;kj gksus ds iwoZ ml dVd ds xk¡o ds uD’kksa dk iqujh{k.k djok;sxkA vfHkys[kksa ds iqujh{k.k dh izfdz;k esa vk/kqfud rduhdh ls fMftVy uD’ks o vfHkys[k rS;kj fd;s tk;sxsa] blesa ;g /;ku j[kk tk;sxk fd fo|eku uD’kksa dk feyku Hkh fMftVy uD’kksa ls gks tk;A [kljk rFkk pkyw okf”kZd jftLVj dk iqujh{k.k] la;qDr tksrksa ds ewY;ksa vkSj va’kksa dk vo/kkj.k 8 ¼1½ /kkjk 7 ds v/khu uD’kksa dk iqujh{k.k gks tkus ij ftyk mi&lapkyd pdcUnh vkxs fn;s gq, micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] vkSj ,slh jhfr ls] tks fu;r dh tk;& ¼,d½ dVd ds [kljksa dk] iM+rky ds i'pkr~ vkSj pkyw okf”kZd jftLVj dk] mlds ijh{k.k rFkk mldh tk¡p ds i'pkr~] iqujh{k.k djok;sxkA ¼nks½ pdcUnh&lfefr ds ijke’kZ ls ewY;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k& ¼d½ çR;sd xkVs dk ewY;kadu] mldh mRiknu&’kfDr vkSj fLFkfr ij] vkSj ;fn flapkbZ dh dksbZ lqfo/kk,a miyC/k gksa] rks mu ij Hkh fopkj djus ds i'pkr~ djk;sxk( vkSj ¼[k½ xkVksa ds lHkh isM+ksa] dqvksa rFkk vU; mifLFkr leqUufr;ksa dk ewY;kadu] mudk çfrdj vkadfyr djus ds ç;kstukFkZ djk;sxk( ¼rhu½ ;fn ,d ls vf/kd Lokeh gksa rks [k.M ¼nks½ ds mi[k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu vo/kkfjr ewY; ls çR;sd Lokeh dk va’k fuf’pr djok;sxk( vkSj ¼pkj½ mfpr pdcUnh lqfuf’pr djus ds fufeÙk foHkktu djus ds fy, la;qDr tksrksa esa çR;sd [kkrsnkj dk va’k vo/kkfjr djk;sxkA ¼ikap½ uD’kks ds iqujh{k.k ds nkSjku izkIr {ks=Qy o vfHkys[kks ds vUrj dh ‘kqf˜ gsrq rzqfV;kW nf’kZr dh tk;sxhA ¼2½ ftyk mi&lapkyd] pdcUnh] dVd ds vUrxZr vkus okys xkVksa ds lEcU/k esa fu;r vkdkj esa [kljk pdcUnh rS;kj djok;sxk vkSj ,d ,slk fooj.k rS;kj djok;sxk ftlesa os v’kqf);ka ¼mÙkjkf/kdkj ds fufoZokn ekeys½ rFkk fookn fn[kk;s tk;saxs tks okf”kZd jftLVj dk ijh{k.k rFkk mldh tk¡p djrs le; vkSj [ksrokj iM+rky ds nkSjku esa Kkr gq, gksaA fl)kUrksa dk fooj.k rS;kj djuk 8d ¼1½ lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh] pdcUnh lfefr ds ijke’kZ ls pdcUnh&fØ;kvksa ds v/khu çR;sd dVd ds lEcU/k esa ,d fooj.k ¼ftls ;gk¡ vkxs fl)kUrksa dk fooj.k dgk x;k gS½ fu;r vkdkj esa rS;kj djsxk ftlesa os fl)kUr fn;s x;s gksaxs ftudk vuqlj.k dVd esa pdcUnh&fØ;kvkssa ds djus esa fd;k tk;sxkA ¼2½ fl)kUrksa ds fooj.k esa fuEufyf[kr ckrsa Hkh gksaxh& ¼d½ mu {ks=ksa ds C;kSjs] tgk¡ rd os ml le; vo/kkfjr fd;s tk ldsa] tks vkcknh ds çlkj] ftlds vUrxZr dVd ds gfjtuksa rFkk Hkwfeghu O;fDr;ksa dh vkcknh ds fy, {ks= Hkh gSa rFkk ,sls vU; lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa dss fy,] tks fu;r fd;s tk,a] fofufnZ”V fd;s tk;sxsa( ¼[k½ og vk/kkj] ftl ij [kkrsnkj vkcknh ds çlkj vkSj vU; lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa ds fy, Hkwfe nsaxs( vkSj ¼x½ ml Hkwfe ds C;kSjs] tks jkT; dh Hkwfe gks o jkT; dh iwokZuqefr esa pdcUnh ;kstuk esa lfEefyr dh tkuh mfpr gksA ¼?k½ çR;sd dVd ds fy, ekud xkVkA ¼3½ lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh xkVk ;k xkVksa dh mRikndrk] vofLFkfr vkSj orZeku feV~Vh dh Js.kh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] pdcUnh&lfefr ds lnL;ksa vkSj dVd ds [kkrsnkjksa ls dVd ds lokZsaÙke xkVksa dk vfHkfu’p; djds mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [kaM ¼?k½ esa fufnZ”V ekud xkVksa dk vo/kkj.kk djsxkA ¼4½ LoSfPNd pdcUnh ds fy;s vf/klwfpr {ks=ksa esa vfrfjDr fl}kUr lfEefyr fd;s tk;sxsA vfHkys[kksa rFkk fooj.kksa ls m)j.k tkjh djuk vkSj /kkjk 8 rFkk 8d esa mfYyf[kr 9 ¼1½ /kkjk 8 rFkk 8d esa mfYyf[kr vfHkys[kksa rFkk fooj.kksa ds rS;kj gks tkus ij] lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh& ¼d½ ;fn dksbZ fyfidh; v’kqf);ka gksa] rks mUgsa lgh djsxk vkSj lEc) [kkrsnkjksa rFkk vfHkys[kksa dks çdkf’kr djuk vkSj vkifÙk;k¡ vkeaf=r djus ds fy, uksfVl tkjh djuk LoRo j[kus okys vU; O;fDr;ksa dks uksfVl Hkstsxk ;k fHktok;sxk] ftuesa pkyw okf”kZd jftLVj vkSj vU; ,sls vfHkys[kksa ds] tks fu;r fd;s tk;sa] lEc) m)j.k gksa vkSj ftls fuEufyf[kr ckrs çdV gksa& ¼,d½ muds Hkwfe esa vf/kdkj vkSj mlds lEcU/k esa nkf;Ro( ¼nks½ muds lEcU/k esa /kkjk 8 ds vUrxZr ik;h x;h v’kqf);ka mÙkjkf/kdkj ds fufoZokn ekeys vkSj fookn( ¼rhu½ mfpr pdcUnh lqfuf’pr djus ds fufeÙk foHkktu vko’;d gksus ij mlds ç;kstukFkZ la;qDr tksrksa esa çR;sd [kkrsnkj dk fof’k”V va’k( ¼pkj½ xkVksa dk ewY;kadu( vkSj ¼ikap½ isM+ksa] dqvksa vkSj vU; leqUufr;ksa dk çfrdj vkadfyr djus ds fy, mudk ewY;kadu rFkk ;fn muds ,d ls vf/kd Lokeh gksa rks mldk vfHkHkktu( ¼[k½ pkyw [kljk vkSj pkyw okf”kZd jftLVj] [kljk pdcUnh /kkjk 8&d ds v/khu rS;kj fd;k x;k fl)kUrksa dk fooj.k rFkk dksbZ vU; vfHkys[k] tks vU; ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk [k.M ¼d½ esa mfYyf[kr vU; C;kSjs fn[kkus ds fy, fu;r fd;s tk;sa] dVd esa çdkf’kr djsxkA ¼2½ dksbZ O;fDr ftls mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu uksfVl Hkstk x;k gks] ;k LoRo j[kus okyk dksbZ vU; O;fDr] ;FkkfLFkfr uksfVl çkIr gksus ds ;k mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds m)j.kksa ds v/khu çdk’ku ds 21 fnu ds Hkhrj lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds le{k vkifÙk;k¡ çLrqr dj ldrk gS] ftuesa vfHkys[kksa ;k mlesa ls fy;s x;s m)j.kksa ds bUnzktksa dh ‘kq)rk vFkok muds çdkj ds lEcU/k eas] ;k fl)kUrksa ds fooj.k ds lEcU/k esa ;k foHkktu dh vko’;drk ds lEcU/k esa vkifÙk dh xbZ gksA Hkwfe ij nkoksa rFkk la;qDr tksrksa ds foHkktu ls lEcfU/kr ekeyksa dk fuLrkj.k 9d ¼1½ lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh] ml n’kk esa& ¼,d½ tc Hkwfe ij nkoksa ;k la;qDr tksrksa ds foHkktu ds lEcU/k esa vkifÙk;k¡ çLrqr dh xbZ gksa] rks lEc) i{kksa dh lquokbZ djus ds i'pkr~ vkSj ¼nks½ tc ,slh dksbZ vkifÙk;k¡ çLrqr u dh x;h gksa] rks ,slh tk¡p djus ds i'pkr~] tks og vko’;d le>s] vius le{k mifLFkr gksus okys i{kksa esa le>kSrk djk dj] tgk¡ rd lEHko gks] fookn dk fuiVkjk djsxk] v’kqf);ksa dks Bhd djsxk rFkk foHkktu djsxk vkSj ,sls le>kSrs ds vk/kkj ij vkKk,¡ ikfjr djsxk( ijUrq ;g fd tgk¡ lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dk] ,slh tkap djus ds i'pkr~ tSlk og vko’;d le>s] ;g lek/kku gks tk;s fd mRrjkf/kdkj dk ekeyk fufoZokn gS] ogka og ekeys dk fuLrkj.k mlh tk¡p ds vk/kkj ij djsxkA ¼2½ os lHkh ekeys tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh }kjk fuLrkfjr u fd;s x;s gkssa] rFkk xkVksa ds ewY;kadu ls lEc) lHkh ekeysa vkSj os lHkh ekeys] ftudk lEcU/k isM+ksa] dqvksa] rFkk vU; leqUufr;ksa dk çfrdkj vkadfyr djus ds fy;s muds ewY;kadu rFkk ;fn ,d ls vf/kd Lokeh gksa rks mldks lg&Lokfe;ksa esa vfHkHkktu djus ls gks] uD’kks ds iqujh{k.k ds nkSjku izkIr {ks=Qy o vfHkys[kks ds vUrj dh ‘kqf˜ gsrq nf’kZr rzqfV;kW( lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh }kjk] pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dks Hksts tk;sxsa] tks mudk fuLrkj.k fu;r jhfr ls djsxkA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dk;Z djrk gqvk lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh vkSj mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dk;Z djrk gqvk pdcUnh vf/kdkjh rRle; çpfyr fdlh vU; fof/k esa fdlh foijhr ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh l{ke U;k;ky; ekuk tk;sxkA fl)kUrksa ds fooj.k ij dh xbZ vkifÙk;ksa dk fuLrkj.k& 9[k ¼1½ tc /kkjk 9 ds v/khu fl)kUrksa ds fooj.k ds fo:) vkifÙk;k¡ çLrqr dh xbZ gksa rks lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh lEc) i{kksa dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus vkSj pdcUnh lfefr ds ǹf”Vdks.k ij fopkj djus ds i'pkr~ viuh fjiksVZ pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dks çLrqr djsxk] tks vkifÙk;ksa dk fuLrkj.k fu;r jhfr ls djsxkA ¼2½ ;fn fl)kUrksa ds fooj.k ds fo:) /kkjk 9 esa fu;r le; ds Hkhrj dksbZ vkifÙk çLrqr u dh x;h gks] rks mldh ‘kq)rk dh ijh{kk djus dh ǹf”V ls pdcUnh vf/kdkjh pdcUnh&lfefr dks mfpr lwpuk nsus ds i'pkr~ dVd dk LFkyh; fujh{k.k djsxk vkSj rRi’pkr~ og fl)kUrksa ds fooj.k esa ,sls cfg”dkj ;k ifjorZu dj ldrk gS tks og vko’;d le>sA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dh vkKk ls {kqC/k dksbZ O;fDr] mDr vkKk ds fnukad ls 21 fnu ds Hkhrj cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ ds le{k vihy çLrqr dj ldrk gS] ftldk fu.kZ; bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k blds v/khu dh xbZ vU;Fkk O;oLFkk ds v/khu jgrs gq,] vfUre gksxkA ¼4½ vkifÙk ;k vihy ij fu.kZ; nsus ls igys pdcUnh vf/kdkjh rFkk cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh pdcUnh] lEc) i{kksa rFkk pdcUnh lfefr dks lE;d~ lwpuk nsus ds i'pkr~ dVd dk LFkkuh; fujh{k.k djsxkA la;qDr tksrksa dk foHkktu 9x ¼1½ lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh pdcUnh vf/kdkjh] /kkjk 9&d ds v/khu la;qDr tksrksa dk foHkktu dj ldrs gSa Hkys gh 1950 bZŒ ds mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 178 esa ;k fdlh vU; fof/k esa dksbZZ foijhr ckr nh xbZ gks] vkSj os mldk foHkktu Lor% Hkh dj ldrs gSaA ¼2½ la;qDr tksrksa dk foHkktu va’kksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tk;sxk] fdUrq çfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn lEc) [kkrsnkj lger gksa rks foHkktu fof’k”V xkVksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA iqujhf{kr okf”kZd jftLVj rS;kj djuk vkSj j[kuk 10 ¼1½ okf”kZd jftLVj /kkjk 9&d dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ vkSj mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu nh xbZ vkKkvksa ds vk/kkj ij iqujhf{kr fd;k tk;sxkA rRi’pkr~ og fu;r vkdkj esa rS;kj fd;k tk;sxk rFkk dVd esa çdkf’kr fd;k tk;sxkA ¼2½ tc mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu çdkf’kr okf”kZd jftLVj ds fdlh bUnzkt dk] bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh vU; fof/k ds v/khu nh x;h vkKk ds vuqlj.k esa] ifj”dkj fd;k tk;s rks ml vkKk dk funsZ’k vkSj mlds çorhZ Hkkx dk m)j.k mDr bUnkt ds lkeus ntZ fd;k tk;sxkA vihy 11 ¼1½ /kkjk 9&d ds v/khu gksus okyh dk;Zokfg;ksa dk dksbZ i{k] tks ml /kkjk ds v/khu lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ;k pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dh vkKk ls {kqC/k gks] ml vkKk ds fnukad ls 21 fnu ds Hkhrj cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ ds le{k vihy çLrqr dj ldrk gSA mDr vf/kdkjh lEc) i{kksa dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr~ ml ij viuk fu.kZ; nsxk] tks fd bl vf/kfu;e }kjk vFkok blds v/khu dh xbZ vU;Fkk O;oLFkk ds v/khu jgrs gq,] vfUre gksxk vkSj ml ij fdlh fof/k&U;k;ky; esa vkifÙk ugha dh tk ldsxhA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vihy dh lquokbZ djus okyk cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ l{ke vf/kdkfjrk okyk U;k;ky; le>k tk;sxk] Hkys gh rRle; çpfyr vU; fdlh fof/k esa dksbZ foijhr ckrsa nh gksaA vkifÙk;ksa ij jksd 11d pdcUnh {ks= ls lEcfU/kr fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa ds lEcU/k esa& ¼,d½ Hkwfe ds nkos] ¼nks½ la;qDr tksrksa dk foHkktu] vkSj ¼rhu½ ;fn ç’u /kkjk 10 ds v/khu okf”kZd jftLVj esa vfHkfyf[kr xkVs ds [kkrsnkj ;k isM+ksa] dqvksa ;k vU; leqUufr;ksa ds Lokeh }kjk mBk;k tk;] rks xkVksa] isM+ksas] dqvksa rFkk vU; leqUufr;ksa dk ewY;kaduA fdlh Hkh ,sls ç’u dks] tks /kkjk 9 ds v/khu mBk;k x;k gks ;k tks mDr /kkjk ds v/khu mBk;k tk ldrk Fkk ;k mBk;k tkuk pkfg, Fkk] ijUrq mBk;k ugha x;k gks] pdcUnh dk;Zokfg;ksa dh fdlh okn dh voLFkk esa u rks mBk;k tk;sxk vkSj u mldh lquokbZ dh tk;sxhA 11 [k /kkjk 9&d ds v/khu fdlh vkifÙk ;k /kkjk 11 ds v/khu vihy vFkok /kkjk 33 ds v/khu iqujh{k.k dk;Zokfg;ksa dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku pdcUnh vf/kdkjh] cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ vFkok pdcUnh funs’kd] tSlh Hkh n’kk gks] ;g funsZ’k ns ldrk gS fd dksbZ Hkwfe tks jkT; ljdkj ;k xk¡o lHkk vFkok fdlh vU; LFkkuh; fudk; ;k çkf/kdj.k esa fufgr gks] mlds uke ls vfHkfyf[kr dh tk;] Hkys gh ,slh ljdkj] xk¡o lHkk] ;k fudk; ;k çkf/kdj.k }kjk dksbZ vkifÙk] vihy ;k iqujh{k.k nkf[ky u fd;k x;k gksA iqujhf{kr vfHkys[kksa esa vfHkfyf[kr vf/kdkjksa vFkok LoRoksa ij çHkko Mkyus okys ifjorZuksa rFkk O;ogkjksa ls lEc) ekeyksa dk 12 ¼1½ /kkjk 10 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu çdkf’kr iqujhf{kr vfHkys[kska esa vfHkfyf[kr fdUgha vf/kdkjksa ;k LoRoksa dks çHkkfor djus okys ifjorZuksa rFkk O;ogkjksa ls lEc) leLr ekeys] ftuds fy, okndj.k rc fo|eku ugha Fkk] tc /kkjk 7 ls 9 rd ds le{k mBk;s tk ldrs gSa] fdUrq /kkjk 37 vFkok /kkjk 5 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk ds çdk’ku ds i'pkr~ ughaA fu.kZ; ¼2½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ ekeyk mBk;k tk; rks mldh lquokbZ rFkk fu.kZ; ij /kkjk 7 ls 11 rd ds micU/k vko’;d ifjorZuksa lfgr] mlh çdkj ykxw gksaxs ekuksa og mi;qZDr /kkjkvksa ds v/khu mBk;k x;k ekeyk gksA ubZ tksrksa dh ekyxqtkjh dk vo/kkj.k rFkk tksrksa ds Hkkx ij ekyxqtkjh dk forj.k 12d ¼1½ mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ bl lEcU/k esa fufeZr fu;eksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,& ¼d½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ikfjr vkns’kksa ds QyLo:i [kkrsnkj }kjk vftZr Hkwfe ds vf/kdkjksa ds fufeÙk ns; ekyxqtkjh dh /kujkf’k vo/kkfjr dj ldrk gS( rFkk ¼[k½ tgk¡ vko’;d gks ogka [kkrsnkj dh tksr ds Hkkx ds fufeÙk ns; ekyxqtkjh Hkh vo/kkfjr dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ns; ekyxqtkjh dh /kujkf’k vo/kkfjr djus esa mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 rFkk rnUrxZr fufeZr fu;ekoyh ds micU/k vko’;d ifjorZuksa lfgr ykxw gksaxsA tksrksa dk lekesyu 12 [k /kkjk 10 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu iqujhf{kr okf”kZd jftLVj ds çdkf’kr gksus ds iwoZ nks ;k vf/kd [kkrsnkj fdlh Hkh le; pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dks leku HkkSfed vf/kdkjksa okyh viuh tksrksa dks ,slh ‘krksZa ij] tks vkil esa r; gks] lekesfyr djus ds fufeZÙk çkFkZuk&i= ns ldrs gSaA ;fn çLrkfor lekesyu pdcUnh ds fgr esa gks] rks pdcUnh vf/kdkjh mls dk;kZfUor djsxkA v/;k; rhu pdcUnh ;kstuk dk rS;kj fd;k tkuk pdcUnh&;kstuk }kjk ‘krksZa dk iwjk fd;k tkuk 13 ¼1½ pdcUnh&;kstuk fuEufyf[kr ‘krksZa dks iwjk djsxh] vFkkZr~& ¼d½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa ds fy, fn;s x;s va’knkuksa ds dkj.k dh xbZ dVkSfr;k¡] ;fn dksbZ gksa] ds v/khu jgrs gq,] [kkrsnkj ds vf/kdkj rFkk nkf;Ro] tSls fd os /kkjk 10 ds v/khu rS;kj fd;s x;s okf”kZd jftLVj esa vfHkfyf[kr gksa] mls ¼[kkrsnkj dks½ çfn”V Hkwfe;ksa esa lqjf{kr jgsa( ¼[k½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa ds fy, fn;s x;s va’knkuksa ds dkj.k dh xbZ dVkSfr;ka] ;fn dksbZ gks] ds v/khu jgrs gq,] [kkrsnkj dks çfn”V xkVksa dk ewY;kadu mlds }kjk ewyr% /k`r xkVksa ds ewY;kadu ds cjkcj gks% ¼x½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k rn~UrxZr cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ds mica/kksa ds v/khu vo/kkfjr çfrdj fuEuor~ fn;k tk,& ¼1½ [kkrsnkj dks& ¼,d½ mu isM+ksa] dqvksa rFkk vU; leqUufr;ksa ds fy,] tks mlds }kjk ewyr% /k`r Fks vkSj tks nwljs [kkrsnkj dks çfn”V dj fn;s x;s gksa] vkSj ¼nks½ lkoZtfud ç;kstukFkZ mlds }kjk nh x;h Hkwfe ds fy,( ¼2½ ;FkkfLFkfr] xk¡o lHkk ;k fdlh vU; LFkkuh; çkf/kdkjh dks fodkl ds fy,] ;fn dksbZ gks] tks mlus ml Hkwfe ij dh gks] tks mldh gks vkSj fdlh [kkrsnkj dks çfn”V dj nh xbZ gks( ¼?k½ fl)kUrksa ds fooj.k esa fn;s x;s fl)kUrksa dk vuqlj.k fd;k tk,( ¼M-½ çR;sd [kkrsnkj dks] ;FkklEHko] ml LFkku ij tgk¡ mlds ikl viuh tksr dk lcls cM+k Hkkx gks] lagr {ks= çfn”V fd;k tk,( ijUrq ;g fd cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh¼pdcUnh½ ds fyf[kr vuqeksnu ds fcuk fdlh [kkrsnkj dks rhu ls vf/kd pd çfn”V ugha fd;s tk ldrs % ijUrq ;g vkSj fd dh xbZ dksbZ Hkh pdcUnh dsoy blfy, voS/k u ekuh tk;xh fd fdlh [kkrsnkj ds ikl çfn”V pd rhu ls vf/kd gS( ¼p½ çR;sd [kkrsnkj dks] ;FkklEHko] og xkVk çfn”V fd;k tk,] ftlesa mldk flapkbZ dk futh lk/ku vFkok dksbZ vU; leqUufr fo|eku gks vkSj lkFk esa mlds fudV dk ,slk {ks= çfn”V fd;k tk,] ftldk ewY;kadu yxHkx mruk gh gks] ftuk fd ogk¡ ij mlds }kjk ewyr% /k`r xkVksa dk Fkk( vkSj ¼N½ çR;sd [kkrsnkj dks] ;FkklEHko] ledks.k fuekZ.k dVdksa esa ledks.k fuekZ.k dh çfØ;k ds vuqdwy pd çfn”V fd;s tk;saA ¼t½ LoSfPNd pdcUnh ds fl}kUrksa dk vuqqlj.k fd;k tk;sxk ,oa /kkjk 13] 16 o /kkjk 19 ds vuq:i LoSfPNd pdcUnh ds fy, fu/kkZfjr ‘krksaZ dk vuqikyu fd;k tk;sxkA ¼2½ dksbZ Hkh pdcUnh&;kstuk] /kkjk 16 ds v/khu mls vfUre :i fn;s tkus ds iwoZ /kkjk 13 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj çkjfEHkd :i ls rS;kj dh tk,xhA lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh }kjk çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk dk rS;kj fd;k tkuk 13 d ¼1½ lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh pdcUnh&lfefr ds ijke’kZ ls] fu;r vkdkj esa] dVd ds fy, çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk rS;kj djsxkA ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e esa ;k mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 ¼mÙkj çns’k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1 lu~ 1951½ ;k rRle; çpfyr fdlh vU; fof/k esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds fy,] tgk¡ mldh jk; esa ,slk djuk vko’;d ;k lehphu gks] fof/klaxr gksxk fd og ewY;kadu djus ds i'pkr~ dksbZ Hkwfe tks jkT; ljdkj dh gks ;k dksbZ Hkh Hkwfe] tks 1950 bZŒ ds mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 117 ;k 117&d ds v/khu tkjh dh xbZ vf/klwpuk ds QyLo:i xk¡o lHkk ;k fdlh vU; LFkkuh; çkf/kdkjh esa fufgr gks] fdlh Hkh [kkrsnkj dks çfn”V djs] ijUrq ;g fd ;fn ,slh dksbZ Hkwfe lkoZtfud ç;kstu ds fy, ç;qDr dh tkrh gks] rks og Hkwfe lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh }kjk fyf[kr :i esa ;g ç[;kiu djus ds i'pkr~ gh çfn”V dh tk,xh] fd lkoZtfud rFkk leLr O;fDr&fo’ks”kksa ds ml Hkwfe esa ;k ml ij vf/kdkjksa dks fdlh vU; Hkwfe esa tks ç[;kiu esa fufnZ”V gks vkSj tks mDr ç;kstu ds fy, çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk esa fofufnZ”V gks] laØfer djus dk çLrko gSA çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk dk çdkf’kr fd;k tkuk vkSj mlds lEcU/k esa vkifÙk;k¡ çkIr djuk 14 ¼1½ çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk ds rS;kj gks tkus ij] lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh] lEc) [kkrsnkjksa vkSj LoRo j[kus okys O;fDr;ksa dks uksfVl Hkstsxk ;k fHktok;sxk] ftuesa mDr ;kstuk ls fy, x;s lEc) m)j.k fn;s gksaxsA rRi’pkr~ çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk dVd esa çdkf’kr dh tk,xhA ¼2½ /kkjk 11&d esa fn;s x;s mica/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] dksbZ O;fDr] ftls mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu uksfVl Hkstk x;k gks] vkSj çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk ls çHkkfor dksbZ vU; O;fDr] tks çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk ds bUnzktksa ;k mlls fy;s x;s m)j.kksa ds vkSfpR; ;k ‘kq)rk ij vkifÙk djs] ;FkkfLFkfr uksfVl dh çkfIr ds fnukad ls ;k çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk ds çdk’ku ds fnukad ls 45 fnu ds Hkhrj lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ;k pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds le{k vkifÙk çLrqr dj ldrk gSA ¼3½ dksbZ Hkh çHkkfor O;fDr vFkok dksbZ ,slk O;fDr ftls fdlh lkoZtfud Hkwfe esa ;k ml ij lkoZtfud ekxZ ds vf/kdkj ds vfrfjDr dksbZ LoRo ;k vf/kdkj çkIr gksa] ;k ,slk vU; LoRo ;k vf/kdkj çkIr gks ftl ij /kkjk 13&d dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fd;s x;s ç[;kiu ls Lor% çfrdwy çHkko iM+rk gks] çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk ds çdkf’kr gksus ds fnukad ls 45 fnu ds Hkhrj lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ;k pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds le{k] ;g crkrs gq,] vkifÙk çLrqr dj ldrk gS fd mDr LoRo ;k vf/kdkj fdl çdkj dk gSA çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk ij dh x;h vkifÙk;ksa dk fuLrkj.k 15 ¼1½ lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh }kjk çkIr leLr vkifÙk;k¡ rnFkZ fu;r dkykof/k dh lekfIr ds i'pkr~ mlds }kjk pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds ikl Hkst nh tk,xh tks fd ,rn~Ik’pkr~ O;ofLFkr jhfr ls lEc) Ik{kks rFkk pdcUnh&lfefr dks uksfVl nsus ds i'pkr~ mUgsa vkSj lkFk&gh&lkFk vius dks çkIr vkifÙk;ksa dks Hkh fuLrkfjr djsxkA ¼2½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dh vkKk ls {kqC/k gks] vkKk ds fnukad ls 45 fnu ds Hkhrj cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ ds le{k vihy çLrqr dj ldrk gS] ftldk bl lEcU/k esa fu.kZ;] flok; ml n’kk esa tcfd vf/kfu;e }kjk vFkok bl vf/kfu;e esa] vU;Fkk O;oLFkk gks] vfUre gksxkA ¼3½ vkifÙk;k¡ fu.khZr djus ls igys pdcUnh vf/kdkjh lEc) i{kksa rFkk pdcUnh&lfefr dks uksfVl nsus ds i'pkr~ fooknxzLr xkVksa dk LFkkuh; fujh{k.k djsxk rFkk cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ Hkh vihy fu.khZr djus ls igys ,slk dj ldrk gSA ¼4½ ;fn fdlh vkifÙk ds fuLrkj.k vFkok vihy dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku esa] ;FkkfLFkfr] pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ;k cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ dh ;g jk; gks fd] ;FkkfLFkfr] lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ ;k ckn esa pdcUnh vf/kdkjh }kjk ifj”d`r dh xbZ çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u ls cgqr ls [kkrsnkjksa ds lkFk lkjr% vU;k; gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] vkSj çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk dk iqujh{k.k fd;s fcuk vFkok ubZ çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u ls cgqr ls [kkrsnkjksa ds lkFk lkjr% vU;k; gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] vkSj çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk dk iqujh{k.k fd;s fcuk vFkok ubZ çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk rS;kj fd;s fcuk dVdksa ds [kkrsnkjksa dks Hkwfe dk Bhd vkSj mfpr çns’ku lEHko ugha gS] rks mu dkj.kksa ls] ftUgsa vfHkfyf[kr fd;k tk,xk& ¼,d½ pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds fy, ;g oS/k gksxk fd og lEc) [kkrsnkjksa dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr~ çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk dk iqujh{k.k djs vFkok mls ,sls funsZ’kksa lfgr] ftUgsa pdcUnh vf/kdkjh vko’;d le>sa] lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dks okil dj ns( vkSj ¼nks½ cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ ds fy, ;g oS/k gksxk fd og lEc) [kkrsnkjksa dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr~ çkjfEHkd pdcUnh ;kstuk dk iqujh{k.k djs vFkok mls lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ;k pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dks] tSlk cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ mfpr le>s] ,sls funsZ’kksa ds lkFk okil dj ns] ftUgsa og vko’;d le>saA çkjfEHkd pdcUnh ;kstuk dh iq”Vh rFkk çns’ku vkKkvksa dk tkjh fd;k tkuk 16 ¼1½ cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ çkjfEHkd pdcUnh ;kstuk dh iqf”V djsxk& ¼d½ ;fn /kkjk 14 esa fufnZ”V vof/k ds Hkhrj dksbZ vkifÙk;k¡ çLrqr u dh xbZ gksa( ;k ¼[k½ ;fn mDr vkifÙk;k¡ çLrqr dh xbZ gksa] rks ,sls ifj”dkjksa ;k ifjorZuksa ds i'pkr~ tks /kkjk 15 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ls ¼4½ rd ds v/khu nh x;h vkKkvksa dh ǹf”V esa j[krs gq, vko’;d gksA ¼2½ bl çdkj iqf”Vd`r çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk dVd esa çdkf’kr dh tk;xh rFkk bl vf/kfu;e esa vFkok blds v/khu dh xbZ vU;Fkk O;oLFkk ds v/khu jgrs gq, vfUre gksxhA ¼3½ ¼,d½ ;fn /kkjk 13¼1½ ds v/khu fd;s x;s çns’kuksa dks /kkjk 15 ds v/khu ifj”d̀r u fd;k tk; vkSj /kkjk 16 ds v/khu mudh iqf”V dj nh tk;] rks /kkjk 14 ds v/khu tkjh dh x;h uksfVl esa fn;s x;s m)j.kksa dks lEc) [kkrsnkjksa ds fy, bl vf/kfu;e }kjk vFkok blds v/khu dh xbZ O;oLFkk ds v/khu jgrs gq, vfUre le>k tk,xkA ¼nks½ [k.M ¼,d½ ds v/khu u vkus okys ekeyksa esa iqujhf{kr m)j.k ftuesa mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ;Fkk iqf”Vd̀r ifj”d`r çns’ku mfYyf[kr gksaxs& ¼d½ ;fn çns’ku cankscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ }kjk ifj”d̀r u fd;s x;s gksa] rks pdcUnh vf/kdkjh }kjk] vkSj ¼[k½ ;fn cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ us çns’kuksa dk ifj”dkj fd;k gks] rks muds }kjk tkjh fd;s tk;saxs] vkSj os lEc) [kkrsnkjksa ds fy, bl vf/kfu;e }kjk vFkok blds v/khu vU;Fkk dh xbZ O;oLFkk ds v/khu jgrs gq,] vfUre çns’ku vkKk,a gksaxhA ¼4½ /kkjk 13 esa LoSfPNd pdcUnh dh izkjfEHkd ;kstuk rS;kj gks tkus ds mijkUr pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ;k ,slk vU; led{k vf/kdkjh] tks blds fy, mi lapkyd pdcUnh }kjk izkf/kdr̀ fd;k x;k gks] izkjfEHkd ;kstuk ds vuq:i ,d Hkwfe/kj dh Hkwfe dk nwljs Hkwfe/kj dh Hkwfe ls fofue; dh vuqKk tkjh djsxkA bld vfrfjDr og ,d [kkrsnkj }kjk nwljs [kkrsnkj dks fn;s tkus okys nku ;k migkj dks Hkh ntZ djsxkA ;fn dksbZ [kkrsnkj lkoZtfud mi;ksx ds fy, nku ;k migkj Lo:i Hkwfe nsuk pkgrk gS rks mls rn~uqlkj ntZ djsxkA fofue; dh ,slh lHkh vuqKk;sa rFkk nku o migkj ds lHkh ekeyksa esa vkns’k ntZ gks tkus ds mijkUr LoSfPNd pdcUnh ;kstuk dks vfUre :i fn;k tk;sxkA v/;k; pkj ;kstuk dk ykxw fd;k tkuk dCtk djus vkSj isM+ksa vkfn ds fy, çfrdj dk nkf;Ro 17 ¼1½ cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ og fnukad fuf’pr djsxk tks dVd esa vf/klwfpr gksxk] rFkk ftl fnukad ls vfUre pdcUnh ;kstuk çpfyr gksxh] mDr fnukad dks vFkok mlds i'pkr~ [kkrsnkjksa dks çfn”V xkVksa ij dCtk djus dk vf/kdkj gksxkA ¼2½ vfUre ds dk;kZUo;u ds vuqlj.k esa mldh çfn”V xkVksa esa fLFkr isM+ksa] dqvksa rFkk vU; leqUufr;ksa dks ikus okyk çR;sd [kkrsnkj dCtk ikus ds fnukad ls mlds HkwriwoZ [kkrsnkj dks isM+ks] dqvksa rFkk vU; leqUufr;ksa ds fy,] tks mls çfn”V dh x;h gksa] ogk¡ iwoZ&O;ofLFkr jhfr ls vo/kkfjr çfrdj dk nsunkj gksxk vkSj nsxkA u;s eky&vfHkys[k 18 ¼1½ vfUre pdcUnh ;kstuk ds çpfyr gksus ds i'pkr~ ;FkklEHko ‘kh?kz ftyk mi&lapkyd] pdcUnh] /kkjk 7 ds v/khu ;Fkkla’kksf/kr uD’kksa] [kljk&pdcUnh rFkk /kkjk 10 ds v/khu rS;kj fd;s x;s okf”kZd jftLVj ds bUnzktksa vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj vfUre :i ls nh xbZ rFkk tkjh dh x;h çns’ku&vkKkvksa ds vk/kkj ij çR;sd xk¡o ds fy, pdcUnh&{ks= dk u;k uD’kk] [kljk rFkk vf/kdkj&vfHkys[k rS;kj djk,xkA mDr uD’kksa vkSj vfHkys[kksa dks rS;kj djus esa mŒ çŒ Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 ¼mŒ çŒ vf/kfu;e laŒ 3 lu~ 1901½ ds mica/kksa dk ,sls ifj”dkjksa rFkk ifjorZuksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tks fu;r fd;s tk,a] vuqlj.k fd;k tk,xkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj rS;kj fd;s x;s vf/kdkj&vfHkys[kksa dh lHkh çfof”V;k¡ Bhd ekuh tk;saxh tc rd muds fo:) çekf.kr u dj fn;k tk,A ¼3½ /kkjk 37 ¼d½ds v/khu vf/klwpuk tkjh gksus ds i'pkr~ dysDVj vius }kjk igys ls j[kk tkus okyk uD’kk] [kljk rFkk vf/kdkj&vfHkys[k ds LFkku ij mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds çko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj rS;kj fd;k x;k uD’kk] [kljk rFkk vf/kdkj&vfHkys[k j[ksxk vkSj mŒ çŒ Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 ds micU/k ,sls uD’ks] [kljk vkSj vf/kdkj&vfHkys[k ds j[ks tkus vkSj ‘kq) fd;s tkus ds lEcU/k esa ;Fkko’;d ifjorZuksa ds lkFk ykxw gksaxsA dCtk fnykuk 19 ¼1½ lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh] ,sls [kkrsnkj ;k Hkwfe çcU/kd lfefr ds çkFkZuk&i= ij] ftls vfUre pdcUnh ;kstuk ds vUrxZr pd ;k Hkwfe;k¡ çfn”V dh xbZ gks vkSj tgk¡ dksbZ Hkwfe jkT; ljdkj dks çfn”V dh x;h gks] ogk¡ jkT; ljdkj ds fdlh çkFkZuk&i= ds fcuk ml fnukad ls] tc mDr ;kstuk çpfyr gqbZ gks] Ng ekl ds Hkhrj] ;FkkfLFkfr] [kkrsnkj ;k Hkwfe çcU/kd lfefr ;k jkT; ljdkj dks çfn”V pd ;k Hkwfe dk okLrfod dCtk fnyk;sxkA vkSj ,slk djus esa mls os lHkh vf/kdkj] ftuesa voeku] çfrjks/k rFkk ,slh vU; ckrksa ds lEcU/k esa vf/kdkj Hkh gSa] çkIr gksaxs ftudk ç;ksx vpy lEifÙk ij dCtk fnykus dh fMØh ds fu”iknu esa nhokuh U;k;ky; dj ldrs gSa( ijUrq ;g fd tc rd fd lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh mu dkj.kksa ls] tks vfHkfyf[kr fd;s tk;sas ;g fu.kZ; u djs fd Qly ij Hkh dCtk fnyk;k tk;sxk] mi;qZDr çdkj ls dCts dk fnyk;k tkuk mDr O;fDr ds] ftlls dCtk loafer fd;k x;k gks] dCtk fnykus ds fnukad ij mDr pd ;k Hkwfe;ksa ;k muds Hkkx ij [kM+h Qlyksa dks ikyus&ikslus vkSj mUgsa ,d= djus ds vf/kdkj ij çHkko u iM+sxk( ijUrq ;g vkSj fd tc dksbZ O;fDr çFke çfrcU/kkRed [k.M ds vuqlkj [kM+h Qlyksa dk ikyu&iks”k.k djs rFkk mls ,d= djs rks og ml O;fDr dks ftls pd ;k Hkwfe;k¡ çfn”V dh xbZ gksa] Hkwfe ds ç;ksx ds fy, ,slh nj ij vkSj ,slh jhfr ls çfrdj nsxk] tks fu;r dh tk,A ¼2½ ftl fnukad dks [kkrsnkj ;k Hkwfe çcU/kd lfefr] ;k jkT; ljdkj] çfn”V pd ;k Hkwfe;ksa ij dCtk djus dh gdnkj gks xbZ gks] pkgs mÙkj çns’k tksr pdcUnh ¼la’kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1962 ds çpfyr gksus ds iwoZ gks ;k mlds i'pkr~ mlds N% eghus lekIr gks tkus ij ;k mDr vf/kfu;e ds çpfyr gksus ds fnukad ls N% eghus lekIr gks tkus ij] tks Hkh fnukad ckn esa iM+s] ;FkkfLFkfr] [kkrsnkj ;k Hkwfe çcU/kd lfefr ;k jkT; ljdkj lEcU/k esa] tc rd dCtk igys ls gh u dj fy;k x;k gks] ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus çfn”V pd ;k Hkwfe;ksa ij okLrfod :i ls dCtk dj fy;k gS% ijUrq ;g fd ;g rF; fd [kkrsnkj ;k Hkwwfe çcU/kd lfefr ;k jkT; ljdkj us bl çdkj dCtk dj fy;k gS vkSj ml O;fDr ds] ftlls dCtk loafer fd;k x;k le>k tk,] mi;qZDr N% eghus dh vof/k lekIr gks tkus ds fnukad dks ,sls pd ;k Hkwfe;ka vFkok mlds Hkkx ij [kM+h Qly dks ikyus&ikslus vkSj mls ,d= djus ds vf/kdkj ij çHkko u MkysxkA çfrdj 20- ¼1½ ;fn /kkjk 19 ds v/khu [kM+h Qlyksa ij Hkh dCtk fnyk;k tk;] rks lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ml Hkwfe ds [kkrsnkj }kjk] ftls dCtk fnyk;k x;k gks] ,slh Qlyksa ds lEcU/k esa ns; çfrdkj dks fu;r jhfr ls vo/kkfjr djsxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkKk ls {kqC/k dksbZ O;fDr] vkKk ds fnukad ls 15 fnu Hkhrj] pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds le{k vihy çLrqr dj ldrk gS ftl ij mldk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxkA çfrdj dh olwyh 20d ¼1½ tc dksbZ [kkrsnkj] ftlls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu çfrdj dh olwyh gksuk gks rnFkZ fu;r vof/k ds Hkhrj çfrdj u ns] rks mlds ikus dk vf/kdkjh O;fDr olwyh ds fy, mls miyC/k vU; fdlh lk/ku ds lkFk&lkFk dysDVj dks ,slh vof/k ds Hkhrj] tks fu;r dks tk;] bl vk’k; dk çkFkZuk&i= ns ldrk gS fd mldh vksj ls çkIr /kujkf’k ljdkj dks ns; ekyxqtkjh dh cdk;k dh Hkk¡fr olwy dh tk,A ¼2½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ns; çfrdj /kkjk 17 vFkok /kkjk 19 ds v/khu tSlh Hkh fLFkfr gks] dCtk ikus] ds fnukad ls rhu eghus ds Hkhrj iw.kZr% ;k va’kr% vnk u fd;k x;k gks] rks ,slh /kujkf’k ij] tks bl çdkj vnk dh xbZ gks] N%çfr’kr çfro”kZ dh nj ls C;kt fy;k tk;sxkA lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa ds fufeÙk Hkwfe fn;s tkus ds dkj.k ekyxqtkjh esa deh 20&[k ¼1½ ;fn /kkjk 8&d ds micU/kksa ds v/khu lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa ds fufeÙk va’knku esa Hkwfe fn;s tkus ds QyLo:i [kkrsnkj dh ewy tksr dk {ks=Qy de gks tk;] rks mDr tksr ds fy, ns; ekyxqtkjh] lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh }kjk ml vuqikr esa de dj nh tk;xh tks va’knku ds :i esa fn;s x;s {ks= dk mDr tksr ds dqN {ks=Qy ls gks vkSj de gqbZ ekyxqtkjh çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk esa fn[kkbZ tk;sxhA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dh xbZ deh ls {kqC/k dksbZ [kkrsnkj /kkjk 14 ds v/khu çkjfEHkd pdcUnh&;kstuk ds çdk’ku ds fnukad ls 45 fnu ds Hkhrj 1950 bZŒ ds tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj ekyxqtkjh esa deh vo/kkfjr fd;s tkus ds fy, lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds le{k vkifÙk çLrqr dj ldrk gSA lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa ds fufeÙk [kkrsnkj }kjk nh x;h Hkwfe ds fy, çfrdj 20x ¼1½¼d½ çR;sd [kkrsnkj dks] ftldh tksr dk dksbZ Hkkx bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa ds fy, fn;k x;k gks] bl çdkj nh xbZ Hkwfe ds fy, çfrdj fn;k tk;sxk tks /kkjk 29&d ds v/khu de dh xbZ ekyxqtkjh dk& ¼,d½ varj.kh; vf/kdkj okys Hkwfe/kj] dh Hkwfe ds fo”k; esa pkj xquk( vkSj ¼nks½ vuUrj.kh; vf/kdkj okys Hkwfe/kj] dh Hkwfe ds fo”k; esa nks xquk gksxkA ¼[k½ bl çdkj nh x;h Hkwfe ds Hkhrj iM+us okys isM+ks] dqvksa rFkk vU; leqUufr;ksa ds fo”k; esa çfrdj dh /kujkf’k /kkjk 13 ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj vo/kkfjr dh tk;sxhA ¼2½ fdlh [kkrsnkj dks ns; çfrdj dk Hkqxrku] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fØ;k&lEcU/kh O;; dks] ;fn dksbZ gks] dkVus ds i'pkr~ udnh esa fd;k tk;sxkA ¼3½ tc dksbZ Hkwfe] ftlds lEcU/k esa mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu çfrdj dk Hkqxrku fd;k tk;] fdlh vklkeh ds dCts esa gks] rks ;FkkfLFkfr varj.kh; vf/kdkj okys Hkwfe/kj vFkok vuarj.kh; vf/kdkj okys Hkwfe/kj] dks ns; çfrdj esa ls mldk 5 çfr’kr vlkeh dks] ml Hkwfe esa mlds vf/kdkj] vkxe rFkk LoRo ds lEcU/k esa fn;k tk;sxkA lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa ds fufeÙk nh xbZ Hkwfe dk fufgr gksuk 20&Ä ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa ds fufeÙk nh xbZ Hkwfe] ftlesa [kkrsnkjks }kjk nku ;k migkj esa nh x;h Hkwfe lfEefyr gS] ml fnukad ls tc [kkrsnkj le;&le; ij ;Fkkla’kksf/kr bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds v/khu mUgsa çfn”V pdksa ij dCtk djus ds gdnkj gq, gksa] fdlh ,sls {ks= esa ftleas mŒ çŒ tehankjh fouk’k ,oa Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 dh /kkjk 117 ykxw gksrh gks xk¡o lHkk esa] vkSj fdlh vU; {ks= esa jkT; ljdkj esa fufgr gksxh vkSj lnSo fufgr gqbZ le>h tk;xh vkSj ml ç;kstu ds fy, ç;qDr gksxh] ftlds fy, og vfUre pdcUnh&;kstuk gksxh] tks fu;r fd;s tk;saA ¼2½ mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 ¼mŒ çŒ vf/kfu;e laŒ 1 lu~ 1951½ /kkjk 117 ds micU/k vko’;d ifjorZuksa ds lkFk xk¡o lHkk esa fufgr] ,slh Hkwfe ij ykxw gksaxs ekuksa fd ,slh Hkwfe mDr /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu jkT;&ljdkj }kjk dh xbZ ?kks”k.kk ds vk/kkj ij xkao lHkk esa fufgr gks xbZ Fkh vkSj ekuksa fd ?kks”k.kk bl /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ eas fufnZ”V mi;ksfxrk dh ‘krksZa ds v/khu jgrs gq, dh xbZ FkhA os ifj.kke tks dCtk cnyus ij gksaxs 21 ml fnukad ls tc bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj dksbZ [kkrsnkj vius dks çfn”V pd ij] dCtk djrk gS ;k ftlds lEcU/k eas ;g le>k tk;s fd dCtk dj fy;k gS( fuEufyf[kr ifj.kke gksaxs& ¼d½ fuEufyf[kr ds vf/kdkj] vkxe] LoRo vkSj nkf;Ro viuh&viuh ewy tksrksa esa lekIr gks tk;saxs& ¼,d½ og [kkrsnkj] tks dCtk djs ;k ftlds lEcU/k esa ;g le>k tk; fd mlus dCtk dj fy;k gS] vkSj ¼nks½ pd esa lfEefyr xkVksa dk iwoZorhZ [kkrsnkj( vkSj ¼[k½ ml [kkrsnkj ds] tks dCtk djs ;k ftlds lEcU/k esa ;g le>k tk; fd dCtk dj fy;k gS] vius pd esa ogh vf/kdkj] vkxe] LoRo vkSj nkf;Ro gksaxs tks mldh viuh ewy tksr esa Fks vkSj mls ,sls futh L=ksr ls] tc rd fd og L=ksr fo|eku jgs] flapkbZ dh og vU; lqfo/kk,a Hkh çkIr jgsaxh] tks pd esa lfEefyr xkVksa ds iwoZorhZ [kkrsnkj dks mu xkVksa ds lEcU/k esa çkIr Fkha( ¼x½ mu Hkwfe;ksa ds lEcU/k esa tks xkao lHkk ;k fdlh LFkkuh; çkf/kdkjh ea fufgr gksa vkSj tks [kkrsnkj dks çfn”V dh x;h gksa] ;g le>k tk,xk fd os jkT;&ljdkj }kjk ds mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k rFkk Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 dh] ;FkkfLFkfr] /kkjk 117 ;k /kkjk 117&d ds micU/kksa ds v/khu okil ys yh x;h gS vkSj mudk cUnkscLr [kkrsnkj ds lkFk ldj fn;k x;k gS( ¼?k½ /kkjk 13&d dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds çfrcU/kkRed [k.M ds v/khu fd;s x;s ç[;kiu ds ckn] pd esa lfEefyr Hkwfe esa ;k Hkwfe ij tu&lk/kkj.k rFkk lHkh O;fDr&fo’ks”kksa ds vf/kdkj lekIr gks tk;saxs vkSj os vfUre pdcUnh&;kstuk eas bl ç;kstu ds fy, fufnZ”V Hkwfe esa l̀ftr gks tk;ssaxs( vkSj ¼M-½ ml [kkrsnkj dh( tks dCtk djs ;k ftlds lEcU/k esa ;g le>k tk, fd mlus dCtk dj fy;k gS] ewy tksr mi Hkkj] ;fn dksbZ gks] pkgs og iV~Vk] cU/kd ;k vU; fdlh :i esa gks] ml tksr ds lEcU/k esa lekIr gks tk;xk vkSj og mu tksrksaa ij ;k muds ,sls Hkkxksa ij gks tk;sxk tks vfUre pdcUnh&;kstuk eas mls fufnZ”V fd;k tk,A [kkrk ladzfer djus dk vf/kdkj 22- mŒ çŒ Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 vkSj 1950 bZŒ ds mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e esa fdlh ckr ds gksr gq, Hkh] [kkrsnkjksa dk viuh tksrksa esa vf/kdkj] vkxe] LoRo vkSj nkf;Roksa dk ,slk laØe.k] pkgs og fofue; }kjk gks ;k vU; çdkj ls] tks mUgsa çHkkfor djus okyh vfUre pdcUnh&;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u esa vUrxzZLr gks] oS/k gksxk vkSj fdlh [kkrsnkj ;k vU; O;fDr dks ,sls laØe.k ij vkifÙk djus vFkok mlesa gLr{ksi djus dk vf/kdkj u gksxkA O;; 23 ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu lapkfyr fØ;kvksa dk O;; dh jde fuf’pr djsxh vkSj dVd ds [kkrsnkj ls mldk ,slk Hkkx vkSj ,slh jhfr ls olwy djsxh tks fu;r dh tk;A ¼2½ ;fn jkT; ljdkj fu.kZ; djs] rks og vkKk ns ldrh gS fd mDr fØ;kvksa ds O;; dh çFke fd’r ds :i esa dksbZ fufnZ”V /kujkf’k fu;r jhfr ls vfxze olwy dh tk,A ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu O;;] ns; /kujkf’k ekyxqtkjh dh cdk;k dh Hkkafr olwy dh tk,xhA v/;k; 5 çdh.kZ lkf{k;ksa dks mifLFkr djkus rFkk vU; fo”k;ksa ds vf/kdkj 24- fuEufyf[kr fo”k;ksa ds lEcU/k eas pdcUnh lapkyd]mi&lapkyd pdcUnh] cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½] pdcUnh&vf/kdkjh vkSj lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dks ,sls lc vf/kdkj vkSj fo’ks”kkf/kdkj çkIr gksaxs] tks fdlh O;ogkj esa fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa ds lEcU/k esa nhokuh U;k;ky; dks çkIr gSa& ¼d½ lkf{k;ksa dks mifLFkr djkuk vkSj mudks ‘kiFk nsdj] çfrKku djkus ;k vU; çdkj ls muds c;ku ysuk vkSj fons’kkLFk lkf{k;ksa dk c;ku ysus ds fy, deh’ku ;k fuonsu&i= tkjh djuk( ¼[k½ fdlh dks dksbZ ys[; çLrqr djus dks ck/; djuk( ¼x½ mieku ds fy, yksxksa dks n.M nsuk vkSj fdlh Hkh O;ogkj esa lkf{k;ksa dks mifLFkr vkSj ys[;ksa dks çLrqr djkus ds fy, nhokuh&U;k;ky; }kjk tkjh fd;s tk ldus okys fdlh Hkh çlj ds LFkku ij ,sls vf/kdkjh }kjk gLrk{kj fd;k gqvk lEeu Hkstk tk ldrk gS vkSj og mDr çlj ds cjkcj gh le>k tk;sxkA ys[; bR;kfn çLrqr djkus dk vf/kdkj 25 ¼1½ fu;r fd;s tkus okys çfrcU/kksa ;k fujks/kksa dks ckf/kr u djrs gq, pdcUnh lapkyd] mi&lapkyd pdcUnh] cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½] pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ;k lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh fyf[kr vkKk }kjk fdlh O;fDr dks vkns’k ns ldrs gSa fd og ,sls ys[;] i= vkSj jftLVj çLrqr djs ;k ,slh lwpuk ns ftls os bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vius vf/kdkjkssa dk mfpr ç;ksx ;k drZO;ksa dk mfpr ikyu djus ds fy, vko’;d le>sA ¼2½ çR;sd ,sls O;fDr ds lEcU/k esa] ftls bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ ys[;] i= ;k jftLVj çLrqr djus ;k dksbZ lwpuk nsus dk vkns’k fn;k x;k gks] ;g le>k tk;sxk fd og Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 175 ,oa 176 ds vFkZ esa fof/kr% ,slk djus dks ck/; gSA pdcanh lapkyd] mi lapkyd pdcUnh] cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½] pdcUnh vf/kdkjh rFkk lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds lkeus dk;Zokfg;ksa dk U;kf;d dk;Zokgh ekuk tkuk 26 fdlh pdcUnh lapkyd] mi&lapkyd pdcUnh] cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh pdcUnh] pdcUnh vf/kdkjh rFkk lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds lkeus gksus okyh dk;Zokgh ds lEcU/k esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd og Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 193 vkSj 228 ds vFkZ esa vkSj /kkjk 196 ds ç;kstuksa ds fy, U;kf;d dk;Zokgh gS pdcUnh izkf/kdkfj;ksa ‘kfDr;ka 26d pdcUnh izkf/kdkfj;ks dks lh0vkj0 ih0 lh0 dh Ëkkjk 1 ls 11 ds chp lekfgr ‘kfDr;ks ds vuq:Ik efTkLVªsV dh ‘kfDr;kW iznr gksxhA 26 [k /kks[kk ds vk/kkj ij vkns’k dks pqukSrh& ;fn pdcUnh U;k;ky; ;k mlds le{k fopkjk/khu fdlh okn ;k dk;Zokgh ds i{kdkj dks /kks[kk nsdj dksbZ vkns’k ikfjr djk fy;k tkrk gS rks ,sls vkns’k dks ;g dgdj pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gS fd iz’uxr vkns’k U;k;ky; ;k i{kdkj dks /kks[kk nsdj djk;k x;k gS] ysfdu bl izdkj dh dk;Zokgh esa fdlh i{kdkj }kjk fd;s x;s /kks[ks dks lkfcr djus ds fy, lqlaxr lk{; dks izLrqr djuk t:jh gSa dsoy lEHkkouk ds vk/kkj ij /kks[ks dh nyhy ij fo’okl ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 26x /kks[kk ;k Hkzkar dFku ds vk/kkj ij ikfjr vkns’k pdcUnh U;k;ky; Lo;a vikLr djus dk vfËkdkj & ;fn dksbZ O;fDr U;k;ky; dks /kks[kk nsdj ;k HkzkUr dFku ds vk/kkj ij dksbZ vkns’k ikfjr djok ysrk gS rks U;k;ky; lgh rF;ksa dh tkudkjh gksus ij bl izdkj ikfjr vkns’k dks Lo;a ;k fdlh {kqC/k O;fDr ds izkFkZuk&i= ij vikLr dj ldrk gSA ,sls ekeyksa esa pdcUnh izkf/kdkjh flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 dh /kkjk 151 ds v/khu O;ofLFkr vUrfufgZr ‘kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSA /kks[kk nsdj ikfjr djk;s x;s vkns’k dks vikLr djkus ds fy, izkFkZuk&i= izLrqr djus ds fy, dksbZ ifjlhek fu;r ugha dh xbZ gSA dksbZ Hkhg {kqC/k O;fDr Hkys gh og lacaf/kr dk;Zokgh esa i{kdkj u gks] ,sls vkns”k ls voxr gksus ij leqfpr le; ds vUnj izkFkZuk&i= izLrqr dj ldrk gSA mŒ çŒ Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 dk ykxw fd;k tkuk 27 tc rd fd bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k mlds v/khu vU; çdkj dh Li”V O;oLFkk u dh xbZ gks] mŒ çŒ Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 ds v/;k; ukS rFkk nl ds micU/k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu lc dk;Zokfg;ksa ij ykxw gksaxs] ftuds vUrxZr vihy vkSj vkosnu&i= Hkh gSaA ‘kiFk&i= 27d bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh dk;Zokgh esa] ftlds vUrxZr dksbZ vihy ;k iqujh{k.k Hkh gS] çLrqr fd;s tkus okys ‘kiFk&i= mlh jhfr ls vkSj mUgha vis{kkvksa ds vuq:i fn;s tk;saxs tSls fd flfoy çfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 ds v/khu dksbZ ‘kiFk&i= fn;k tkrk gS vkSj mldk lR;kiu mDr lafgrk dh /kkjk 139 ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu mPp U;k;ky; }kjk fu;qDr fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k vU; O;fDr }kjk vFkok [k.M ¼x½ ds v/khu fdlh vU; U;k;ky; }kjk fu;qDr vf/kdkjh }kjk fd;k tk ldsxkA vf/kdkjh vkSj çkf/kdkjh 28 ¼1½ jkT;&ljdkj ,sls {ks=ksa esa ,sls çkf/kdkjh rFkk vf/kdkjh fu;qDr dj ldrh gS] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy, vko’;d gksaA ¼2½ ftyk mi&lapkyd pdcUnh ,sls funsZ’kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tks le;&le; ij pdcUnh&lapkyd }kjk tkjh fd;s tk,a] pdcUnh&ys[kikyksas] pdcUnhdrkZvksa rFkk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ftys ds fy, fu;qDr vU; çkf/kdkfj;ksa ds {ksrzks dk ifjPNsnu dj ldrk gSA fyfid rFkk x.kuk lEcU/kh Hkwyksa dh ‘kqf) 28d rRle; çpfyr fdlh fof/k esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh ;fn pdcUnh vf/kdkjh vFkok cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ dks ;g larks”k gks tk; fd bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh mica/k ds v/khu rS;kj fd;s x;s fdlh ys[; esa dksbZ fyfid ;k x.kuk lEcU/kh Hkwy çR;{k gS] rks og ;k rks Lor% ;k LoRo j[kus okys fdlh O;fDr ds çkFkZuki= ij mldks ‘kq) dj nsxkA çfrfu/kk;u 29 jkT; ljdkj xtV esa vf/klwpuk }kjk vkSj vf/klwpuk esa fofufnZ”V fd;s tkus okys fujks/kksa vkSj çfrca/kksa ds v/;/khu % ¼,d½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu mls çnÙk dksbZ vf/kdkj fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k çkf/kdkjh dks lkSai ldrh gS( ¼nks½ bl vf/kfu;e vFkok rn~UrxZr cuh fu;ekoyh ds v/khu pdcUnh lapkyd] mi&lapkyd pdcUnh] cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½] pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ds vf/kdkjksa dks fdlh vf/kdkjh vFkok çkf/kdkjh dks çnku dj ldrk gSA mPprj çkf/kdkjh }kjk v/khuLFk çkf/kdkjh ds vf/kdkjksa 29&d tc bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vFkok rn~UrxZr cuh fu;ekoyh ds v/khu fdlh çkf/kdkjh dks vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx ;k dÙkZO;ksa dk ikyu djuk gks] rks ,sls vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx mlls mPpj çkf/kdkjh }kjk Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA dk ç;ksx ekiu rFkk ifjPNsn ds ç;kstuksa ds fy, Hkwfe ij ços’k djus dk vf/kdkfj;ksa dk vf/kdkj 30 bl vf/kfu;e esa mfYyf[kr vf/kdkjh ;k mudh vkKkvksa ds v/khu dk;Z djus okys dksbZ O;fDr ;k muesa ls dksbZ ,d bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh dÙkZO; ds ikyu esa Hkwfe ij ços’k dj ldrk gS] mldk ekiu dj ldrk gS] ml ij ekiu ds fpà cuk ldrk gS rFkk mldh lhekvksa dk ifjPNsn dj ldrk gS vkSj vU; ,sls dk;Z dj ldrk gS tks ml dÙkZO; dk mfpr ikyu djus ds fy, vko’;d gksA /kkjk 4 ds çko/kkuksa dk mYya?ku djus dk n.M 30d ¼1½ tks O;fDr /kkjk 4¼[k½ ds çko/kkuksa dk mYya?ku djsxk] og fdlh leFkZ U;k;ky; }kjk nks”kfl) ik;s tkus ij] ,sls tqekZus dk Hkkxh gksxk tks 1]000 #Œ ls vf/kd u gksA ¼2½ rRle; çpfyr fdlh vU; fof/k esa dksbZ çfrdwy ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh /kkjk 4 ds çko/kkuksa ds çfrdwy laØe.k oS/k vFkok ekU; u gksxkA ekiu ;k lhek] ds fpàksa dks u”V djus] gkfu igq¡pkus vFkok gVkus ds lEcU/k esa n.M 31 ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fof/kd :i ls fufeZr fdlh ekiu fpà dks fcuk fof/kd vf/kdkj ds tku&cw>dj u”V djs ;k gkfu igq¡pk;s ;k gVk;s rks pdcUnh vf/kdkjh mls çfrdj dh ,slh /kujkf’k ds Hkqxrku djus dk vkns’k ns ldrk gS] tks bl çdkj ls u”V fd;s x;s] gkfu igq¡pk;s x;s vFkok gVk;s x;s çR;sd fpà ds fy, 1000 :0 ls vf/kd u gksxh vkSj tks ml vf/kdkjh ds erkuqlkj mDr fpà dks iwoZ fn’kk esa ykus ds O;; dks iwjk djus rFkk ml O;fDr dks] ;fn dksbZ gks] ftlus u”V fd;s tkus] gkfu igqapk;s tkus dh lwpuk nh gks] ikfjrksf”kd nsus ds fy, vko’;d gksA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu çfrdj nsus ds fy, nh xbZ dksbZ vkKk Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 434 ds v/khu vfHk;kstu esa ck/kd u gksxhA vf/kfu;e }kjk Lohdr̀ dh tkus okyh vihysa vkfn 32 bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu tkjh dh xbZ fdlh vkKk ds fo:) vihy ;k iqujh{k.k ds fufeÙk vkosnu&i= u çLrqr fd;k tk ldsxk] tc rd fd bl lEcU/k esa bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;k mlds }kjk dksbZ O;oLFkk u dh xbZ gksA iqujh{k.k vkSj vfHkns’k 33 ¼1½ pdcUnh lapkyd fdlh v/khuLFk çkf/kdkjh }kjk fu.khZr fdlh ekeys ;k dh xbZ fdlh dk;Zokgh dk vfHkys[k ml dk;Zokgh dh fu;ferrk ds fo”k; esa ;k ml ekeysa vFkok dk;Zokgh esa ml çkf/kdkjh }kjk nh xbZ vUrorhZ vkKk ls fHkUu fdlh vkKk dh ‘kq)rk] oS/krk ;k vkSfpR; ds fo”k; esa viuk lek/kku djus ds ç;kstu ls eaxk ldrk gS vkSj mldh tk¡p dj ldrk gS vkSj lEc) i{ks dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr~ ml ekeys ;k dk;Zokgh esa ,slh vkKk ns ldrk gS tks og mfpr le>sA ¼2½ pdcUnh lapky;d }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu vfHkns’k fd;s tkus ij Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA ¼3½ pdcUnh lapkyd ds v/khuLFk dksbZ çkf/kdkjh] lEc) i{ks dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr~ fdlh ekeys ;k dk;Zokgh dk vfHkys[k mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dk;Zokgh ds fy, pdcUnh lapkyd dks vfHkfn”V dj ldrk gSA Li”Vhdj.k ¼1½& bl /kkjk ds ç;kstuksa ds fy, cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½] pdcUnh vf/kdkjh] lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh] pdcUnhdrkZ vkSj pdcUnh&ys[kiky] pdcUnh lapkyd ds v/khu gksaxsA Li”Vhdj.k ¼2½& bl /kkjk ds ç;kstuksa ds fy, ‘kCn ^vUrorhZ vkns’k* dk vFkZ fdlh ekeys ;k dk;Zokgh ds lEcU/k esa ,slk vkns’k gksxk tks fd ,sls ekeys ;k dk;Zokgh vFkok mlls lkaikf’Zod fdlh ,sls fo”k; dk fofu’p; djsa] ftldk çHkko ,sls ekeys ;k dk;Zokgh ds vfUre fuLrkj.k dk u gksA Li”Vhdj.k ¼3½ & bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh vkns’k dh ‘kq)rk] oS/krk ;k vkSfpR; ds ifj{k.k djus ds vf/kdkj esa dksbZ fu.kZ;] pkgs og fdlh v/khuLFk çkf/kdkjh }kjk vfHkfyf[kr rF; dk gks ;k fof/k dk gks] lfEefyr gS vksj blesa fdlh ekSf[kd ;k nLrkosth lk{; dk iqufoZospu djus dk vf/kdkj Hkh lfEefyr gSA fu”Økar lEifÙk ds lEcU/k esa fo’ks”k micU/k 33d ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds iwoZorÊ mica/kksa esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh& ¼d½ fu”ØkUr lEifÙk ç’kklu vf/kfu;e] 1950 ds mica/kksa ds v/khu fu”Økar lEifÙk ds dLVksfM;u ¼ftUgsa ;gka vkxs pydj bl /kkjk esa dLVksfM;u dgk x;k gS½ esa fu”Økar lEifÙk ds :Ik esa fufgr fdlh Hkwfe ds vkJ; ds lEcU/k esa mlds fu.kZ; ij bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dksbZ vf/kdkjh vFkok çkf/kdkjh u rks vk{ksi djsxk vksj u mls ifjofrZr vFkok O;frØkar djsxk( vkSj ¼[k½ bl vf/kfu;e esa fdlh ckr dk ;g vFkZ u gksxk] ftlesa dLVksfM;u fdlh Hkwfe ds lEcU/k esa ,slh dk;Zokgh dks] tks mlds le{k bl vf/kfu;e ds ,sls micU/kksa ds çpfyr gksus ds fnukad ij] ftlds v/khu Hkwfe ds vkxe ls lEc) dk;Zokfg;k¡ :duh pkfg,] fopkj/khu gks] jksd lds vFkok ftlls pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ;k vU; fdlh çkf/kdkjh ;k vf/kdkjh dks ,sls vf/kdkj çkIr gksa ftlds vuqlkj vDr fnukad ij dLVksfM;u ds le{k fopkjk/khu fdlh dk;Zokgh esa vUrxzLr Hkwfe ds lEcU/k esa vkxe ds ç’u dks vo/kkj.k ds fy, vfHkfn”V djsaA ¼2½ tc pdcUnh&fØ;kvksa ds QyLo:Ik fdlh xkao esa& ¼d½ fu”ØkUr lEifÙk ç’kklu vf/kfu;e] 1950 es mica/kks ds v/khu fu”Økar lEifÙk ds :Ik esa dLVksfM;u eas fufgr Hkwfe;k¡ mu tksrksa esa lfEefyr nh tk;sa tks dLVksfM;u esa fu”Økar lEifÙk ds :Ik esa fufgr u gkssa] rks ,slh pdcUnh ;kstuk ds çpyu ds fnukad ij vkSj mDr fnukad ls dLVksfM;u esa bl çdkj fufgr u jgsaxh vkSj rRi’pkr~ mDr vf/kfu;e ds micU/k esa çòÙk u jgsaxs( vkSj ¼[k½ ,slh Hkwfe;ksa ds cnys esa mlh çdkj dh Hkqfe;kW bu tksrsk esa lfEefyr dj nh tk;saxh tks dLVksfM;u esa fu”Økar lEifÙk ds :Ik eaS fufgr gksa vkSj ,slh Hkwfe;kW pdcUnh ;kstuk ds çpyu ds fnukad ls mi;qZDr vf/kfu;e ds rkRi;Z ds vUrxZr ç[;kfir fu”Økar lEifrÙk le>h tk;saxh vkSj dLVksfM;u esa fufgr gks tk;saxh vkSj rRi’pkr~ vDr vf/kfu;e ds micU/k ;FkklEHko muds lEcU/k esa gksaxsA dCts dk fofue; 33[k ¼1½ tc [kkrsnkjksa ds chp esa ftuds vUrxZr eaMy dh Hkwfe&çcU/kd lfefr Hkh gS /kkjk 33 ds v/khu ikfjr vkKkvksa ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik dCts ifjorZu vko’;d gks tk;] rks ,slh vkKkvksa ds vuqlkj muds }kjk vkil esa dCts dk fofue; fof/kiw.kZ gksxkA ¼2½ tc ikjLifjd le>kSrs }kjk dCts dk ifjorZu u gks lds] rd lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ,sls [kkrsnkjksa rFkk Hkwfe&çca/kd lfefr dks /kkjk 19 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj dCtk fnyk;sxkA nhokuh rFkk eky U;k;ky;ksa ds vf/k{ks= ij jksd 34 rRle; çpfyr vU; fof/k eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ,slh Hkwfe ds lecU/k es] tks ml {ks= esa iM+rh gks] ftlds fy, /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk tkjh dj nh x;h gks] [kkrsnkjksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk ç[;kiu rFkk fu.kZ; vFkok ,sls fdlh vU; vf/kdkjh dk fu.kZ; tks pdcUnh&dk;Zokfg;ksa ls mRiUu gks vksj ftlds lEcU/k esa bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dksbZ dk;Zokgh dh tk ldrh Fkh vFkok dh tkuh pkfg, Fkh bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj fd;k tk,xk vkSj dksbZ dksbZ dksbZ nhokuh ;k eky U;k;ky; mDr Hkwfe esa vf/kdkjksa ds lEcU/k esa vFkok fdlh vU; fo”k; ds lEcU/k esa] ftlds fy, bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dksbZ dk;Zokgh dh tk ldrh Fkh vFkok dh tkuh pkfg, Fkh] fdlh ckr ;k dk;Zokgh dks xzg.k ugha djsxk( ijUrq ;g fd bl /kkjk dh dksbZ ckr fdlh ,slh Hkwfe ds lEcU/k esa] ftl ij bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds v/khu ;k vuqlkj fdlh xkWo lHkh dks dCtk fd;k x;k gks] ;k fn;k x;k le> tk,] mÙkj çns’k tehankjh fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 dh /kkjk 122&[k ds v/khu dk;Zokfg;k çkjEHk djus ls vflLVsUV dysDVj dks çokfjr ugha djsxhA bl vf/kfu;e vkSj rn~/khu cuh fu;ekoyh ds vUrxZr dh x;h dk;Zokgh ds fy, lqj{kk 34d dksbZ Hkh okn] vfHk;kstuk rFkk vU; fof/kd dk;Zokgh fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds fo:/k fdlh ,sls dk;Z ds fy, çLrqr ugh dh tk ldsxh tks mDr vf/kfu;e ;k rnUrxZr cuh fu;ekoyh ds v/khu mlls ln~Hkkouk ls fd;k gks ;k mldks djuk vfHkçsr gksA U;k;ky;&’kqYd ls eqfDr 35 bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds v/khu fdlh okn ;k dk;Zokgh esa fn;s x;s fdlh çkFkZuk i= ij Fkk] odkyrukes ds vfrfjDr] fdlh ys[; ij] tks nkf[ky fd;k tk, dksbZ U;k;ky;& ‘kqYd ns; u gksxkA laØe.k dks fu”ikfnr djus ds fy, dksbZ dkj.k vko’;d ugh gS 36 rRle; çpfyr fdlh vU; fof/k esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] vfUre pdcUnh&;kstuk dks dk;kZfUor djus esa tksrksa dk tks laØe.k gksxk mls iwjk djus ds fy, u rks fdlh fyf[kr dkj.k dh vko’;rk gksxh vkSj u fdlh dkj.k fu”ikfnr fd, tkus ij mldh jftLVªh dh vko’;drk gksxhA pdcUnh fØ;kvksa dh lekfIr 37 ¼1½ /kkjk 18 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu u;s uD’ks vkSj vfHkys[k rS;kj gksus ds Ik’kpkr~ ;Fkk’kh?kz] jkT;] ljdkj] xtV esa bl vk’k; dh vf/klwpuk tkjh djsxh fd dVd esa pdcUnh fØ;k,a lekIr dj nh x;h gSa vkSj rnqijkUr mDr dVd ds xkWo pdcUnh ds v/khu ugha jgsaxsa( ijUrq ;g fd bl /kkjk ds v/khu vf/klwpuk tkjh fd;s tkus ls] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fØ;kvksa ds O;; dks fuf’pr djus] ckaVus vkSj olwy djus ds jkT;&ljdkj ds vf/kdkj ij dksbZ çHkko u iMsxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu tkjh dh x;h vf/klwpuk fdlh ,sls nSfud lekpkj&i= esa Hkh ftldk {ks= esa çpyu gks vksj ,slh vU; jhfr ls tSlh mfpr le>h tk;] çdkf’kr dh tk;xhA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds micU/kksa ds v/kkhu çLrqr dh x;h ys[k&;kfpdkvksa ds ekeyksa esa ;k mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk tkjh fd;s tkus ds fnukad dks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fopkjk/khu ekeyksa ;k dk;Zokfg;ksa esa l{ke vf/kdkfjrk okys U;k;ky; }kjk nh x;h vkKk,W ,sls çkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk] tks fu;e fd;s tk;sa] dk;kZfUor dh tk;sxh vkSj bl ç;kstu ds fy, pdcUnh&fØ;kvksa ds fo”k; esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd os lekIr ugh gqbZ gSA ¼4½ tgkW /kkjk 16 ds v/khu pdcUnh&;kstuk ds iqf"Vd`r gks tkus ds iwoZ fdlh Hkwfe ds çns’ku ;k iV~Vk dk fujlu mÙkj ins’k tehnkjh&fouk’k vkSj Hkwfe&O;OkLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 dh /kkjk 198 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ d v/khu vkns’k }kjk fd;k tkrk gS vkSj o vkns’k vfUre gks tkrk gS ogkW bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa es fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh ,sls vkns’k dks fuEufyf[kr jhfr ls ,sls çkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk] tks fu;r fd;s tk;sa] dk;kZfUor fd;k tk;sxk vkSj bl ç;kstu ds fy, pdcUnh fØ;k dks lekIr ugha le>k tk;sxk] vFkkZr& ¼d½ ,sls çns’ku ;k iV~Vs dh fo”k;xr Hkwfe ds ewY;kadu dks fu;r jhfr ls igys lqfuf’pr fd;k tk;sxk( ¼[k½ pdcUnh dk;Zokgh ls lEc) [kkrsnkj dks çfn”V Hkwfe ds dqYk ewY; es ls [k.M ¼d½ esa vfHkfn”V ewY;akdu dks de dj fn;k tk;sxk( ¼x½ pdcUnh&dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku [kkrsnkj mDr Hkwfe ds ewY;kadu ds cjkcj Hkwfe dk gdnkj( gksxkA pd&ekxksZa rFkk pd&xqyksa ds fy, fo’ks”k O;oLFkk 37d ¼1½ fdlh ,sls dVd dh n’kk esa ftlls lecU/k esa m0 ç0 tksr pdcUnh ¼la’kks/ku ½ vf/kfu;e] 1970 esa çkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ /kkjk 37dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk tkjh dj nh xbZ gks] /kkjk 37 esa nh x;h fdlh çfrdwy ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh] dysDVj] ;fn mldh ;g jk; gks fd dVd esa pd&ekxksZa ;k pd&xqyksa dh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha gS vFkok vi;kZIr O;oLFkk gS] rks mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dk;Zokgh dj ldrk gS( vkSj ;fn mDr çkjEHk gksus ds fnukad ds N% eghus ds Hkhrj dqy [kkrsnkjksa essa ls U;wure nl çfr’kr }kjk bl vk’k; dk vH;kosnu fn;k tk; rks mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dk;Zokgh djsxkA ¼2½ dysDVj bl /kkjk ds v/khu dk;Zokgh ds çLrko dh vkSj mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu çkIr vH;kosnu dh Hkh] ;fn dksbZ gks] lwpuk dVd esa MqXxh fiVokdj vkSj ,slh vU; jhfr ls ;fn dksbZ gks] ftls og mfpr le>s] fnyok;sxk] vkSj fdlh pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dks ml {ks= dk fujh{k.k djus rFkk [kkrsnkjksa dh ;k muesa ls ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks] tks vH;kosnu esa lfEefyr u gksa] bPNkvksa dks lqfuf’pr djus ds fufeÙk ;qfDr;qDr dne mBkus vkSj ekeys esa ,slh vU; tk¡p djus] ftls og fpr le>s] dk funsZ’k nsxkA ¼3½ ,slk pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dVd esa pd&ekxksZa ;k pd&xqyksa dh O;oLFkk djus ;k] tSlh Hkh n’kk gks] vkSj vf/kd i;kZIr O;oLFkk djus ds fy, ;kstuk cukus ;k u cukus ds vkSfpR; ds lEcU/k esa dysDVj dks ,d fjiksVZ nsxk vkSj dysDVj ml fjiksVZ ij fopkj djus ds i'pkr~] ;fn mldk ;g lek/kku gks tk, fd ,slk djuk vko’;d ;k b”Vdj gS] ;kstuk dk ,d çk:i rS;kj djok;sxkA ¼4½ rnqijkUr lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dVd ds mrus [kkrsnkjksa dks] ftruk og O;ogkjxE; le>s] bPNk dks vukSipkfjd :i ls lqfuf’pr djus ds i'pkr~ fu;r çi= esa ;kstuk dk ,d çk:i rS;kj djsxk ftlesa pd&ekxksaZ ;k pd&xqyksa dh O;oLFkk vFkok vfrfjDr O;oLFkk] tSlh vko’;drk gks] djus dk çLrko djsxkA ;kstuk dk çk:i rS;kj djus esa lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh fuEufyf[kr fl)kUrksa dks /;ku esa j[ksxk] vFkkZr~% ¼d½ tgk¡ rd O;ogkjxE; gks] pd&ekxksZa vkSj pd&xqyksa dh O;oLFkk çFker% xk¡o lHkk esa fufgr Hkwfe dk mi;ksx djds vkSj f}rh;r% mu [kkrsnkjksa }kjk /k̀r Hkwfe esa ls] ftuds pd çLrkfor pd&ekxksZa ;k pd xqyksa ls lEcfU/kr gksa] vkSj vUrr% fdlh vU; Hkwfe ls dh tkuh pkfg,( ¼[k½ pdks dk iquO;ZoLFkkiu gks] dsoy ml lhek rd] tgk¡ rd pd&ekxkZas rFkk pd&xqyksa dh O;oLFkk djus ds fy, okLrfod :i eas vko’;d gks] vkSj igys ls gh iq”Vhdr̀ pdcUnh&;kstuk esa U;wure O;kfrØe fd;s fcuk] fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ¼5½ mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds v/khu rS;kj dh x;h ;kstuk dk ç:i dVd esa fu;r jhfr ls çdkf’kr fd;k tk;sxkA ¼6½ ;kstuk ds ç:i ls çHkkfor dksbZ O;fDr] ,sls çdk’ku ds fnukad ls 15 fnu ds Hkhrj pdcUnh&vf/kdkjh ds ikl fyf[kr :i esa vkifÙk nkf[ky dj ldrk gSA ¼7½ ¼d½ pdcUnh&vf/kdkjh lEc) i{kksa dks uksfVl nsus ds i'pkr~ lHkh vkifÙk;ksa dk fuLrkj.k djsxkA ¼[k½ [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dh vkKk ls {kqC/k dksbZ O;fDr vkKk ds fnukad ls 15 fnu ds Hkhrj cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ ds le{k vihy dj ldrk gS ftldk ml ij fu.kZ; vfUre gksxkA ¼x½ [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu vkifÙk;k¡ ij fu.kZ; nsus ds iwoZ pdcUnh&vf/kdkjh vkSj [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu vihy ij fu.kZ; nsus ds iwoZ cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ lEc) i{kksa dks uksfVl nsus ds i'pkr~ fooknkLin LFky dk LFkkuh; fujh{k.k dj ldrk gSA ¼?k½ [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu pdcUnh vf/kdkjh vkSj [k. ¼[k½ ds v/khu cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ ds fy, mu dkj.kksa ls tks vfHkfyf[kr fd;s tk;saxs] mi/kkjk ¼4½ esa fufnZ”V fl)kUrksa ds vuqlkj ;kstuk ds çk:Ik es ifj”dkj djuk vkSj cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh pdcUnh ds fy, mls pdcUnh vf/kdkjh ;k lgk;d pdcUnh vf/kdkjh dks ,sls funsZ’kksa ds lkFk] ftUgS og mfpr le>s] çfrçsf”kr djuk] oS/k gksukA ¼8½ cUnksCkLr vf/kdkjh pdcUnh& ¼d½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼6½es fufnZ”V le; ds Hkhrj dksbZ vkifÙk çLrqr u dh tk;(;k ¼[k½ ;fn ,slh vkifÙk;kW çLrqr dh tk,W rks ,sls ifj”dkjksa ;k ifjorZu ds Ik’pkr~ Tkks mi/kkjk ¼7½ ds v?khu vkifÙk;ksa rFkk vihyksa ij nh xbZ vkKkvksa dksa ?;ku es j[krs gq, vko’;d gksa] ;kstuk dh iqf”V dj nsxkA ¼9½ mi/kkjk ¼8½ ds v/khu iq”Vhd̀r&;kstuk dVd esa fu;r jhfr ls çdkf’kr dh tk;sxh vkSj ,sls çdk’ku ds fnukad dks çòÙk gksxh vkSj rnqijkUr /kkjk 16 ds v/khu vfUre :Ikls cuh pdcUnh ;kstuk vkSj nh xbZ çns’ku vkKk,a tkjh dh tk;sxhA ¼10½ v/;k; 4 ds micU/k mDr ;kstuk ds lEcU/k esa vko’;d ifjorZuksa ds lkFk çdkj ykxw gksaxs ftl çdkj os vfUre pdcUnh&;kstuk ds lEcU/k esa ykxw gksrs gSa vkSj v/;k; 4 dks ykxw fd, tkus ds ç;kstu ds fy,] bl /kkjk ds v/khu O;ofLFkRk pØ&ekxksZa vkSj pd xqyksa ds fy;s nh x;h Hkwfe /kkjk 8 ds v/khu lkoZtfud ç;kstuksa ds fy, nh x;h Hkwfe le>h tk;sxhA [kkrsnkjksa ds e/; pdksa dk ikjLifjd fofue; 38 cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh ¼pdcUnh½ ds fy, ;g oS/k gksxk fd og pdcUnh&fØ;kvksa ds fdlh Lrj ij] fdUrq /kkjk 18 ds v/khu vfUre vfHkys[k rS;kj gks tkus ds iwoZ] [kkrsnkjksa ds e/; ¼le>kSrs }kjk½ pdksa ;k muds fdlh Hkkx dk ikjLifjd fofue; dh vuqefr ns] ;fn og ckr ls lUrq”V gks fd mDr fofue; ls pdksa ds vkdkj esa lq/kkj gks tk;sxk vFkok mudh la[;k esa deh gks tk;sxh vkSj mu yksxksa es lkekU;r;k vis{kkd̀r vf/kd larks”k mRiUu gksxkA [kkrsnkjksa }kjk rS;kj dh x;h pdcUnh&;kstuk dh ekU;rk 38d ¼1½ mi&lapkyd pdcUnh fdlh xkWo ds lEcU/k esa] pkgs og pdcUnh {ks= ds Hkhrj gks ;k ckgj] xkWo ds [kkrsnkjksa }kjk LosPNkk ls rS;kj dh x;h fdlh ¼pdcUnh ;kstuk½ dks ekU;rk ns ldrk gS] ;fn og bl ckr ls lUrq”V gks fd mDr ;kstuk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu pdcUnh ds leku fl)kUrksa ds vuqdwy gS rFkk mlls lEc) lHkh [kkrsnkjksa dk leFkZu çkIr gS vkSj og lEcfU/kr O;fDRk;ksa ds çfr vU;Fkk U;k;iw.kZ gSA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ekU;rk çkIr pdcUnh&;kstuk bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v?khu rS;kj rFkk iqf”V dh x;h le>h tk;sxh vkSj mlds v/khu ykxw le>h tk,xhA ifjlhek 38[k ifjlheu vf/kfu;e] 1963 dh /kkjk 5 ds mica/k bl vf/kfu;e rFkk rnUrxZr cuh fu;ekoyh ds v/khu çLrqr çkFkZuk&i=ksa] vihyksa] iqujh{k.kksa rFkk vU; dk;Zokfg;ksa ij ykxw gksaxsA fu;e cukus dk vf/kdkj 39 ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa dks dk;ZfUor djus ds ç;kstu ds fy, xtV eSa vfËklwpuk }kjk fu;e cuk ldrh gSA ¼2½ iwoksZDr vf/kdkj dh O;kfIr ij çfrdwy çHkko u Mkyrs gq,] ,sls fu;e fuEufyf[kr dh O;oLFkk dj ldrs gSa& ¼d½ /kkjk 3dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ds v/khu vf/klwpuk dk vkdkj% ¼[k½ /kkjk 2 ds [k.M ¼Ä½ ds v/khu pdcUnh &lfefr dk laxBu] pdcUnh&lfefr ds lnL;ksa ds dk;kZy; dk vo/kkj.kk rFkk mlesa fjfDr gksus ij dh tkus okyh dk;Zokgh( ¼x½ /kkjk 3 ¼2½ds v/khu LFkfxr oknks vkSj dk;Zokgh ds fuLrkj.k dh çfØ;k( ¼?k½ pdcUnh&{ks=ksa es tksr ds laØe.k ds fy, /kkjk 3dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ds [k.M ¼x½ esa vfHkfufnZ”V vuqKk nsus ds fy, cUnkscLr vf/kdkjh¼pdcUnh½ }kjk vuqikyu dh tkus okyh ‘krsZaA ¼M-½ /kkjk 7 ls 11 rd ds rFkk /kkjk 12 ds v/khu uD’kksa vkSj vfHkys[kksa ds iqujh{k.k ftlds vUrxZr vf/kdkjksa dk ç[;kiu] la;qDr tksrksa dk foHkktu ] xkVksa dk ewY;kadu ] dqvksa rFkk isMksa vU; leqUufr;ksa ds çfrdkj dk vo/kkj.kk rFkk çHkktu Hkh gS ls lEc) çfØ;k vkSj fl)kUrksa ds fooj.k dh rS;kjh rFkk çdk’ku( ¼p½ u;s [kkrs ij ekyxqtkjh dk vo/kkj.kk vkSj /kkjk12&d ds v/khu mldk iqjkuh tksrksa ds Hkkxksa ij forj.k( ¼N½ /kkjk12&[k ds v/khu tksrksa ds la;kstu ls lEcfU/kr çfØ;k( ¼t½ /kkjk 13&d] 14 vkSj 16 ds v/khu pdcUnh&;kstuk rS;kj djus] mls çdkf’kr djus vkSj mldh iq”Vh djus dh çfØ;k vkSj jhfr( ¼>½ /kkjk 16ds v/khu çns’ku vkKk,¡ tkjh djus dh çfØ;k vkSj jhfr( ¼´½ ,rnFkZ fufnZ”V ç;kstuksa ij pdcUnh&lfefr ds fopkj çkIr djus dh jhfr vkSj çfØ;k( ¼V½ ml lkoZtfud ç;kstu dk vo/kkj.k ftlds fufeŸk {ks= fofufnZ”V fd;s tk;sa vkSj ftlesa og fd;k tk,( ¼B½ lkoZtfud Hkwfe ls ml Hkwfe esa tks lkoZtfud ç;kstu ds fufeŸk fofufnZ”V dh xbZ gks] vf/kdkjksa ds laØe.k ls lEc) fo”k;( ¼M½ /kkjk 17 vkSj 19 ds v/khu dCtk ysus dh çfØ;k( ¼<½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh O;fDr dks fn;s tkus okys ;k mlls olwy fd, tkus okys çfrdj ds vo/kkj.kk dh çfØ;k vkSj jhfr( ¼.k½ pdcUnh O;; ds vUrxZr og vuqikr Hkh gS] ftlds vuqlkj mldk forj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS] forj.k djus ds lEcU/k esa fopkj dh tkus okyh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vkSj fo”k;( ¼r½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu uksfVl ;k fdlh ys[; ds rkehy fd;s tkus dh jhfr ls lEc) fo”k;( ¼Fk½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu leLr dk;Zokfg;ksa es] ftuds vUrxZr çkFkZuk&i= vkSj vihysa Hkh gSa] vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh çfØ;k( ¼n½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu {ks=kf/kdkj j[kus okys çR;sd vf/kdkjh vFkok çkf/kdkjh ds dÙkZO; vkSj ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k çkf/kdkjh }kjk vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh çfØ;k( ¼/k½ mu ekeyksa esa] ftuea ;gk¡ ij rRlEcU/kh fof’k”V O;oLFkk ugha dh xbZ gS] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu çkFkZuk&i=ksa vkSj vihyksa ds çLrqr fd;s tkus dh dkykof/k( ¼u½ fdlh vf/kdkjh dks fuf’pr dky&lhekvksa ds c<+kus dk vf/kdkj nsrs gq, vFkok u nsrs gq, dky lEcU/kh lhekvksa dk fu’p;] ftuds Hkhrj fu;eksa ds ç;kstuksa ds fufeÙk dk;Z vo’; fd;s tkus pkfg,( ¼i½ fdlh çkf/kdkjh ;k vf/kdkjh ds ikl ls nwljs dks dk;Zokfg;ksa dk laØe.k] vkSj ¼Q½ vU; dksbZ fo”k;] tks fu;r gks ;k fu;r fd;k tk,A] ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu cuk;s x;s lHkh fu;e cuk;s tkus ds i'pkr~ ;Fkk’kh?kz] jkT; fo/kkue.y ds çR;sd lnu ds le{k] tc og l= esa gks] mlds ,d l= ;k nks l= ;k vf/kd l=ksa esa lekfo”V de ls de dqy rhl fnu dh vof/kd i;ZUr j[ks tk;saxs vkSj tc rd fd dksbZ okn dk fnukad fu/kkZfjr u fd;k tk;s] xtV esa çdkf’kr gksus ds fnukad ls ,sls ifj”dkjksa vFkok vfHk’kwU;uksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] çHkkoh gksaxs tks fo/kkue.My ds nksuksa lnu mDr vof/k esa djus ds fy, lger gksa] fdUrq bl çdkj ds fdlh ifj”dkj ;k vfHk’kwU;u ls lEc) fu;eksa ds v/khu igys dh x;h fdlh ckr dh oS/krk ij dksbZ çfrdwy çHkko u iM+sxkA &&&&&& THE UTTRKHAND HILLS CONSOLIDATION OF HOLDINGS AND LAND REFORMS ACT, 2016 [Uttrakhand Act No. 21 of 2016] An Act to provide the consolidation of agricultural holdings in hill areas of Uttrakhand for the enhancement of agriculture productivity, to provide commercial shape to agricultural and to create a self employment opportunities from this procedure, IT IS HEREBY enacted by the Uttrakhand Legislative Assembly in the 67 th Year of the Republic of India as follows :- Chapter I Preliminary and Definition Short title, extent and commencement 1. (1) This Act may be called the Uttrakhand Consolidation of Holdings and Land Reforms Act, 2016. (2) The extension of this Act shall apply except District Haridwar and Uddham Singh Nagar and except plain area of District Dehradun, Tehri, Pauri, Nainital and Champawat. (3) This section shall come into force at once and the remainder of the Act shall come into force on such date as the State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint in this behalf and different dates may be appointed for different parts of Uttrakhand. Definitions 2. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context- (1) (a) "State Government" means Government of Uttrakhand; (b) "land" means land held or occupied for purposes connected with agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry (including pisciculture and poultry farming) and includes: (i) the site, being a part of holding of a house or other similar structure; and (ii) trees, wells and other. improvements existing on the plots forming the holding ; (iii) such non-Zamidari abolition land who is in title of such holders and necessary for consolidation scheme. (c) "Unit" means village or part thereof, and where the Director of Consolidation so notifies by publication in the official Gazette, two or more villages or parts thereof or which a single scheme of consolidation is to be framed; (d) "Holding" means parcel or parcels of land held under one tenure by a tenure-holder singly or jointly with other tenure- holders. Explanation- For the purposes of this clause, holding shall not include the following : -- (i) land subject to fluvial action and intensive soil erosion; (ii) land mentioned in section 132 of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 ; (iii) such compact areas as are normally subject to prolonged water-Jogging; (iv) such other areas as the Operator of Consolidation may declare to be unsuitable for the purpose of consolidation ; (v) such area as after the notification of commencement of Consolidation work identify and notify as commercial area by the Deputy Operator of Consolidation. (2) (a) "Consolidation" means re-arrangement of holdings in a unit amongst several tenure-holders in such a way as to make their respective holdings more compact; (b) "Consolidation scheme" means the scheme of consolidation in a unit ; (c) "Consolidation area" means the area, in respect of which a notification under section 4 has been issued, except such portion thereof to which the provisions of the U, P, Zamidari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950(UP Act no 1 of 1951) or any other Law by which Zamindari System has been abolished do not apply ; (d) "Consolidation Committee” means a committee to be constituted in the manner prescribed for the purposes of the Act; (e) "Consolidation Records” means maps, registers, shape letters and notices during the proceeding of consolidation or voluntary consolidation who will be also kapt as digital as may possible; (f) "Chak" means the parcel of land allotted to a tenure holder on consolidation; (g) "Voluntary Consolidation” means such consolidation to be with mutual exchange, gift and donation under different sections of the Act; (3) (a) "Consolidation Lekhpal" means a person appointed as such by the State Government to perform the duties of a Consolidation Lekhpal under this Act or the rules made there under and shall, in areas under consolidation operations, include a Lekhpal appointed under the U. P. Land Revenue Act, 1901 ; (b)"Consolidator” means a person appointed as such by the State Government to exercise the powers and perform the duties of a consolidator under the Act or the rules made thereunder, and shall include a Rectangulator and also, in areas under consolidation operations, the Supervisor Kanungo appointed under the U. P. band Revenue Act, 1901 for that area ; (c) "Assistant Consolidation Officer" means a person appointed as such by the State Government to exercise the powers and perform the duties of an Assistant Consolidation Officer under this Act or the rules made thereunder and shall include an Assistant Rectangulation Officer; (d) "Consolidation Officer" means a person appointed as such by the State Government to exercise the powers and perform, the duties of a Consolidation Officer under this Act or the rules made thereunder and shall include a Rectangulation Officer; (e) "Settlement Officer Consolidation" means a person appointed as such by State Government to exercise the powers and perform the duties of a Settlement Officer, Consolidation under this Act and the rules made thereunder and shall include any Additional Settlement Officer, Consolidation and Assistant Settlement Officer, Consolidation; (f) "Deputy Director of Consolidation" means a person appointed as such by the State Government to exercise such powers and perform such duties of the Director of Consolidation as may be delegated to him by the State Government and shall include a District Deputy Director of Consolidation and Assistant Director of Consolidation; (g) "District Deputy Director of Consolidation" means a person who is for the time being the Collector of the District; (h) "Director of Consolidation" means the person appointed as such by the State Government to exercise the powers and perform the duties of the Director of Consolidation tinder this Act or the rules made thereunder and shall include an additional Director of Consolidation and a Joint Director of Consolidation; (4) "Prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act; (5) "Legal representative" has the meaning assigned to it in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 ; (6) "Publication in the unit" or "publish in the unit” with reference to any document means reading out the document in the unit on a date of which prior notice shall be given by beat of drum, and proclamation by beat of drum, or, in any other customary mode, in the unit of the fact that the document is open to public inspection at any appointed place and time; Provided that where a Consolidation Committee has been constituted for the unit each member of the said Committee shall also be individually informed of the fact of publication; (7) "Rectangulation" means the process of dividing the area of a unit into rectangles and parts of rectangles of convenient size with a view to regulating the allotment of chaks during consolidation; (8) "Tenure-holder" means a Bhumidhar with transferable rights or Bhumidhar with non-transferable rights and includes :-- (a) an asami, (b) a Government lessee or Government grantee, or (c) a co-operative farming society satisfying such conditions as may be prescribed. (9) “Publication of consolidation of records” means publication of different consolidation records to be promulgate during the consolidation scheme and also include the publication of prepared records on internet as digital; (10) Words and expressions- (a) not defined in this Act but used or defined in the U. P. Land Revenue Act, 1901, or (b) not defined in this Act or in the U. P. Land Revenue Act, 1901, but used or defined in the U. P. Zarnindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950; shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Act in which they are so used or defined; (11) The references to the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 (UP Act no 1 of 1951) (as applicable to the State of Uttarakhand) and the U. P, Land Revenue Act 1901, (UP Act no 3 of 1901) (as applicable to the State of Uttarakhand) shall be construed as references to the said Acts as amended from time to time. Chapter II Revision And Correction Of Maps And Records Declaration and notification regarding consolidation 3. (1) (a) The State Government may whore it is of opinion that a district or Dart thereof may be brought under consolidation operations, make a declaration to that effect in the Gazette, whereupon it shall become lawful for any officer or authority who may be empowered in this behalf by the District Deputy Director of Consolidation - (i) to enter upon and survey, in connection with rectangulation or otherwise and to take levels of any land in such area ; (ii) to fix pillars in connection with rectangulation; and (iii) to do all acts necessary to ascertain the suitability of the area for consolidation operations; (b) The District Deputy Director of Consolidation shall cause public notice of the declaration issued under clause (a) to be given at convenient places in the said district or part thereof. (2) (a) when the State Government decides to start consolidation operations, either in an area covered by a declaration issued under sub-section (1) or in any other area, it may issue a notification to this effect. (b) every such notification shall be published in the Gazette and in a daily newspaper having circulation in the said area and shall also be published in each unit in the said area in such manner as may be considered appropriate. (3) (a) Where the State Government is of opinion that in the case of a district or part thereof in respect of which a notification has already been issued under section 37, it is expedient in public interest so to do, it may make a declaration by notification in the Gazette that the such district or part thereof may again be brought under consolidation operation : Provided that no such declaration shall be issued within twenty years from the date of the notification referred to in the said section, but in special circumstances the State Government may, in public interest, issue such declaration after ten years from the said date. (b) The provisions of this Act shall mutatis mutandis apply to every notification issued under sub-section (1) as they apply to a notification under section 3. Effect of notification under section 3(2) 4. (1) Upon the publication of the notification under sub-section (2) of section 3 in the official Gazette, the consequences, as hereinafter set forth, shall subject to the provisions of this Act, from the date specified thereunder till the publication of notification under section 37 or sub-section (1) of section 5, as the case may be, ensue in the area to which the notification under sub-section (2) of section 3 relates, namely- (a) the district or part thereof, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be under consolidation operations and the duty of maintain the record-of-rights and preparing the village map the field book and the annual register of each village shall be performed by the District Deputy Director of Consolidation, who shall maintain Or prepare them, as the case may be, in the manner prescribed; (b) notwithstanding anything contained in the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950,(UP Act no. 1 of 1951) no tenure-holder except with the permission in writing of the Settlement Officer, Consolidation, previously obtained shall use his holding or any part thereof for purposes not connected with agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry including pisciculture and poultry farming ; Provided that a tenure-holder may continue to use his holding, or any part thereof for any purpose far which it was in used prior to the date specified in the notification issued under sub-section (2) of section 3. (2) Upon the said publication of the notification under sub­ section (2) of section 3 the following further consequences shall ensue in the area to which the notification relates, namely- (a) every proceeding for the correction of records and every suit and proceeding in respect of declaration of rights or interest in any land lying in the area, or for declaration or adjudication of any other right in regard to which proceedings can or ought to be taken under this Act pending before any court or authority whether of the first instance or of appeal, reference or revision shall on an order being passed in that behalf by the court or authority before whom such suit or proceeding is pending, stand abated : Provided that no such order shall be passed without giving to the parties notice by post or in any other manner and after giving them an opportunity of being heard : Provided further that on the issue of the notification under sub-section (1) of section 5, in respect of the said area or part thereof every such order in relation to the land lying in such area or part, as the case may be, shall stand vacated ; (b) such abatement shall be without prejudice to the rights of the persons affected to agitate the right or interest in dispute in the said suits or proceedings before the appropriate consolidation authorities under and in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder. Explanation- For the purposes of sub-section (2), a proceeding under the Uttar Pradesh Imposition of Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1960 (as applicable of the State of Uttrakhand) or an uncontested proceeding under sections 134 to 137 of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950, shall not be deemed to be a proceeding in respect of declaration of rights or interest in any land. Cancellation of notification under section 3 5. (1) It shall be lawful for the State Government at any time to cancel the notification made under section 3 in respect of the whole or part of the area specified therein. (2) Where a notification has been cancelled in respect of any unit under sub section (1), such area shall subject to the final orders relating to the correction of land records, if any, passed on or before the date of such cancellation, cease to be under consolidation operation with effect from the date of the cancellation. Special provisions regarding undisputed succession 6 (1) After the publication of notification under sub-section (2) of section 3 or section 4 and before start of the proceeding under section 7, a case of undisputed mutation on the basis of succession shall be disposed of by a Consolidation Officer and on the basis of a transfer shall be disposed of by the Assistant Consolidation Officer, in such manner and after making such inquiry as may be prescribed ; Provided that no case shall be entertained, continued or disposed of under this section after start of the proceeding under section 7. (2) An order made under sub-section (1) shall not be a bar to an objection under section 8. provision regarding section 6 6A After the permission of disposal of transfer under section 6 in case of dispute cancel the order passed by Settlement officer (consolidation) under section 9 shall be restored for disposal. Revision of village map 7. With a view to facilities the revision of records of each village or part thereof in the unit and subject to the provisions hereinafter contained the District Deputy Director of Consolidation shall, before the provisional consolidation scheme for a unit is prepared, cause to revise the village maps of such unit. In the revision procedure of records shall be prepared digital maps and records from modern technique and shall be remembered that the match of existing maps with the digital maps also. Revision of the field-book and the current annual register, determination of valuations and shares in joint holding 8. (1) Upon the revision of maps under section 7, the District Deputy Direct or of Consolidation shall, subject to the provisions herein­after contained, and in such manner as may be prescribed, cause to be- (i) revised, the field-book of the unit after field to field partal and the current annual register after its test and verification ; (ii) determined, in consultation with the Consolidation Committee, the valuation of- (a) each plots after taking into consolidation its productivity location and availability of irrigation facilities if any ; and (b) all trees, wells and other improvements existing in the plots for the purpose of calculating compensation therefor ; (iii) ascertained the share of each owner, if there be more owners than one, out of the valuation determined under sub­ clause (b) of clause (ii) ; and (iv) determined the shares of individual tenure-holders in joint holdings for the purpose of effecting partition to ensure proper consolidation. (v) during the revision of maps, the differences between total area and records, correctness for corrections shall be shown. (2) The District Deputy Director of Consolidation shall cause to be prepared a "khasra chakbandi" in the form prescribed, in respect of all the plots fallen, in the unit as also a statement showing the mistakes undisputed cases of succession and disputes discovered during the test and verification of the annual register in the course of the field to field partal. Preparation of Statement of Principles 8-A (1) The Assistant Consolidation Officer shall, in consultation with Consolidation Committee, prepare in respect of each unit under consolidation operations, a statement in the prescribed from (hereinafter called the Statement of Principles) setting forth the principles to be followed in carrying out the consolidation operations in the unit. (2) The Statement of Principles shall also contain- (a) details of areas, as far as they can be determined at this stage, to be earmarked for extension of abadi Including areas for abadi site for Harijans and landless persons in the unit and for such other public purposes as may be prescribed; (b) the basis on which the tenure-holders will contribute land for extension of abadi and for other public purposes; and (c) details of such land to be earmarked for State land and to be appropriate to include consolidation scheme by prior permission of the State. (d) the standard plots for each unit. (3) The standard plots referred to in clause (d) of sub-section (2) shall be determined by the Assistant Consolidation Officer after ascertaining from the members of the Consolidation Committee and the tenure-holders of the units the best plot or plots of the unit, regard being had to productivity, location and the existing soil class of the plot or plots. (4) The Additional principles shall be include in notified area for voluntary consolidation. Issue of extracts from records and statements and publication 9. (1) Upon the preparation of the records and the statements mentioned in section 8 and 8-A, the Assistant Consolidation Officer, shall- (a) correct the clerical mistakes, undisputed cases of succession if of the records mentioned in sections 8 and 8- A and the issue of notices for inviting objections any, and send or cause to be sent to the tenure-holder concerned and other persons interested, notices containing relevant extracts from the current annual register and such other record as may be prescribed showing- (i) their rights in and liabilities in relation to the land; (ii) mistakes undisputed cases of succession and disputes discovered under section 8 in respect thereof; (iii) specific shares of individual tenure-holder in joint holdings for the purpose of effecting partitions, where necessary, to ensure proper consolidation; (iv) valuations of the plots ; and (v) valuation of trees, wells and other improvements for calculating compensation there or and its Apportionmenty amongst owners, if there be more owners than one; (b) publish in the unit the current Khasra and the current annual register, the Khasra Chakbandi, the Statement of Principles prepared under section 8-A and any other records that may be prescribed to show, inter alia, the particulars referred to in clause (a), (2) Any person to whom a notice under sub-section (1) has been sent, or any other person interested, may, within 21 days of the receipt of notice, or of the publication under sub-section (1), as the case may be, file before the Assistant Consolidation Officer objections in respect thereof disputing the correctness or nature of the entries in the records or in the extracts furnished therefrom, or in the Statement of Principles, or the need for partition. Disposal of cases relating to claims to land and partition of joint holdings 9-A (1) The Assistant Consolidation Officer shall- (i) where objections in respect of claims to and or partition of joint holdings are filed, after hearing the parties concerned; and (ii) where no objections are filed, after making such enquiry as he may deem necessary, settle the disputes, correct the mistakes and effect partition as far as may be by conciliation between the parties appearing before him and pass orders on the basis of such conciliation; Provided that where the Assistant Consolidation Officer, after making such enquiry as he may deem necessary, is satisfied that a case of succession is undisputed, he shall dispose of the case on the basis of such enquiry. (2) All cases which are not disposed of by the Assistant Consolidation Officer under sub-section (1), all cases relating to valuation of plots and all cases relating to valuation of trees, wells or other improvements for calculating compensation therefore, and its appointment amongst, co-owners, if there he more owners than one, shall be forwarded by the Assistant Consolidation Officer to the Consolidation Officer, who shall dispose of the same in the manner prescribed. (3) The Assistant Consolidation Officer, while acting under sub- section (1) and the Consolidation Officer while acting under sub- section (2), shall be deemed to be a court of Competent jurisdiction anything to the contrary contained any other law for the time being in force notwithstanding. Disposal of objections on the Statement of Principles 9-B (1) Where objections have been filed against the Statement of Principles under section 9, the Assistant Consolidation Officer shall after affording opportunity of being heard to the parties concerned and after taking into consideration the views of the Consolidation Committee, submit his report to the Consolidation Officer who shall dispose of the objections in the manner prescribed. (2) Where no objections have been filed against the Statement of Principles within the time provided therefor under section 9, the Consolidation Officer shall, with a view to examining the correctness, make local inspection of the unit, after giving due notice to the Consolidation Committee and may thereafter make such modification or alterations in the Statement of Principles as he may consider necessary. (3) Any person aggrieved by an order of the Consolidation Officer under sub-section (1), or sub-section (2), may, within 21 days of the date of the order, file an appeal before the Settlement Officer, Consolidation, whose decision except as otherwise provided by or under this Act shall be final. (4) The Consolidation Officer and the Settlement Officer, Consolidation shall before deciding an objection or an appeal, make local inspection of the unit after giving due notice to the parties concerned and the Consolidation Committee. Partition of joint-holdings 9-C (1) The Assistant Consolidation Officer or the Consolidation Officer may partition joint holdings under section 9-A notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in 178 of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950, or any other law, and may also partition the same suo moto. (2) The partition of joint holdings shall be effected on the basis of shares; Provided that where the tenure-holders concerned agree, it may be effected on the basis of specific plots. Preparation and maintenance of revised Annual Registers 10. (1) The Annual Register shall be revised on the basis of the orders passed under sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) of section 9-A. It shall thereafter be prepared in the form prescribed and published in the unit. (2) Where any entry in the annual register, published under sub- section (1), is modified in pursuance of an order passed under this Act or under any other law, a reference to the order along with an extract of its operative portion shall be noted against the said entry. Appeals 11. (1) Any party to the proceedings under section 9-A, aggrieved by an order of the Assistant Consolidation Officer or the Consolidation Officer under that section, may, within 21 days of the date of the order, file an appeal before the Settlement Officer, Consolidation, who shall, after affording opportunity of being heard to the parties concerned, give his decision thereon which, except as otherwise provided by or order under this Act, shall be final and not be questioned in any court of law. (2) The Settlement Officer, Consolidation, hearing an appeal under sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be a court of competent jurisdiction, anything to the contrary contained in any law for the time being in force notwithstanding. Bar on objections 11-A No question in respect of relating to the consolidation area which has been raised under section 9 or which might or ought to have been raised under that section, but has not been so raised shall be raised or heard at any subsequent stage of the consolidation proceedings :-- (i) claims to land, (ii) partition of joint-holdings, and (iii) valuation of plots, trees, wells and other improve merits, where the question is sought to be raised by a tenure-holder of the plot or the owner of the tree, well or other improvements recorded in the annual register under section 10. 11-B In course of hearing of an objection under section 9-A or an appeal under section 11 or in proceedings, under section 33, the Consolidation Officer, the Settlement Officer (Consolidation) or the Director of consolidation, as the case may he, may direct that any land which vests in the State Government or the Gaon Sabha or any other local body or authority may be recorded in its name, even though no objection, appeal or revision has been filed by such Government, Gaon Sabha, body or authority. Decision of matters relating to changes and transactions affecting rights or interests recorded in revised records 12. (1) All matters relating to changes and transfers affecting any of the rights or interest recorded in the revised records published under sub-section (1) of section 10 for which a cause of action had not arisen when proceedings under sections 7 to 9 were started or were in progress may be raised before the Assistant Consolidation Officer as and when they arise, but not later than the date of notification under section 37, or under sub­section (1) of section 5. (2) The provisions of sections 7 to 11 shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to the hearing and decision of' any matter raised under sub­ section (1) as if it were a matter raised under the aforesaid section. Assessment of land revenue on new holdings and distribution of, revenue on parts of holdings 12-A (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950, the Settlement, Officer, Consolidation, may subject to the, rules made in this behalf- (a) determine the amount of land revenue payable by a tenure- holder on land on which he acquires rights as a result or orders under this Act, and (b) where necessary, also determine the amount of land revenue payable in respect of a portion of the tenure-holders holding . (2) In assessing the amount of land revenue payable under sub-section (1), the provisions of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 and the rules made thereunder shall mutatis mutandis apply. Amalgamation of holdings 12-B Two or more tenure-holders may at any time before the publication of the revised annual register under sub-section (1) of section 10, apply to the Consolidation Officer to amalgamate their holdings of like tenure on such terms as may be agreed upon between them. The Consolidation Officer may, if the proposed amalgamation is in the interest of consolidation give effect to the same. Chapter III Preparation Of Consolidation Scheme Consolidations to be fulfilled by a consolidation scheme 13. (1) A consolidation scheme shall fulfil the following conditions; namely- (a) the rights and liabilities of a tenure-holder, as recorded in the annual register prepared under section 10, are subject to the deductions, if any, made on account of contributions to public purposes under this Act, secured in the lands allotted to him . (b) the valuation of plots allotted to a tenure-holder subject to deductions, if any, made on account of contribution to public purposes under this Act, is equal to the valuation of plots originally held by him; (c) the compensation determined under the provisions of this Act, or the rules framed thereunder, is awarded- (1) To the tenure-holder-s- (i) for trees, wells other improvements, originally held by him and allotted to another tenure-holder and, (ii) for land contributed by him for public purposes; (2) To the Gaon Sabha, or any other local authority, as the case may be, for development, if any, effected by it in or over land belonging to it and allotted to a tenure-holder ; (d) the principles laid down in the Statement of Principles are followed; (e) every tenure-holder is, as far as possible, allotted a compact area ,at the place where he holds the largest part of his holding : Provided that no tenure-holder maybe allotted more chaks than three except with the, approval in writing of the Deputy Director of Consolidation. Provided further that no consolidation made shall be invalid for the reason merely that the number of chaks allotted to a tenure­ holder exceeds three ; (f) every tenure-holder is, as far as possible, allotted the plot on which exists his private source of irrigation or any other improvement together with an area in the vicinity equal to the valuation or the plots originally held by him there; and (g) every tenure-holder is, as far as Possible, allotted chaks in conformity with the process of rectangulation in rectangulation units. (h) the principles of voluntary consolidation shall be accorded and shall be comply fix terms for voluntary consolidation according section 13 and section 19. (2) A consolidation scheme before it is made final under section 16, shall be provisionally drawn up in accordance with the previsions of section,13. Preparation of provisional consolidation scheme by the Assistant Consolidation Officer 13-A (1) The Assistant, Consolidation officer shah in consultation with the consolidation Committee, prepare in the horn prescribed, a provisional Consolidation Scheme for the unit, (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 (UP Act no. 1 of 1951) or any other law for the time being in, force, it shall be lawful for the Assistant Consolidation Officer where in his opinion it is necessary or expedient so to do to allot a tenure-holder, after determining its valuation any land belonging to the State Government, or any, land vested, in the Gaon Sabha, or arty other local authority or as a result of notification issued under section 117, or l17-A of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act 1950; Provided where any, such, land is used for a public purpose, it shall be allotted only after the Assistant Consolidation Officer has declared in writing that it is proposed to transfer the rights of the public as well as all individuals in or, over that land to any either and specified in the declaration and earmarked for that, purpose in the provisional Consolidation Scheme. Publication of the provisional consolidation scheme and receipt of objection thereon 14. (1) Upon the preparation of the provisional consolidation scheme, the Assistant, Consolidation officer shall send or cause to be sent, to the tenure-holder concerned and person’s interested, notices containing relevant extracts therefrom. The provisional consolidation scheme have thereafter, be published in the unit. (2) Subject to the provisions contained in section 11-A any person to whom notice has been sent under sub-section (1), and any other person affected by the provisional consolidation scheme, disputing the property or correctness of the entries In the provisional consolidation scheme; or in the extracts furnished therefrom may, within 45 days of the receipt or the notice or of the date of the publication of the consolidation scheme, as the case may be file an objection before the Assistant Consolidation Officer or the Consolidation Officer. (3) Any person affected, or any person having any interest or right, in addition to the, right of public highway in, or over any public land, or having other interest or right which is substantially prejudiced by the declaration made under sub-section (2) of section 19-A, may, within 45 days after the publication of, the provisional consolidation scheme file an objection before the Assistant Consolidation or officer or the Consolidation Officer stating the nature of such interest or right. Disposal of objections to the provisional Consolidation Scheme 15. (1) All objections received by the Assistant Consolidation Officer shall, as soon as may be, after the expiry of the period of limitation prescribed therefore be submitted by him to the Consolidation Officer who shall dispose of the same, as also the objections received by him, in the manner hereinafter provided after notice, to the parties concerned and the Consolidation Committee. (2) Any person aggrieved by the order of the Consolidation Officer under sub-section (1) may, within 45 days of the date of the order file an appeal before the Settlement Officer, Consolidation, whose decision shall, except as otherwise provided by or under this Act, be final. (3) The Consolidation Officer shall, before deciding the objections, and the Settlement Officer, Consolidation may, before deciding an appeal, make local inspection of the plots in dispute after notice to the parties concerned and the Consolidation committee. (4) It during the course of the disposal of an objection or the hearing of' an appeal, the Consolidation Officer or the Settlement Officer, Consolidation, as the case, may be, is of this opinion that Material injustice is likely to be caused to a number of tenure-holders in giving- effect to, the provisional Consolidation Scheme as prepared by the assistant Consolidation Officer, or as, subsequently modified by the Consolidation Officer, as the case may and, that, a fair and proper allotment of land to the, tenure-holders of the units is not possible without revising the provisional Consolidation Scheme, or getting a fresh one prepared, it shall be lawful, for reasons to be recorded in writing for- (i) the consolidation officer to revised provisional consolidation scheme, after giving opportunity of being heard to the tenure- holders concerned, or to remand the same to the Assistant consolidation officer, with such directions as the Consolidation officer may consider necessary; and (ii) the Settlement Officer, Consolidation to revise the provision of Consolidation Scheme after giving opportunity of being heard to the tenure-holders concerned or to remand the same to the Assistant Consolidation Officer, or the Consolidation Officer as the Settlement Officer Consolidation may think fit with such directions as they may consider necessary. Confirmation of the provisional Consolidation Scheme and the issue of a allotment orders 16. (1) The Settlement Officer, Consolidation shall confirm the provisional Consolidation Scheme- (a) if no objections are filed within the time specified in section 14 ; or (b) Where such objections are filed, after such modifications or alterations as may be necessary in view of the orders passed under sub-sections (1) to (4) of section 15. (2) The provisional Consolidation Scheme so confirmed shall be published in the unit and, except as otherwise provided by or under this Act shall be final. (3) (i) Where the allotments made under section 13(1) are not modified under section 15 and are confirmed under section 16, the extracts contained in the notice issued under section 14, shall except as provided by or under this Act be treated as final allotment orders for the tenure-holders concerned; (ii) In cases not covered by clause (i), revised extract specifying the modified allotments; as confirmed tinder sub-section (1) shall be issued by- (a) the Consolidation Officer, where the allotments are not modified by the Settlement Officer, Consolidation; and (b) by the Settlement Officer, Consolidation, where he has modified the allotment, and the same shall except as otherwise, provided by or under this Act be the final allotment orders for the tenure-holders concerned. (4) After completion of initial scheme of voluntary consolidation under section 13, the consolidation officers of such other equivalent officer who is authorised by Deputy Operator Consolidation for this purpose, as initial scheme the permission letter shall be issue exchange of land with the one land holder to other land holder. In addition he also entertain the gift or donation to be transfer with one land holder to other land holders. If any land holder to give land as gift or donation for the public proposes than he will records accordingly. Such all exchange permissions of the gift and donations after entertain in records by the orders, the final shape shall be given to the voluntary consolidation scheme. Chapter IV Enforcement Of The Scheme Possession and accrual of compensation for trees, etc. 17. (1) The Settlement Officer, Consolidation, shall fix the date to be notified in the unit, from which the final consolidation scheme shall come into force. On and after the said date a tenure-holder shall be entitled to enter into possession of the plots allotted to him. (2) On from the date of obtaining possession every tenure­ holder getting trees, wells, and other improvements existing on the plots allotted to him in pursuance, of the enforcement of the final consolidation scheme shall be liable, for the payment of and pay to the former tenure-holder thereof, compensation for the trees wells and other improvements allotted to him, to be determined in the manner hereinbefore provided. New revenue records 18. (1) As soon as may be, after the final consolidation scheme has come into force, the District Deputy Director of Consolidation shall cause to be prepared for each village, a new map filed book and record of rights in respect of the consolidation area, on the basis of the entries in the map as corrected under section 7 the Khasra Chakbandi, the annual register prepared under section 10 and the allotment, orders as finally made and issued in accordance With the provisions or this Act. The provisions of the U. P. Land Revenue Act, 1901 shall, subject to such modification as maybe prescribed, be followed in the preparation of the map and records. (2) All entries in the record of rights prepared in accordance with the provision of sub-section (1) shall be presumed to be true until the contrary is proved. (3) After the issue of notification under section 37, the Collector shall, instead of the map, field-book and record of rights previously maintained by him maintain the map, field-book and record of rights prepared in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1) and the provisions of the U. P. Land Revenue Act, 1901 relating to the maintenance and correction of such map, field book and record of rights shall mutatis mutandis apply. Delivery of possession 19. (1) The Assistant Consolidation Officer on the application of the tenure- holder or the Land Management Committee, to whom chak or lands have been allotted under the final Consolidation scheme, may, and where any land has been allotted to the State Government shall, without any application off the State Government, within six months of the date on which the said scheme has come into force, put the tenure-holder or the Land Management Committee or the State Government, as the case may be, in actual physical possession of the allotted chak or lands, and for so doing shall have all the powers including powers as regards contempt, resistance and the like as are exercisable, by a Civil Court in execution of a decree for delivery of possession of immovable property; Provided that the delivery of possession as aforesaid shall not affect the right of the person from whom possession is transferred to tend and gather the crops standing on such chaks or land or part thereof, on the date of the delivery, unless the Assistant Consolidation Officer decides, for reasons to be recorded that the possession over the crop also shall be delivered : Provided further that the person tending and gathering the standing crop, in accordance with the first proviso, shall be liable may to the person, who has been allotted the chak, or lands, compensation for the use of the land at such rate and in such manner as may be prescribed. (2) On the expiry of six months from the date and which a tenure-holder or Land Management Committee or State Government became entitled to enter into possession of the chak or lands allotted, whether before or after the coming into force of the Uttar Pradesh Consolidation of Holdings (Amendment) Act, 1962, or on the expiry of six months from the date of the coming into force of that Act, whichever is later, the tenure holder in the Land Management Committee or State Government, as the case may be shall unless possession has been obtained earlier, be deemed to, have entered in to actual physical possession of the alloted chak of land : Provided that the fact that a tenure-holder or the Land Management Committee or State Government has thus entered in possession shall not affect the right or the person from whom possession is deemed to have been transferred to tend and gather the crop standing on the chak or lads or part thereof, on the date of the expiry of the period of six months aforesaid. Compensation 20. (1) Where possession over standing crops is also delivered under section 28, the Assistant Consolidation Officer shall determine in the manner prescribed, the compensation payable in respect of such crops by the tenure-holder put in possession. (2) Any person aggrieved by an order under sub-section (1), may within fifteen gays of the date of the order, prefers an appeal before the Consolidation Offices, whose decision thereon, shall be final. Recoveries of compensation 20-A (1) Where a tenure-holder from whom compensation is recoverable under this Act fails to pay the same within the period prescribed therefore, the person entitled to receive it, may in addition to any other mode of recovery open to him, apply to the Collector within such time as may be prescribed to recover the amount due on his behalf as if it were an arrear of land revenue payable to Government. (2) Where any compensation payable under this Act is not and whether in whole or in part within three months of the date of obtaining possession under section 17 or section 19, as the case may be interest at the rate of six per cent per annum shall be charged on the amount not so paid. Reduction of land revenue on account of contribution of land for public purposes 20-B (1) Where, as a result of contribution for public purposes under the provisions of section 8-A, the area of the original holding of a tenure- holder is reduced, the land revenue payable for the holding shall be reduced by the Assistant Consolidation Officer, in the same proportion as the area so contributed bears to the original total area of the holding, and the reduced land revenue shall be shown in the provisional consolidation scheme. (2) A tenure-holder aggrieved by the reduction made under sub-section (1) may, within 15 days of the date, of publication of the provisional consolidation scheme under section 14 file an objection before the Assistant Consolidation Officer or the Consolidation Officer for getting the reduction of the Land revenue determined in accordance with the provisions of Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950. Compensation for land contributed by tenure-holders for public purposes 20-C (1) (a) Every tenure-holder any part of whose holding has been, contributed for public purposes under this Act, shall be paid, for the land so contributed, compensation equal to- (i) in the case of land of a bhumidhar with transferable rights, four times; and (ii) in the case of the land of a bhumidhar with non-transferable rights two times of the land revenue reduced under section 29-B. (b) In the case of trees, wells and other improvements, falling within the land so contributed, the amount of compensation behalf be determined in accordance with the provisions of section 13. (2) The Compensation payable to a tenure-holder shall after adjustment of the cost of operations under this Act, if any be paid, to him in cash. (3) Where any land, in respect of which compensation is paid under-sub- section (1), is in occupation of, an, asami, there shall lie paid to the asami out of the compensation payable to the bhumidhar with transferable rights or bhumidhar with non-transferable rights as the case may be, an amount equal to 5 per cent of such compensation in respect of the right title and interest of the asami therein. Vesting of and contributed for public proposes 20-D (1) The land contributed fur public purposes under this Act shall, with effect from the date on which the tenure-holders became entitled to enter into possession of the chaks allotted to them under the provisions of this Act as amended from time to time, vest and be always deemed to have vested in the Gaon Sabha in an area in which section 117 of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 applies and in the State Government in any other area and shall be utilized for the purpose for which it was earmarked in the final consolidation of scheme, or in case of failure of that purpose, for such other purposes may be prescribed. (2) The provisions of section 117 of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition rand Land Reforms Act, 1950, shall mutatis mutandis apply to such land vested in the Gaon Sabha as if the land had vested in the Gaan Sabha by virtue of a declaration made by the State Government under sub-section (1) of that section and as if the declarations were made subject to the conditions respecting utilization specified in sub-section (1) of this section. Consequences which shall ensue on exchange of possession 21. With effect from the date on which a tenure-holder enters or is deemed to have entered in to possession of the chak allotted to him in accordance with the provisions of this Act, the far awing consequences shall ensue- (a) the rights title, interest and liabilities-- (i) of the tenure-holder entering or deemed to have entered, into possession; and (ii) of the farmer tenure-holder of the plats comprising the chak, in their respective original holdings shall cease, and (b) the tenure-holder entering into possession, or deemed to have entered into possession, shall have in this chak the same rights title interests and liabilities as he had in the original holdings together with such other benefits of irrigation from a private source till such source exists, as the farmer tenure-holder of the plots comprising the chak had in regard to them; (c) land vested in the Gaon Sabha, or any local authority, and allotted to the tenure-holder shall be deemed to have been resumed by the State Government under the provisions of section 117orsection 117-A, as the case may be, of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 and settled with tenure-holder; (d) the rights of the public as well as all individuals in or over land included in a chak following a declaration made under the proviso to sub-section (2) of section 13-A, shall cease and be created in the land specified for the purpose in the final consolidation scheme; and (e) the encumbrance if any, upon the original holding at the tenure-holder entering, or deemed to have entered, into possession, whether by ay of lease, mortgage or otherwise shall in respect of that holding, cease, and be created on the holdings, or on such part thereof, as may he specified in the final consolidation scheme. Power to transfer holdings 22. A transfer, whether by exchange or otherwise of rights, title, interest and liabilities of tenure­ holders in their holdings, involved, in giving effect to the final Consolidation Scheme affecting them, shall notwithstanding, anything contained in the U. P. Land Revenue Act, 1961 and the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 be valid and not tenure holder or other person shall be entitled to object or interfere with any such transfer. Costs 23. (1) The State Government shall fix the amount of costs of the operations conducted, under the Act and shall recover from the tenure-holders of the unit such part thereof and in such manner as may be prescribed. (2) If the State Government so decides it, may order that a specified amount be recovered in advance in the manner prescribed, as the first installment of the cost of the said operations. (3) Any amount payable as costs under this section shall be recoverable as arrears of land revenue. Chapter V Miscellaneous Power to enforcer attendance of witnesses and in certain Matters 24. The Director of Consolidation Land Deputy Director of Consolidation Settlement Officer, Consolidation Officer and Assistant Consolidation Officer shall have all such powers and rights' and privileges as are vested in a Civil Court on the occasion of any action; in respect of the following matters: (a) the enforcing of the attendance of witnesses and examining them on oath. affirmation or otherwise and the issue of a commission or request to-examine witnesses abroad; (b) compelling anyone for the production of any document; (c) the punishing of persons guilty of contempt and a summon signed by such officer may be substituted for and shall be equivalent to any formal process capable of being issued in any action by a Civil Court for enforcing the attendance of witnesses and compelling the production of document. Power for production of documents, etc. 25. (1) Subject to any conditions or restrictions that may be prescribed, the Director of Consolidation Deputy Director of Consolidation Sett1emcnt Officer Consolidation, Consolidation Officer, or Assistant, Consolidation Officer may, by written order require any person to produce such documents papers and registers or to furnish such information as .he may deem necessary for the proper exercise of his powers or the proper discharge of his duties under this Act. (2) Every person required to produce any document, paper or register or to furnish information under this section shall be deemed legally bound to do so within the meaning of sections 175 and 176 of the Indian Penal Code. Proceedings before Director of Consolidation, Deputy Director of Consolidation, Settlement Officer Consolidation, Consolidation Officer and Assistant Consolidation Officer to be judicial Proceedings 26. A proceeding before a Director of consolidation, Deputy Director of Consolidation, settlement officer, consolidation, consolidation officer and assistant Consolidation officer shall be deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of sections 193 and 228 and for the purposes of section 196 of the Indian Penal Code. Powers of the consolidation authorities 26.A (a) The consolidation authorities shall be conferred powers of the Magistrate according the powers vested under section 1 to 11 of the CrPC. (b) Challenge of order of the cheating- If any order were made passed with cheating by a party of any considerable suit or proceedings or any consolidation court than such order may be challenge in this ground that the order is get by cheating to the aforesaid court or party but no believe may be made on the review of the cheating on the basic of presumption, for proof of the cheating the party shall essentially produce relevant evidence. (c) Self right to void consolidation court passed order on the basic of cheating or fraudantly- If any person were get order from the court with cheating or fradently then on the knowledge of actual facts the court selfly or by the request of the any aggrieved person. In such matters the consolidation authority may be exercise powers invested under section 151 of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908. No time limit is fixed for proceeding of any request letter for void of orders to be passed with the cheating. Any person whether he is not a party in the concerning proceedings on the intimation received by him of such order he can produce request letter within the appropriate time. Application of U. P. Land Revenue Act, 1901 27. Unless otherwise expressly provided by or under this Act, the provisions of Chapters IX and X of the U. P. Land Revenue Act, 1901, shall apply to all proceeding including appeals and applications under this Act. Affidavits 27-A Affidavits to be filed in any proceedings under this Act, including an appeal or revision shall be made in the same manner arid conform to the same requirements as affidavits filed under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 and may be verified by any officer or other person appointed by the High Court under, clause (b) or by an officer appointed by any other court under clause (c) of section 139 of the said Code. Officer and Authorities 28. (1) The State Government may appoint such authorities and officers, and for such areas as may be necessary to give effect to provisions of the Act. (2) The District Deputy Director of Consolidation may, subject to such directions as the director of Consolidation may, issue from time to time demarcate the circles to be assigned to Consolidation Lekhpals, Consolidators and other authorities appointed for the district under sub­section (1). Correction of clerical arithmetical error 28-A Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force if the Consolidation Officer or the Settlement Officer, Consolidation is satisfied that a clerical or arithmetical error apparent an the face of the record exists in any document prepared under any provision of, this Act, he shall, either on his awn motion or on the, application of any person interested, correct the same. Delegation 29. The State Government may by notification in the official Gazette and subject to such restrictions and conditions as may, be specified in the notification:- (i) delegate to any officer or authority any of the power conferred upon it by this Act ; and (ii) confer power of the Director of Consolidation, Deputy Director, Consolidation; the Settlement Officer, Consolidation and the Consolidation Officer under this Act or the rules made thereunder on any officer or authority. Powers of subordinate authority to be exercised, by a superior authority 29-A Where powers ate to be exercised or duties to be performed under this Act of the rules made thereunder such powers or duties may also be exercised or performed by an authority superior to it. Powers of officers to enter upon land for purposes of survey and demarcation 30. The officer mentioned in this Act or any person acting under the orders of any one of them may, in the discharge of any duty under this act, enter upon arid survey land and erect survey marks, thereon and demarcate the boundaries thereof and no all other acts necessary for the proper performance of that duty. Penalty for contravening provisions of section 5 30-A (1) Any person contravening the provisions of section 4 (b) shall, a conviction by a court of competent jurisdiction, be liable, to a fine not exceeding rupees one thousand. (2) A transfer made in contravention of the provisions of section 4 (b) shall not be valid or recognized, anything contained in any other Jaw for the time being to in force to, the contrary notwithstanding. Penalty for destruction, injury or removal of survey or boundary marks 31. (1) If any person destroys willfully or injures or removes without law-full authority a survey or boundary mark lawfully erected, he may be ordered by a consolidation officer to pay such compensation not exceeding one thousand rupees for each mark so destroyed, injured or removed, as may in the opinion of that officer be necessary to defray the expenses of restoring the same and of rewarding the person, if any, who gave information of the destruction, injury or removal. (2) The order for the payment of compensation under sub-section (1), shall not bar a prosecution under section 434 of the Indian Penal Code. Appeal etc. to be allowed by the Act 32. No appeal and no application for revision shall lie from any order passed under the provisions of this Act except as provided by or under this Act. Revisions and reference 33. (1) The Director of Consolidation may call for and examine the record of any case decided or proceedings taken by any sub-ordinate authority for the purpose of satisfying himself as to the regularity of the proceedings, or as to the correctness, legality or propriety of any order other than an interlocutory order passed by such authority in the case or proceedings and may after allowing the parties concerned an opportunity of being heard, make such order in the case or proceedings as he thinks fit. (2) Power under sub-section (1) may be exercised by the Director of Consolidation also on a reference under sub-section (3). (3) Any authority subordinate-to the Director of Consolidation may after allowing the parties concerned an opportunity of being heard, refer, the record of any case or proceedings to the Director of Consolidation for action under sub-section (1). Explanation (1)- For, the purposes of this section, Settlement Officers Consolidation, Consolidation Officers, Assistant Consolidation Officers, Consolidators and Consolidation Lekhpals shall be subordinate to the Director of Consolidation. Explanation (2)- For the purposes of this section the expression interlocutory order in relation to a case or proceeding, means such order deciding any matter arising in such case or proceedings or collateral thereto as does not, have the effect of finally disposing of such case or proceeding. Explanation (3)- Any decision in the write of purity, legality or interpretation of any order under this section whether by recorded facts by the subordinate authority or by legality and also be include review of any voice or recorded evidence. Special provisions with respect to evacuee property 33-A (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this Act:- (a) no decision of the Custodian (Evacuee Property thereinafter in this section referred to as the Custodian) in relation to title to any land vested in him as evacuee property under the provisions of the Administration of Evacuee property Act, 1950, shall be called in question and varied or reversed by any officer or authority under this act: and (b) nothing in this Act, shall be construed as requiring the Custodian to stay any proceedings in relation to title to any such land pending before him on the date of the coming into force of those provisions of this Act under which proceedings in relation to title to land are required to be stayed or as empowering the consolidation officer or any other officer or authority to refer for determination of any question of title in relation to such land involved in any proceedings pending before the custodian on such date. (2) Where as a result of consolidation operations in any village- (a) lands, which are vested as evacuee property in the Custodian under the provisions of, the Administration of Evacuee Property Act, 1950, are included in holdings which are not vested in the Custodian as evacuee property, such land shall. on and from the date, of the coming into force of the consolidation scheme cease to be so vested in the Custodian, and the provision of the said Act shall thereupon cease to apply in relation thereto; and (b) in lieu of such lands, corresponding lands shall be included in holdings which are vested in the Custodian as evacuee property, and such lands shall, on and from the date of the coming into force of the consolidation scheme, be deemed to be evacuee property declared as such within the meaning of die aforesaid Act and be vested in the Custodian and the provision of the said Act shall thereupon apply, so far as may be, in relation to such lands. Exchange of possession 33-B (1) Where change of possession becomes' necessary amongst tenure-holders including the Land Management Committee of the circle as a result of orders passed under section 33, it shall be lawful for them to exchange possession amongst themselves in, accordance with such orders. (2) Where change of possession cannot be effected by mutual arrangement, the Assistant Consolidation Officer shall affect delivery of possession to such tenure-holders and the Land Management Committee in accordance with the provisions of section 19. Bar to civil jurisdiction 34. Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, the declaration and adjudication of rights of tenure-holders in respect of land lying in an area, for which notification has been issued under sub-section (2) of section 3 or adjudication of any other rights arising out of consolidation proceedings and in regard to which a proceeding-could or ought to have been taken under this Act, shall be done in accordance with the provisions of this Act and no civil or revenue court shall entertain any suit or proceeding with respect to rights in such land or with respect to any other matters for which a proceeding could or ought to have been taken under this Act; Provided that nothing in this section shall preclude the Assistant Collector from initiating proceedings under section 122-B of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 in respect of any land possession over which has been delivered or deemed to be delivered to a Gaon Sabha under or in accordance with the provisions of this Act. Protection of action taken under this Act or rules made thereunder 34-A No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act or rules made thereunder. Exemption from court-fee 35. No court-fee shall be payable on any application made or any document filed, with the exception of a Vakalatnama, in any suit or proceedings under the provisions of this Act. Instrument not necessary to effect transfer 36. Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, no Instrument in writing shall be necessary for effecting a transfer of holdings involved in giving effect to a final consolidation scheme not shall any instrument, if executed, require registration. Close of consolidation operations 37. (1) As soon as may be after fresh maps and records have been prepared under sub­section (1) of section 18, the State Government shall issue a notification in the official Gazette that the consolidation operations have been closed in the unit and the village or villages forming part of the unit shall then cease to be under consolidation operations; Provided that the issue of the notification under this section shall not affect the powers of the State Government to fix distribute and recover the cost of operations under this Act. (2) The notification issued under sub-section (1) shall be published also in a daily newspaper having circulation in the area and in such other manner as may be considered proper. (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), any order passed by a court of competent jurisdiction in cases of writs filed under the provisions of the Constitution of India, or in cases for proceedings pending under this Act on the date of issue of the notification under sub-section (1), shall be given effect to by such, authorities as may be prescribed and the consolidation operations shall, for that purpose be deemed to have not closed. (4) Where the allotment or lease of any land, made before the consolidation scheme becomes final under section 16, is cancelled by an order tinder sub-section (4), of section 198 of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari abolition arid Land Reforms Act, 1950 and such order becomes final then notwithstanding anything contained in the provision of this Act, such order shall be given effect to by such authorities, as may be prescribed in the following manner, and the consolidation operation shall for that purpose, be deemed to nave not closed; namely- (a) the value of the land which was the subject matter of such allotment or lease shall first be ascertained in the manner prescribed ; (b) the value referred to in clause (a), shall be deducted from the total value of land allotted to the tenure-holder concerned during consolidation, proceedings; (c) the tenure-holder shall be entitled during consolidation proceeding to land equivalent in valuation of the said land. Special provisions for Chak Roads and Chak Guls 37-A (1) In the case of a unit in relation to which a notification under sub-section (1) of section 37 has been issued before the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Consolidation of Holdings (Amendment) Act, 2015 the Collector may, if he is of opinion that there exists no provision or inadequate provision of chak roads of chak guls in the unit, and shall if a representation in that behalf by not less than ten per cent of the total number of tenure holders is made to him within six months of the said commencement proceed to take action under sub-section (2), anything to the contrary contained in section 37 notwithstanding. (2) The Collector shall cause a notice of the proposal to take action under this section and also of the representation, if any, received under sub- section (1) to be given in the unit by beat of drum and in such other manner, if any, as he thinks fit and direct any Consolidation Officer to inspect the locality and take reasonable steps to ascertain the wishes of the tenure-holders or as the case may be of such of them as have not joined in the representation, and to make such other inquiry into the matter as he thinks fit. (3) Such Consolidation Officer shall make a report to the Collector on the advisability or otherwise of drawing up a plan making provision or as the case may he, more adequate provision, for chak roads or chak guls in the unit, and the Collector on being satisfied after considering such report that it is necessary or expedient so to do, shall cause a draft plan to be prepared. (4) The Assistant Consolidation Officer shall thereupon, after ascertaining informally the wishes of as many tenure-holder a of the unit as he considers practicable, prepare a draft plan in the prescribed form proposing such provision or additional provision of chak roads or chak guls, as may be necessary. In preparing the draft plan the Assistant Consolidation Officer shall have regard to the following principles, namely- (a) that as far as practicable, provision of chak roads and chak guls should be made primarily by utilising land vested in the Gaon Sabha and secondarily out of land held by those tenure holders whose chaks are connected with the proposed chak roads or chak guls and in the last resort, out of any other land: (b) there arrangement of chak should be made only to the extent it is really necessary for making provision of chaks roads and chalk guls with minimum possible, dislocation in, the consolidation scheme already confirmed. (5) The draft plan prepared under sub-section (4) shall be published in the prescribed manner. (6) Any person affected by the draft plan may within 15 days from the date of such publication file an objection in writing before the Consolidation Officer. (7) (a) The Consolidation Officer shall dispose of all objections after notice to the parties concerned: (b) Any person aggrieved by the order of the Consolidation Officer under clause (a) may Within 15 days from the date of the order, file an appeal before the Settlement Officer, Consolidation, whose decision thereon shall be final. (c) Before deciding the objections under clause (a), the Consolidation Officer, and before deciding the appeal under clause (b), the Settlement Officer, Consolidation, may make a local inspection of the site in dispute after notice to the parties concerned. (d) It shall be 1awful, for reasons to, be recorded in writing, for the Consolidation Officer under clause (a) and the Settlement Officer, Consolidation under clause (b) to modify the draft plan in the settlement with the principles specified in sub-section (4) and for the Settlement Officer, Consolidation, to remand the same either to the Consolidation Officer or to the Assistant Consolidation Officer with such directions as he thinks fit. (8) The Settlement Officer, Consolidation, shall confirm the plan­ (a) if no objections are filed within the time specified in sub-section (6); or (b) where such objections are filed, after the modifications or alternations as may be necessary in view of the orders passed oil objections and appeal under sub-section (7). (9) The plan confirmed under sub-section (8) shall be published in the unit in the prescribed manner and shall come into force on the date of such publication, and thereupon the consolidation scheme and the allotment orders made final under section 16 shall stand amended to the extent indicated in the plan, and fresh allotment orders shall be issued by the Settlement Officer, Consolidation accordingly. (10) The provisions of Chapter IV shall mutatis mutandis apply in relation to the said plan as they apply in relation to the final, consolidation scheme, and for the purposes of application of Chapter IV land contributed for chak roads and chak guls provided under this section shall be deemed to be land contributed for public purposes under section 8. Mutal exchange of chaks between tenure- holders 38. It shall be lawful for the Settlement Officer, Consolidation, at any stage of the consolidation proceedings but before the preparation of the final records under section 18, to allow mutual exchange of chaks, or part thereof by agreement between the tenure-holders, where he is satisfied that the exchange will improve the shape of chaks, or reduce their number and generally lead to greater satisfaction amongst them. Recognition of consolidation scheme prepared by tenure-holders 38-A (1) The Deputy Director of Consolidation may recognize a consolidation scheme in respect of a village within or without a consolidation area, prepared voluntarily by the tenure-holders of the village, where he is satisfied that it conforms to the broad principles of consolidation under this Act, and has support of all the tenure-holders concerned and is of her wise fair to all concerned. (2) The consolidation scheme recognized under sub-section (1) shall be deemed to have been prepared and confirm under the provisions of this Act and shall be enforced thereunder. Limitation 38-B The provision of section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1963 shall apply to the application, appeals, revisions and other proceedings under this Act or the rules made thereunder. Power to make Rules 39. (1) The State Government may by notification in the Gazette make rules for the purposes of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of foregoing power, such he may provide for :- (a) the form of notification under sub-section (2) of section 3 ; (b) the constitution of consolidation committee under clause (d) of section 2, determination of the terms of members of the Consolidation Committee and action to be taken on a vacancy occurring therein; (c) the procedure for the disposal of suits and proceedings stayed under sub –section (2) of section 3 ; (d) the condition to be observed by the Settlement Officer (Consolidation) in granting permission referred to in clause (c) of sub- section (1) of section 3, for transfer of holdings of in the consolidation area; (e) procedure relating to the revision of maps and records including declaration of rights, partition of joint-holdings, valuation of plots, determination and apportionment of compensation for wells, trees and other Improvements and the preparation and publication of the statement of principles under sections 7 to 11 and 12 ; (f) the determination of land revenue over new holdings and distribution thereof on the portions of old holdings under section 12-A ; (g) procedure relating to amalgamation of holding under section 12-B ; (g) the procedure and the manner relating to the preparation publication and confirmation of the. consolidation scheme under sections 13-A, 14 and 16; (i) the procedure and the manner of issue of allotment orders under section 16; (j) title procedure and the manner in which the views of the Consolidation Committee shall be obtained on matters specified for this purpose ; (k) the determination of the public purposes for which areas may be earmarked and the manner in which this shall be done ; (l) the matters relating to transfer of rights from the public land to other land earmarked for public purposes; (m) the procedure for entering into possession under sections 17 and 19; (n) the procedure and the manner for determination of compensation to be paid to or recovered from any person under this Act; (o) the circumstances and the matters which shall be taken into consideration in distributing the cost of consolidation. including the proportion in which the distribution may be made; (p) the matters relating to the mode of service of notice or documents under this Act ; (q) the procedure to be followed in all proceedings including applications and appeals under this Act ; (r) the duties of any officer, or authority having jurisdiction under this Act and the procedure to be followed by such officer and authority; (s) the time within which applications and appeals may be presented under this Act in cases for which no specific provision in that behalf has been made herein; (t) imposing limits of time within which things to be done for the purposes of the rules must be done, with or without powers to any authority therein specified to extend limits imposed; (u) the transfer of proceedings from one authority or officer to another; and (v) any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed. (3) All rules made under this section shall, as soon as may, after they are made, be laid before each House of the State Legislature, while it is in session, unless some later date is appointed, take effect from the date of their publication in the Gazette, subject to such modification or annulments as the two Houses of the Legislature may, during the said period agree to make so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done thereunder. ----------