THE UTTAR PRADESH MUSLIM WAQFS ACT, 1960

228 mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960 ¿m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 16] 1960À THE UTTAR PRADESH MUSLIM WAQFS ACT, 1960 [U. P. ACT NO. XVI OF 1960] 229 mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960 1 ¿m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 16] 1960À m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 25] 1963 m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 26] 1966 m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 3] 1970 m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 18] 1972 m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 11] 1974 }kjk la”kksf/kr ¿mRrj izns”k fo/kku ifj’kn~ us fnukad 6 vizSy] 1960 rFkk mRrj izns”k fo/kku lHkk us fnukad 28 vizSy] 1960 dh cSBd eas Lohdr̀ fd;kA ^^Hkkjr dk lafo/kku** ds vuqPNsn 201 ds vUrxZr jk’Vªifr us fnukad 27 vxLr] 1960 bZ0 dks Lohdf̀r iznku dh vkSj mRrj izns”kh; ljdkjh vlk/kkj.k xtV eas fnukad 3 flrEcj] 1960 bZ0 dks izdkf”kr gqvkAÀ mRrj izns”k eas dfri; oxkZs ds oDQkas ds vPNs “kklu] iz”kklu vkSj i;Zos{k.k dh O;oLFkk ds fy;s vf/kfu;e ;g b’Vdj gS fd mRrj izns”k eas dfri; oxkZsa ds oDQkas ds vPNs “kklu] iz”kklu vkSj i;Zos{k.k dh O;oLFkk dh tk;s A vr,o Hkkjrh; x.kra= ds X;kjgosa o’kZ eas fuEufyf[kr vf/kfu;e cuk;k tkrk gS %& izkjfEHkd 1&& ¼1½ ;g vf/kfu;e mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960 dgyk;ssxk A laf{kIr uke] foLrkj vkSj izkjEHk ¼2½ bldk izlkj leLr mRrj izns”k esa ykxw gksxk A ¼3½ ;g rqjUr izpfyr gksxk A 2&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e eas fo”ks’k :Ik ls mfYyf[kr fdlh vU; O;oLFkk ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] ;g vf/kfu;e mu lHkh oDQkas ij izoR̀r gksxk] ftueas lekfo’V lEifRr dk dksbZ Hkkx mRrj izns”k eas fLFkr gks] pkgs os bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds igys cus gksa ;k ihNs( vkSj mu lHkh oDQkas ij Hkh izoR̀r gksxk] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds izpfyr gksus ds le; ;w0ih0eqfLye oD¶l ,sDV] 1936 ds v/khu la?kfVr lqUuh lsUVªy cksMZ ;k f”k;k lsUVªy cksMZ ds v/kh{k.k eas FksA vf/kfu;e dh izòfRr 2 ¿¼2½ ;g vf/kfu;e ,sls fucU/kksa ij] tks vc rd gqlsukckn bUMkmeasV ,sDV] 1878 }kjk “kkflr gksrs Fks] ,sls U;klkas ¼VªLV~l½ ij] ftUgas “kkg utQ VªLV dh fdaXl lkbM vkSj DohUl lkbM dgk tkrk gS] ,sls oDQkas ij ftUgsa oDQ vCcw lkgc] jkstk dkteSu oDQ othj csxe] y[kuÅ dgk tkrk gS vkSj fdlh ,sls vU; fuca/k] U;kl ;k oDQ ij] tks vc rd mDr gqlsukckn baMkmesUV ,sDV ds v/khu fu;qDr VªfLV;ksa }kjk iz”kkflr gksrs Fks] Hkh ykxw gksxk vkSj ;s lHkh fuca/k] U;kl ¼VªLV½ ;k oDQ bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s oDQ le>s tk;sxsa A ;w0ih0 ,sDV] la[;k 13] 1936 1- mnns”;kas vkSj dkj.kksa ds fooj.k ds fy;s 24 Qjojh] 1960 bZ0 dk ljdkjh vlk/kkj.k xtV nsf[k;s A 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 25] 1963 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfir] tks 3 flrEcj 1960 ls izpfyr le>h tk;sA 230 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 3À izfrca/k ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkj dks mi;qZDr fuca/k] U;kl vkSj oDQ ij bldh izof̀Rr ds laca/k eas ljdkjh xtV eas foKfIr }kjk] dksbZ vuqdwyu] pkgs os ifj’dkj ds :Ik eas gks ;k ifjo)Zu vFkok yksi ds :Ik esa] djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk tks og mfpr le>s] vkSj ftudk bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas ds ewyrRo ij dksbZ izHkko u iM+rk gksAÀ 1 ¼3½ ¿ * * *À 2 3&& fo’k; ;k izlax eas dksbZ ckr izfrdwy u gksus ij] bl vf/kfu;e esas && ifjHkk’kk;as ¼1½ ^^fgrxzkgh** dk rkRi;Z ml O;fDr ;k mn~ns”; ls gS] ftlds fgr oDQ cuk;k tk;s vkSj blds vUrxZr /kkfeZd] /keZ”khy ;k iwrZ mn~ns”; rFkk eqfLye lEiznk; ;k mlds fdlh fQjds ds fgr ds fy;s LFkkfir yksdksi;ksfxrk dk dksbZ vU; mn~ns”; Hkh gS ( ¼2½ ^^cksMZ** dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu la?kfVr lqUuh lsUVªy cksMZ ;k f”k;k lsUVªy ls gS ( ¼3½ ^^vk;qDr** dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 4 ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr oDQ vk;qDr ls gS ( ¼4½ ^^ifjokj** ds vUrxZr fuEufyf[kr gS&& ¼1½ ekrk&firk] nknh&ckck rFkk ukuh&ukuk ( ¼2½ iRuh ;k ifr ( vkSj ¼3½ fdlh iq:’k ;k L=h iwoZt }kjk lEc) O;fDr ( ¿¼5½ ^^eqroYyh** dk rkRi;Z fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls gS] tks ;k rks vfyf[kr :Ik ls vFkok fdlh ,sls foys[k ;k dj.k ds vUrxZr] ftlls dksbZ oDQ l̀ftr fd;k gks ;k fdlh l{ke vf/kdkjh }kjk fdlh oDQ dk eqroYyh fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks vkSj blds vUrxZr dksbZ uk;kc eroYyh] [kkfne] eqtkfoj] lTtknku”khu] vehu ;k eqroYyh ds drZO;kas dk ikyu djus ds fy;s fdlh eqroYyh }kjk fu;qDr dksbZ vzU; O;fDr Hkh gS vkSj bl vf/kfu;e esa vU;Fkk dh xbZ O;oLFkk ds flok;] dksbZ ,slk O;fDr ;k lfefr Hkh gS] tks rRle; bl :Ik esa fdlh oDQ lEifRr dk izca/k ;k iz”kklu dj jgh gks (À 3 ¼6½ ^^”kq} vk;** dk rkRi;Z ljdkj ;k fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dks ns; jktLo] midj] LFkkuh; dj] dj ;k vf/kdkj ¼Surcharge½ ?kVkus ds ckn “ks’k dqy vk; ls gS ( ¼7½ ^^lEifRr** ds vUrxZr ljdkjh izfrHkwfr;ka rFkk ca/ki=] QekZsa vkSj dEifu;kas ds va”k] LdU/k ¼LVkd½] _.ki= ¼Debentures½ rFkk vU; izfrHkwfr;ka vkSj dj.k rFkk udnh vkSj vU; inkFkZ Hkh gS ( ¼8½ ^^fu;r** dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ mifof/k;aksa ;k fu;ekas }kjk fu;r ls gS ( ¼9½ ^^milfefr** dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 27 ds v/khu fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= ds fy;s fu;qDr mi&lfefr ls gS ( ¼10½ ^^vf/kdj.k** dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 70 ds v/khu la?kfVr vf/kdj.k ls gS ( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 25] 1963 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfir] tks 3 flrEcj 1960 ls izpfyr le>h tk;sA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk fudkyh xbZA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼d½ }kjk j[kk x;k A 231 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 4&6À ¼11½ ^^oDQ** dk rkRi;Z fdlh lEifRr dk fdlh ,sls iz;kstu ds fy;s LFkk;h leiZ.k ;k vuqnku ls gS] tks eqfLye fof/k ;k izFkk ds vuqlkj /kkfeZd] /keZ”khy ;k iwrZ ds :Ik esa Lohdr̀ gks vkSj blds vUrxZr oDQ vyy&vkSykn ¿ml lhek rd tgka rd lEifRr mi;qZDr fdlh ,sls iz;kstukas ds fy;s lefiZr ;k vuqnRr gksÀ 1 rFkk mi;ksxo”k oDQ Hkh gS( vkSj ^^okfdQ** dk rkRi;Z ml O;fDr ls gS tks ,slk leiZ.k ;k vuqnku djsa( ¼12½ ^^oDQ lEifRr** ds vUrxZr /keZLFkku] edcjs ;k bekeckM+s ij p<+kbZ xbZ oLrq;as Hkh gS( vkSj ¼13½ ^^jkT; ljdkj** dk rkRi;Z mRrj izns”k dh ljdkj ls gSA v/;k; 1 oDQkas dk losZ{k.k 4&& jkT; eas ;k mlds fufnZ’V {ks=kas eas fLFkr leLr oDQ lEifRr;kas dk losZ{k.k djus ds fy;s pkgs os oDQ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu gks ;k u gks jkT; ljdkj] le;&le; ij] ljdkjh xtV eas foKfIr }kjk] ,d oDQ vk;qDr rFkk mrus vij oDQ vk;qDr ;k lgk;d oDQ vk;qDr] ftrus vko”;d gks] fu;qDr dj ldrh gS A oDQ vk;qDr rFkk vij ;k lgk;d oDQ vk;qDrksa dh fu;qfDr 5&& vij oDQ vk;qDr ;k lgk;d oDQ vk;qDr] ,sls lHkh vf/kdkjks dk iz;ksx rFkk ,sls lHkh drZO;kas dk ikyu djsxk] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vk;qDr dks iznku fd;s x;s gS ;k ftuds fy;s mls vkns”k fn;k x;k gks A 6&& ¼1½ vk;qDr oDQkas ds losZ{k.k dk;Z dks vius rFkk vij vkSj lgk;d vk;qDrkas ds chp ,slh jhfr ls foHkkftr djsxk] tks og mfpr le>s rFkk lkekU;rk rFkk mlds dk;Z dk i;Zos{k.k djsxk vkSj ml ij fu;a=.k j[ksxk A oDQkas ds losZ{k.k ¼2½ oDQ vk;qDr ,slh tkap djus ds i'pkr] tks og vko”;d le>s] fuEufyf[kr ckrsa lqfuf”pr rFkk vo/kkfjr djsxk %&& ¼d½ f”k;k oDQkas rFkk lqUuh oDQkas dks vyx vyx fn[kkrs gq;s] {ks= ds leLr oDQkas dh la[;k ( ¼[k½ izR;sd oDQ dk izdkj rFkk mn~ns”; ( ¼x½ izR;sd oDQ eas lekfo’V lEifRr dh ldy vk; ( ¼?k½ izR;sd oDQ&lEifRr ds laca/k eas ljdkj ;k LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dks ns; jktLo] midj] LFkkuh; dj] dj vkSj vf/kHkkj dh /kujkf”k ( ¼³½ vk; dh olwyh esa gksus okys O;; rFkk izR;sd oDQ ds eqroYyh dk osru ;k vU; ikfjJfed ( ¼p½ ¿ * * * À 2 ¼N½ izR;sd oDQ ds laca/k eas ,sls vU; fooj.k] tks fu;r fd;s tk;s % izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn bl fo’k; esa fookn gks fd dksbZ oDQ fo”ks’k f”k;k oDQ gS ;k lqUuh oDQ gS vkSj oDQ&foys[k ds dFkukas ls ;g Li’V :Ik ls yf{kr gks fd og fdl laaiznk; dk gS rks ml fookn dk fu.kZ; mDr dFkukas ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tk;sxk A 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 3 ¼[k½ }kjk j[kk x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 232 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 7&9À ¼3½ vk;qDr dks tkap djrs le; ogh vf/kdkj izkIr gkssxas] tks dksM vkQ flfoy izkslhtj] 1908 ds v/khu fuEufyf[kr fo’k;kas ds laca/k eas O;ogkj U;k;ky; ¼flfoy dksVZ½ esa fufgr gksrs gS %& ,sDV la0 5] 1908 ¼d½ fdlh lk{kh dks cqykuk rFkk mldk c;ku ysuk ( ¼[k½ fdlh ys[; dks izdV djus rFkk mls izLrqr djus dh vis{kk djuk ( ¼x½ fdlh U;k;ky; ;k dk;kZy; ds fdlh lkoZtfud vfHkys[k dh ekax djuk ( ¼?k½ ys[kkas rFkk lkf{k;kas ds ijh{k.k ds fy;s deh”ku tkjh djuk ( ¼³½ dksbZ LFkkuh; fujh{k.k ;k LFkkuh; vuqla/kku djuk ( rFkk ¼p½ dksbZ vU; fo’k;] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu;r fd;k tk; A ¼4½ vk;qDr] vij vk;qDr ;k lgk;d oDQ vk;qDr tkap ds izfrosnu dks] ftleas mi/kkjk ¼2½ eas mfYyf[kr fooj.k gksxsaA izR;sd oDQ cksMZ rFkk jkT; ljdkj dks izLrqr djsxk vkSj jkT; ljdkj ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz ljdkjh xtV eas fo”ks’k fQjds ls lEc) ,sls oDQkas dks foKkfir djsxh] ftu ij mDr izfrosnu ds vuqlkj bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/k izoR̀r gksrs gksa A 7&& ¼1½ bl v/;k; ds v/khu losZ{k.k djus dk lEiw.kZ djus dk lEiw.kZ O;;] ;fn losZ{k.k iwjs jkT; esa gks rks] jkT; esa fLFkr oDQ&lEifRr dh vk; ds vuqikr esa lHkh eqrofYy;kas }kjk ogu fd;k tk;sxk vkSj ;fn losZ{k.k fdlh {ks= fo”ks’k rd gh lhfer gks rks ml {ks= eas fLFkr oDQ lEifRr dh vk; ds vuqikr esa fLFkr oDQkas eas eqrofYy;kas }kjk ogu fd;k tk;sxk A losZ{k.k O;; dh olwyh ¼2½ oDQ LFkkfir djus okys ds fdlh foys[k ;k dj.k eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh] dksbZ eqroYyh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu mlds }kjk ns; fdlh /kujkf”k dks oDQ lEifRr dh vk; esa ls ns ldrk gS A ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu eqroYyh }kjk ns; dksbZ /kujkf”k] jkT; ljdkj }kjk izek.k i=&tkjh fd;s tkus ij] /kkjk 83 eas O;ofLFkr jhfr ls olwy dh tk ldrh gS A 8&& ¼1½ ;fn ;g fookn mBs fd dksbZ lEifRr&fo”ks’k oDQ lEifRr ls gS ;k ugha vFkok oDQ f“k;k oDQ gS ;k lqUuh oDQ rks lEc) cksMZ ;k oDQ dk eqroYyh vFkok mleas LoRo j[kus okyk dksbZ O;fDr mDr fookn dks fu.kZ; ds fy;s vf/kdj.k dks bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj vfHkfn’V dj ldrk gS % izfrca/k ;g gS fd /kkjk 6 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds v/khu oDQkas dh lwph izdkf”kr gksus ds fnukad ls ,d o’kZ lekIr gks tkus ds i'pkr~ vf/kdj.k }kjk dksbZ ,slk fookn xzg.k ugha fd;k tk;sxk A ¼2½ vk;qDr] vij oDQ vk;qDr ;k lgk;d oDQ vk;qDr dks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh dk;Zokgh esa i{k ds :Ik eas ugha j[kk tk;sxkA 9&& ¼1½ bl v/;k; ds mica/k }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds vkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ “kq: fd;s x;s oDQ&lEifRr;kas ds fdlh losZ{k.k dh dk;Zokgh ij izoR̀r u gksxsa vkSj ,slk losZ{k.k ;w0 ih0 eqfLye oDQ ,sDV] 1936 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj iwjk fd;k tk;sxk A ;w0ih0,sDV la0 13] 1936 233 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 10&11À ¼2½ bl v/;k; ds fdlh ckr dk mu fo’k;kas esa eq[; jkT; oDQ vk;qDr ¼Chief State Commissioner of Waqfs½ ;k fdlh jkT; oDQ vk;qDr vFkok oDQ vk;qDr ds fu.kZ;kas dh vfUrerk ij izHkko u iM+sxk] ftueas bl vf/kfu;e ds izHkkoh gksus ds iwoZ ,sls vk;qDr dk izfrosnu vafre gks x;k gks A v/;k; 2 cksMZ dh LFkkiuk vkSj muds dR̀; 10&& ¼1½ mRrj izns”k eas nks iF̀kd cksMZ LFkkfir fd;s tk;sxsa] tks oDQkas ds ^^lqUuh lsUVªy cksMZ** rFkk ^^f”k;k lsUVªy cksMZ** dgyk;sxaasA izR;sd cksMZ ,d fuxfer fudk; gksxk vkSj mls “kk”or mRrjkf/kdkj izkIr gksxk rFkk mldh ,d lkekU; eqgj gksxh vkSj mDr uke ls og okn izLrqr djsxk rFkk mlds fo:) okn izLrqr fd;k tk;sxk % izfrca/k ;g gS fd ,sls cksMZ] tks ;w0ih0 eqfLye oDQ ,sDV] 1936 ds v/khu la?kfVr fd;s x;s Fks vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds le; dk;Z dj jgs Fks] bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu la?kfVr fd;s x;s le>s tk;sxsa rFkk ;w0ih0 eqfLye oDQ ,sDV] 1936 ds v/khu vius dk;Zdky dh lekfIr rd dk;Z djrs jgsxsa A lsUVªy cksMksZ dh LFkkiuk ;w0ih0,sDV la0 13] 1936 ;w0ih0,sDV la0 13] 1946 ¼2½ dksbZ ckr] ftldk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu] cksMZ }kjk fd;k tkuk visf{kr ;k vuqKkr gks] lqUuh oDQksa ds fo’k; eas lqUuh lsUVªy cksMZ }kjk vkSj f”k;k oDQkas ds fo’k; esa f”k;k lsUVªy cksMZ }kjk dh tk;sxh % izfrca/k ;g gS fd f”k;k lsUVªy cksMZ dk ¿/kkjk 2 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ eas vfHkfn’V oDQ] fuca/k vkSj U;kl ij fu;a=.k rFkk v/kh{k.kÀ 1 ,sls funs”kkas ds v/khu jgsxk] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk le;&le; ij tkjh fd;s tk;sa A 11&& ¿¼1À 2 lqUuh lsUVªy cksMZ eas fuEufyf[kr lqUuh eqlyeku gksxas] tks ¿ * * * À 5 fuokZfpr fd;s tk;sxas ;k ¿vkxs nh xbZ jhfr ls vkesfyr ;k uke fufnZ’V fd;s tk;sxsaAÀ 3 lqUuh lsUVªy cksMZ dk la?kVu ¿¼1½ N% lnL;] ftlesa ls de ls de ,d jkT; fo/kku ifj’kn~ dk lnL; gksxk] ftudk fuokZpu jkT; fo/kku eaMy ds lqUuh lnL; vius esa ls djssxsa(À 4 ¿¼2½ mRrj izns”k LVsV ckj dkmfUly ds uke fuosf”kr nks lqUuh ,MoksdsV] ftudk fuokZpu gkbZ dksVZ ckj ,”kksfl;s”ku] bykgkckn rFkk vo/k ckj ,”kksfl;s”ku] y[kuÅ ds lqUuh lnL; djsxsaa(À 6 ¿¼3½ mu O;fDr;ksa] tks jkT; ljdkj dh jk; eas bLykfed /keZ fo|k ds ekU;rk izkIr fo}ku gksa] eas ls jkT; ljdkj }kjk uke&fufnZ’V fd;k tkus okyk ,d lnL;(À 7 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 25] 1963 bZ0 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk j[ks x;s tks 3 flrEcj] 1960 ls izHkkoh le>s tk;sA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1970 bZ0 dh /kkjk ¼2½ ¼1½ }kjk /kkjk 11 dks mldh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds :Ik esa iqula[;kfdr fd;k x;k A 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1970 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 ¼1½ ¼1½ }kjk j[ks x;s A 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 18] 1972 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 ¼d½ }kjk j[ks x;s A 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 11] 1974 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 ¼d½ }kjk fudkys x;s A 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 11] 1974 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 ¼[k½ }kjk j[ks x;s A 7- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 23 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 234 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 12&13À ¿¼4½ nks lnL;ksa] ftuesa ls ,d foRr ds laca/k eas rFkk nwljk iz”kklu ds laca/k eas Kku ;k O;kogkfjd vuqHko j[krk gks] jkT; ljdkj }kjk uke&fufnZ’V fd;s tk;sxsa (À 1 ¼5½ ,d lnL;] tks mi;qDr ¿X;kjgÀ 2 lnL;ksa }kjk ,sls oDQksa ds] ftu ij ;g vf/kfu;e ykxw gksrk gks vkSj ftueas ls izR;sd dh de ls de ¿rhu gtkj :i;sÀ 3 dh okf’kZd vk; gks] eqrofYy;kas esa ls vkesfyr fd;k tk;sxk A ¼6½ v/;{k] ;fn og mi;qZDr ¿ckjgÀ 4 lnL;kas esa ls u gks A ¿¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fuokZpu rFkk vkesyu ,sls le; ds Hkhrj rFkk ,slh jhfr ls fd;s tk;ssxsa] tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj lkekU; vFkok fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk funs”k ns] rFkk fdlh ,sls fuokZpu vFkok vkesyu ls lacaf/kr dksbZ iz”u vFkok fookn jkT; ljdkj dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tk;sxk] ftldk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxkAÀ 5 ¿12&& ¿¼1½À 6 f”k;k lsUVªy cksMZ eas fuEufyf[kr f”k;k eqlyeku gksxsa] tks ¿ * * *À 7 fuokZfpr fd;s tk;sxas ;k vkxs nh xbZ jhfr ls vkesfyr fd;s tk;sxas ¿;k uke fufnZ’V fd;s tk;sxsa ;k insu gksxsa %&À 8 f”k;k lsUVªy cksMZ dk la?kVu ¿¼1½ jkT; fo/kku eaMy ds leLr f”k;k lnL; (À 9 ¿¼2½ ,d lnL; jkT; ljdkj }kjk uke fufnZ’V fd;k tk;sxk (À 10 ¼3½ ,d lnL; ftldk fuokZpu f”k;k dkyst] y[kuÅ ds cksMZ vkQ VªLVht }kjk vius lnL;kas esa ls fd;k tk;sxk( ¿¼4½ rhu lnL;] ftueas ls ,d fdlh oDQ dk] ftl ij ;g vf/kfu;e ykxw gksrk gks] vkSj ftldh de ls de ¿rhu gtkj :i;sÀ 12 dh okf’kZd vk; gks] eqroYyh gksxk] nwljk lnL; ,slk gksxk] ftls foRr rFkk iz”kklu ds laca/k eas Kku ;k O;kogkfjd vuqHko gks vkSj rhljk lnL; vkfye gksxk] ¿iwoZorhZ [k.Mkas esa vfHkfn’V lnL;kasÀ 13 }kjk vkesfyr fd;s tk;sxsa(À 11 ¼5½ v/;{k] ;fn og ¿iwoZorhZ [k.Mkas esa vfHkfn’V lnL;kasÀ 14 esa ls u gksa( ¿¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fuokZpu rFkk vkesyu ,sls le; ds Hkhrj ;k ,slh jhfr ls fd;s tk;sxsa] tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj lkekU; dksbZ iz”u vFkok fookn jkT; ljdkj dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tk;sxk ftldk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxkAÀ 15 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1970 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 ¼1½ ¼2½ }kjk [k.M ¼4½ o ¼5½ j[ks x;s A 2- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 18] 1972 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 ¼d½ }kjk j[ks x;s A 3- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 18] 1972 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 ¼?k½ }kjk j[ks x;s A 5- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 11] 1972 bZ0 dh /kkjk 2 ¼x½ }kjk j[ks x;sA 6- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1970 bZ0 dh /kkjk 3 ¼1½ }kjk /kkjk 12 mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds :Ik iqula Z[;kafdrA 7- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 11] 1974 bZ0 dh /kkjk 3 ¼d½ }kjk fudkys x;s A 8- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 18] 1972 bZ0 dh /kkjk 3 ¼1½ ¼d½ }kjk j[ks x;s A 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼1½ ¼[k½ j[ks x;s A 10- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1970 bZ0 dh /kkjk 3 ¼1½ ¼1½ }kjk j[ks x;s A 11- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼1½ ¼2½ }kjk j[kk x;k A 12- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk j[kk x;k A 13- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 18] 1972 bZ0 dh /kkjk 3 ¼1½ ¼x½ }kjk j[kk x;k A 14- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 11] 1974 bZ0 dh /kkjk 3 ¼[k½ }kjk j[kk x;k A 15- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 235 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 13&14À 1 ¿13&& ¿;fn /kkjk 12 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼3½ eas vfHkfn’V dksbZ Hkh fudk;À 8 tks fo|eku u gks vFkok ¿,sls le; ds Hkhrj tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk rnFkZ fufnZ’V fd;k tk;sÀ 2 ¿lnL;kas dks visf{kr la[;k esa pqudj Hkstus esa vleFkZ gksÀ 3 rks deh dh iwfrZ jkT; ljdkj }kjk] ¿f”k;k eqfLyeÀ 9 ds uke funsZ”k u djds dh tk;sxhAÀ 1 dfri; n”kkvkas esa uke funsZ”k u ¿13&d&& lnL;ksa ds fuokZpu] uke&funZs”ku vkSj vkesyu vkSj v/;{k ds fuokZpu ds iwjk gks tkus ds Ik”pkr~ ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz] jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV eas vf/klwpuk izdkf”kr djsxh fd cksMZ ;Fkkor laxfBr gks x;k gSA cksMZ ds laxBu dh vf/klwpuk 13&[k&& tgka fdlh U;k;ky; ds fdlh vkns”k ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik vFkok fdlh vU; dkj.k ls jkT; ljdkj cksMZ ds ;Fkkor~ laxBu dh vf/klwpuk tkjh djus eas vleFkZ gks vkSj v/;{k ds fuokZpu ds fnukad ls ikap o’kZ ls vf/kd dk le; O;rhr gks tk; rks cksMZ dk laxBu vf/klwfpr ugha fd;k tk;sxk vkSj u;s cksMZ dk laxBu djus ds fy;s lnL;ksa dk fuokZpu] uke&funsZ”ku vkSj vkesyu u;s fljs ls fd;k tk;sxkAÀ 10 dfri; ifjfLFkfr;ksa eas u;s fuokZpu ¿14À 4 && /kkjk 23 ds mica/kkas ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] cksMZ ds lnL;kas dk dk;Zdky ¿mlds laxBu dh foKfIr ds fnukad lsÀ 5 ikpa o’kZ dk gksxk % cksMZ ds dk;Z dky izfrca/k ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkj] ljdkjh xtV eas foKfIr }kjk] mDr vof/k dks ,d o’kZ ls vf/kd dh vfrfjDr dh vof/k ds fy;s c<+k ldrh gS % ¿izfrca/k ;g gS fd flok; mi/kkjk ¼2½ eas micaf/kr n”kk eas] cksMZ ds cfgxkZeh lnL; ¼ftleas cksMZ dk v/;{k Hkh lfEefyr gS½ bl ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh mudk dk;Zdky lekIr gks x;k] rc rd dze”k% lnL; vkSj v/;{k ds :Ik eas viuk in /kkj.k fd;s jgsxsa tc rd fd jkT; ljdkj }kjk u;s cksMZ dk ;Fkksfpr :Ik ls laxfBr fd;k tkuk ljdkjh xtV eas foKfIr u dj fn;k tk;sAÀ 6 ¿¼2½ ;fn fdlh U;k;ky; ds fdlh vUrfje vkns”k ds ifj.kke Lo:Ik ;k fdlh vU; dkj.k ls jkT; ljdkj u;s cksMZ dh ;Fkksfpr :Ik ls la?kfBr fd;s tkus dh foKfIr tkjh djus esa vleFkZ gks ;k ,slh foKfIr ds tkjh gksus ds i'pkr~ u;k cksMZ dk;Z djus esa vleFkZ gks rks jkT; ljdkj] U;k;ky; ds fdlh vUrfje vkns”k dh n”kk eas] ,sls vkns”k ds fdz;kdky ds nkSjku vkSj fdlh vU; n”kk eas ¿nks o’kZ ;k cksMZ ds laxBu rd] tks Hkh igys gks]À 11 ls vuf/kd vof/k ds fy;s] cksMZ ds fu;a=d ds :Ik eas] ;FkkfLFkfr] dksbZ lqUuh eqfLye vf/kdkjh ;k f”k;k eqfLye vf/kdkjh] tks jkT; ljdkj ds la;qDr lfpo ls fuEu Lrj dk u gks] fu;qDr dj ldrh gS vkSj ,slk fu;a=d] cksMZ vkSj mlds v/;{k vkSj lnL;kas ds lHkh d`R;kas dk fuoZgu] vf/kdkjkas dk iz;ksx vkSj drZO;kas dk ikyu djsxkA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fdlh fu;a=d dh fu;qfDr ij] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds tSlh fd og mÙkj izns”k eqfLye oDQ ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ Fkh] v/khu fu;a=d ds :Ik eas fu;qDr O;fDr ,slk fu;a=d ugha jg tk;sxkAÀ 7 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1970 bZ0 dh /kkjk 3 ¼1½ ¼ii½ }kjk j[kk x;k A 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 11] 1974 bZ0 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk j[kk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 7 }kjk j[kk x;k A 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1970 bZ0 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk /kkjk 14] 14 ¼1½ ds :Ik eas iqulZa[;kafdr dh x;h A 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 5 ¼d½ ¼1½ }kjk j[kk x;k A 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 5 ¼d½ ¼2½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k vkSj 5 fnlEcj] 1969 ls c<+k;k x;k le>k tk;as A 7- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 21 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 23 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 3 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 10- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 11- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 236 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 15&19À 15&& ¼1½ ¿v/;{k ls fHkUu leLr lnL;kas ds fuokZpu vkesyu ;k uke funsZ”ku tSlh Hkh n”kk gksÀ 1 ds rqjUr i'pkr~ vkSj ckn eas tc dHkh fo|eku ;k izR;kf”kr fjfDr ds dkj.k ;k vU;Fkk] v/;{k fu;qDr djuk vko”;d gks tk;s] rks cksMZ dk lfpo] v/;{k fuokZfpr djus ds fy;s ¿,sls lnL;kas dh ,d cSBdÀ 2 cqyk;sxkA lnL; ;k rks vius esa ls fdlh dks vFkok fdlh vU; O;fDr dks v/;{k fuokZfpr dj ldrs gS % v/;{k dk fuokZpu] vkfn izfrca/k ;g gS fd fdlh ,sls oDQ dk eqroYyh ftl ij ;g vf/kfu;e izoR̀r gksrk gS vFkok ljdkjh dks’kk/;{k ¼xouZeasV Vsªtjj½ vFkok ljdkj dk ;k fdlh oDQ iz”kklu ;k dksbZ iw.kZdkfyd lsod v/;{k fuokZfpr ugha fd;k tk;sxk A ¼2½ v/;{k voSrfud gksxk ¿ * * * À 3 A 16&& ¼1½ cksMZ dk dk;kZy; y[kuÅ eas gksxk vkSj cksMZ dh cSBd dk;Z ds laiknu ds fy;s ,sls le; vkSj LFkku ij gksxh] tks fu;r fd;s tk;sa A dk;Z dk lapkyu ¼2½ cksMZ dh cSBd dh x.kiwfrZ cksMZ ds dqy lnL;kssa dh la[;k ds vk/ks ls gksxh % izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn cSBd x.kiwfrZ u gksus ds dkj.k LFkfxr dh tk;s rks ,sls LFkxu ds i'pkr~ izFke cSBd ds fy;s visf{kr x.kiwfrZ cksMZ ds dqy lnL;kas dks la[;k ds ,d&frgkbZ ls gksxh vkSj ;fn cSBd x.kiwfrZ u gksus ds dkj.k iqu% LFkfxr dh tk;s rks f}rh; ;k vuqorhZ LFkxuksijkUr cSBd ds fy;s x.kiwfrZ dh vko”;drk gksxh A ¼3½ cksMZ fu.kZ; vius mifLFkr rFkk er nsus okys lnL;ksa ds cgqer ls djsxkA erkas ds cjkcj gksus dh n”kk eas v/;{k dks fu.kkZ;d er nsus dk vf/kdkj gksxk A 17&& cksMZ vius iw.kZdkfyd lfpo ds in ij ,d O;fDr dks fu;qDr djsxh] ftldh vgZrk;as] osru HkRrs rFkk lsok dh vU; “krsZa og gksxh] tks fu;r dh tk;as % izfrca/k ;g gS fd lfpo] lqUuh lsUVªy cksMZ dh n”kk eas lqUuh lEiznk; dk vkSj f”k;k lsUVªy cksMZ dh n”kk esa f”k;k lEiznk; dk eqlyeku gksxk A lfpo dh fu;qfDr vkfn 18&& cksMZ ,sls deZpkfj;kas vkSj vf/kdkfj;kass dks] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas dks dk;kZfUor djus ds iz;kstu ds fy;s vko”;d gksa] ,sls osru HkRrs rFkk lsok dh vU; “krksZa ij fu;qDr dj ldrk gS tks fu;r dh tk;a A lsUVªy cksMZ ds deZpkfjoxZ 19&& ¼1½ ,sls ftu oDQkas ij ;g vf/kfu;e izoR̀r gksrk gS] mu lcdk lkekU; v/kh{k.k cksMZ esa fufgr gksxkA cksMZ ;g lqfuf”pr djus ds fy;s fd mlds v/kh{k.k ds v/khu oDQkas ¿* **À 4 dk vuqj{k.k] fu;a=.k rFkk izca/k mfpr :Ik ls gksrk gS vkSj mldh vk; mu iz;kstukas ds fy;s] ftuds fufeRr os LFkkfir fd;s x;s Fks ;k ftuds fufeRr os fo|eku gS] fof/kor yxkbZ tkrh gS] lHkh mfpr o vko”;d dk;Z djsxk A cksMZ ds d`R; ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds mica/kksa dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] cksMZ ds fuEufyf[kr vf/kdkj o drZO; gksxsa %&& 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26] 1966 bZ0 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk j[kk x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 11] 1974 bZ0 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk j[kk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1970 bZ0 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 25] 1963 bZ0 dh /kkjk 5 ¼1½ }kjk fudkyk x;k vkSj 3 flrEcj] 1960 ls izpfyr le>s tk;saA 237 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 20&21À ¼d½ iw.kZ rFkk izekf.kd vfHkys[k j[kuk] ftleas izR;sd ftys ds izR;sd oDQ dh mRifRr] vk;] mn~ns”;ksa vkSj fgrxzkfg;kas ds fo’k; eas lwpuk gks( ¼[k½ viuk ctV rS;kj djuk vkSj fuf”pr djuk ( ¼x½ eqrofYy;kas }kjk cksMZ dks izLrqr fd;s x;s ctVkas dks fuf”pr rFkk ikfjr djuk % izfrca/k ;g gS fd oDQ laifRr ds LoRo j[kus okys fdlh O;fDr }kjk ,sls iV~Vs] ca/kd] gLrkarj.k ;k ifjorZu ds fo:)] ,sls le; ds Hkhrj vkSj ,slh jhfr ls] tks fu;r dh tk;s] dh xbZ fdlh vkifRr ij fopkj fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mldk fu.kZ; mDr iV~Vs] ca/kd] gLrkarj.k ;k ifjorZu iwjk fd;s tkus ds iwoZ fd;k tk;sxk( ¼.k½ eqroYyh dks gVkuk ;k eqroYyh dks fu;qDr djuk vkSj bl izdkj fu;qDr eqroYyh dks bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu oDQ laifRr dk dCtk fnykuk % izfrca/k ;g gS fd djus ;k eqroYyh dks fu;qDr djus ;k oDQ lEifRr dk dksbZ vU; izca/k djus esa cksMZ] ;FkklaHko okfQd ds funs”kksa ds vuqlkj] ;fn dksbZ gks] dk;Z djsxk ( ¼r½ bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu eqroYyh ;k izca/k lfefr vFkok i;Zos{k.k lfefr dks funs”k nsuk( vkSj ¼Fk½ fof/k&U;k;ky; esa oDQkas ls lEc) oknkas rFkk dk;Zokfg;ksa dks lafLFkr djuk vkSj mudk izfrokn djukA 20&& ,sls izfrca/kks rFkk lhekvkas ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] tks fufnZ’V dh tk;sa] cksMZ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vius ,sls vf/kdkj vkSj drZO;] tks og vko”;d le>s] v/;{k ;k lfpo vFkok cksMZ ds fdlh vU; deZpkjh ;k fdlh lnL; dks izfrfufgr dj ldrk gS vkSj mlh izdkj ,sls fdlh izfrfu/kku dks okil ys ldrk gS A vf/kdkjaks dk izfrfu/kku 21&& ¼1½ dksbZ O;fDr cksMZ dk v/;{k ;k lnL; fu;qDr fd;s tkus ;k cus jgus ds fy;s vufgZr gksxk] ;fn og&& vugZrk;sa rFkk lnL;kas dk gVk;k tkuk ¼d½ xSj eqlyeku gks ( ¼[k½ bDdhl o’kZ ls de vk;q dk gks ( ¼x½ fodr̀ fpRr dk O;fDr gks ( ¼?k½ vuqUeqDr fnokfy;k gks ( ¼³½ uSfrd iru okys vijk/k ds fy;s fl)nks’k Bgjk;k x;k gks ( vFkok ¼p½ dqizca/k ;k Hkz’Vkpkj ds dkj.k igys dHkh lnL; ds in ls gVk;k x;k gks ;k fdlh l{ke U;k;ky; dh vkKk }kjk mDr dkj.kkas ls fdlh fo”okl ds in ls gVk;k x;k gks A ¼2½ ¿cksMZ vius v/;{k vFkok vius fdlh lnL; dks gVk ldrk gS] ;fn ogÀ 1 && ¼d½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ eas mfYyf[kr fdUgha vUkgZrkvkas ls xzLr gks ;k gk tk;s( ;k 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 23 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 6¼d½¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 238 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 22&25À ¼[k½ dk;Z djus ls badkj djs ;k dk;Z djus eas vleFkZ gks vFkok ¿pkgs v/;{k] lnL; vFkok vU;Fkk fdlh :Ik easÀ 2 ,slh jhfr ls dk;Z djas] ftls cksMZ dksbZ ,slk Li’Vhdj.k lquus ds i'pkr~ tks og ns] oDQkas ds fgr ds izfrdwy le>s( ;k ¼x½ cksMZ dh vuqKk ds fcuk vFkok i;kZIr dkj.k ds fcuk cksMZ dh ikap yxkrkj cSBdkas ls vuqifLFkr jgsA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu ¿v/;{k vFkokÀ 3 fdlh lnL; dk gVk;k tkuk ljdkjh xtV eas foKkfir fd;k tk;sxk A 22&& cksMZ dk v/;{k ;k dksbZ lnL; cksMZ dks i= fy[kdj vius in dk R;kx dj ldrk gS vkSj cksMZ }kjk ,slk R;kx&i= Lohdkj fd;s tkus ij ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus viuk in fjDr dj fn;k gS A v/;{k rFkk lnL;ksa dk R;kx i= ¿22&d&& dksbZ O;fDr] tks jkT; fo/kku eaMy dk lnL; gksus vFkok ,MoksdsV ;k eqroYyh ;k fdlh vU; fudk; dk izfrfuf/k gksus dh gSfl;r ls cksMZ dk lnL; gS] ml gSfl;r ij u jgus ij cksMZ dk lnL; u jg tk;sxk AÀ 1 lnL;rk dh lekfIr ¿23&& v/;{k vFkok fdlh lnL; ds in ls gVk;s tkus] in R;kx djus] èR;q gks tkus ;k vU; dkj.k ls mldk LFkku fjDr gks tkus ij bl vf/kfu;e eas O;ofLFkr jhfr ls mlds LFkku ij] ;FkkfLFkfr ,d u;k v/;{k vFkok lnL; fuokZfpr] vkesfyr ;k uke&fufnZ’V fd;k tk;sxk vkSj ,slk v/;{k vFkok lnL; rc rd inklhu jgsxk tc rd fd og v/;{k vFkok lnL;] ftlds LFkku dh og iwfrZ djrk gS] ,slh fjfDr u gksus dh n”kk eas inklhu jgus dk gdnkj gksxkAÀ 4 fjfDr dh iwfrZ 24&& cksMZ dks dksbZ dk;Z ;k dk;Zokgh] dsoy ¿mlds v/;{k vFkok fdlh lnL; ds inkas dh fdlh fjfDrÀ 5 ;k mlds la?kVu eas fdlh =qfV ds dkj.k voS/k ugha le>h tk;sxh A lnL; inkas dh fjfDr;ka dk la?kVu eaas =qfV] cksMZ ds dk;ksZ ;k dk;Zokfg;kas dks voS/k u djsxh A 25&& fdlh oDQ dk eqroYyh] cksMZ dks ;kfpd nsdj mlls ,sls oDQ dh lEifRr ds izca/k ;k iz”kklu dks izHkkfor djus okys fdlh iz”u ij viuh jk;] ea=.kk ;k funsZ”k nsus ds fy;s izkFkZuk dj ldrk gS vkSj cksMZ dks ml ij viuh jk;] ea=.kk ;k funsZ”k nsuk vko”;d gksxk % izfrca/k ;g gS fd cksMZ fdlh ,sls iz”u mDr jk;] ea=.kk ;k funsZ”k nsus ds fy;s ck/; u gksxk] tks mldh jk; esa la{ksir% fuLrkj.k ds fy;s mi;qDr iz”u u gks ;k tc cksMZ] fdlh vU; dkj.k ls] tks vfHkfyf[kr fd;k tk;sxk] ,slk djuk vuqi;qDr le>s A cksMZ dh jk; 1- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 11] 1974 bZ0 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk c<+k;h x;hA 2- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 23 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 6¼d½¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 6¼[k½ }kjk c<+k fn;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 7 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 8 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 239 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 26&29À 26&& ¿¼1½À 1 cksMZ viuh dk;Zokfg;ksa ;k vU; vfHkys[kkas dk tks mldh vfHkj{kk esa gksa] fujh{k.k djus rFkk mudh izfrfyfi;ka tkjh djus dh vuqefr ,sls “kqYd fn;s tkus ij vkSj ,sls izfrca/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq;s ns ldrk gS] tks fu;r fd;s tk;sA bl /kkjk ds v/khu tkjh dh x;h leLr izfrfyfi;ak cksMZ ds lfpo ¿;k cksMZ ds ,sls vf/kdkjh] ftls lfpo lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkKk }kjk rnFkZ izkf/kdr̀ djsaÀ 2 }kjk bafM;u bfoMasl ,sDV] 1872 dh /kkjk 76 eas O;ofLFkr jhfr ls izekf.kr dh tk;sxh ¿vkSj dk;Zokgh ;k vfHkys[k ds izFke n’̀V ;k lk{; ds :Ik eas xzg.k dh tk;sxh vkSj mleas vfHkfyf[kr fo’k; ;k O;ogkj ds fy;s ,sls izR;sd okn eas rFkk ml lhek rd lk{; ds :Ik esa xzg.k dh tk;sxh vkSj tgka rd ewy dk;Zokgh ;k vfHkys[k ;fn og izLrqr fd;k x;k gksrk] ,sls fo’k; ;k O;ogkj dks izekf.kr djus ds fy;s xzkgkz gksrkAÀ 3 vfHkys[kkas dk fujh{k.k rFkk izfrfyfi;kas dk tkjh fd;k tkuk ,sDV la011] 1872 ¿¼2½ cksMZ ds fdlh lnL;] vf/kdkj] ;k lsod ls] fdlh ,slh fof/kd dk;Zokgh eas ftlesa cksMZ ,d i{k u gks] dksbZ ,slk jftLVj ;k ys[; ftldh vUrZoLrq,a mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu izekf.kr izfrfyfi }kjk fl) dh tk ldrh gks] izLrqr djus dh] vFkok mlesa vfHkfyf[kr fo’k; ;k O;ogkj dks fl) djus ds fy;s lk{kh ds :Ik esa] mifLFkr gksus dh] rc rd vis{kk u dh tk;sxh tc rd fd U;k;ky; mu dkj.kksa ls] tks vfHkfyf[kr fd;s tk;ssxas] ,slh vkKk nsuk vko”;d u le>sAÀ 4 27&& ¼1½ cksMZ] tc dHkh ;g vko”;d le>s] fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= eas ml {ks= ds fdlh oDQ ;k lc oDQkas ds i;Zos{k.k ds fy;s milfefr dh LFkkiuk dj ldrh gSA mi&lfefr;ka ¼2½ mDr mi&lfefr dk la?kVu] dR̀; vksj drZZO; os gksxsa] tks cksMZ }kjk ¿le;&le; ij vo/kkfjr fd;s tk;sAÀ 5 v/;k; 3 oDQkas dh jftLVªh 28&& bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ ;w0ih0 eqfLye oDQ ,sDV] 1936 ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ dksbZ oDQ] bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas ds v/khu jftLVªhd̀r le>h tk;sxh A vkòfRr ;w0ih0,sDV la0 13] 1936 29&& ¼1½ izR;sd vU; oDQ dh] pkgs og bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu gks ;k u gks pkgs og bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ cuk;k x;k gks ;k mlds i'pkr] ml fQjds ds ftldk og oDQ gks] cksMZ ds dk;kZy; eas jftLVªh dh tk;sxh A jftLVªh ¼2½ oDQ lEifRr ij dCtk ikus ds rhu ekl ds Hkhrj eqroYyh jftLVªh ds fy;s izkFkZuk i= nsxk % izfrca/k ;g gS fd ,slk izkFkZuk i= okfdQ ;k mlds oa’kt vFkok oDQ ds fdlh fgrxzkgh ;k ml fQjds ds] ftldk og oDQ gks] fdlh eqlyeku }kjk fn;k tk ldrk gS A 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26] 1966 bZ0 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk j[ks x;sA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 9 ¼1½ }kjk /kkjk 26] 26 ¼1½ ds :Ik eas iquZla[;kafdr dh xbZ A 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 9 ¼1½ }kjk c<+k;h x;hA 4- mi;qZDr }kjk c<+k;k x;s A 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 9 ¼2½ }kjk c<+k;h x;hA 240 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 30À ¼3½ jftLVªh ds fy;s izkFkZuk i= ,sls izi= eas] ,slh jhfr ls vkSj ,sls LFkku ij fn;k tk;sxk] tks cksMZ fu;r djsa] vkSj mleas ;FkklaHko fuEufyf[kr C;kSj gksxsa&& ¼d½ oDQ lEifRrkas dk fooj.k] tks mu lEifRr;kas dh igpku ds fy;s i;kZIr gksa ( ¼[k½ ,slh lEifRr;ksa ls gksus okyh ldy okf’kZd vk; ( ¼x½ oDQ lEifRr;ksa ds laca/k eas izfro’kZ ns; ekyxqtkjh] midj vkSj LFkkuh; dj rFkk dj dh /kujkf”k ( ¼?k½ oDQ lEifRr;kas dh vk; olwy djus esa izfro’kZ gksus okys O;;kas dk r[kehuk ( ¼³½ oDQ ds v/khu fuEufyf[kr ds fy;s vyx j[kh x;h /kujkf”k && ¼1½ eqroYyh dk osru vksj O;fDr;kas ds HkRras ( ¼2½ iw.kZr;k /kkfeZd iz;kstu( ¼3½ iwrZ iz;kstu ( vkSj ¼4½ dksbZ vU; iz;kstu( vkSj ¼p½ cksMZ }kjk fu;r dksbZ vU; fooj.k A ¼4½ ,sls izR;sd izkFkZuk i= ds lkFk oDQ foys[k dh ,d izfrfyfi gksxh vFkok ;fn ,slk dksbZ foys[k fu’ikfnr u fd;k x;k gks ;k mldh izfrfyfi izkIr u dh tk ldrh gks rks ml izkFkZuk&i= esa oDQ dh mRifRr] izdkj vkSj mn~ns”;kas ds iw.kZ fooj.k] tgka rd os izkFkhZ dks Kkr gksa] fn;s gksxas A ¼5½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fn;k x;k izR;sd izkFkZuk&i= izkFkhZ }kjk] dksM vkQ flfoy izkslhtj] 1908 ds vfHkopukas ¼pleadings½ ds gLrkadu vkSj lR;kiu ds fy;s O;ofLFkr jhfr ls gLrkafdr vkSj lR;kfir fd;s tk;sxk A ,sDV la0 5] 1908 ¼6½ cksMZ izkFkhZ ls ,sls vU; C;kSjs ;k lwpuk] tks og vko”;d le>s] nsus dh vis{kk dj ldrk gS A ¼7½ jftLVªh ds fy;s izkFkZuk i= izkIr gksus ij] cksMZ] oDQ dh jftLVªh djus ds igys] izkFkZuk i= dh okLrfodrk rFkk oS/krk vkSj mleas fn;s x;s fdlh C;kSjs dh “kq)rk ds laca/k esa ,slh tkap dj ldrk gS] tks og mfpr le>s] vkSj ;fn izkFkZuk&i=] oDQ dh lEifRr dk iz”kklu djus okys O;fDr ls fHkUu fdlh O;fDr }kjk fn;k tk;s rks cksMZ] oDQ dh jftLVªh djus ls igys izkFkZuk&i= dk uksfVl oDQ lEifRr dk iz”kklu djus okys O;fDr dks nsxk vkSj mls lquokbZ dk leqfpr volj nsus ds i'pkr~] ,slh vkKk ikfjr djsxh] tks og mfpr le>s A ¼8½ mi/kkjk ¼7½ ds v/khu cksMZ dh vkKk ls {kqC/k dksbZ O;fDr ml vkKk ds fnukad ls 90 fnu ds Hkhrj izkFkZuk i= nsdj og fookn vf/kdj.k vfHkfn’V dj ldrk gS] tks ml ij viuk fu.kZ; nsxk A 30&& cksMZ ,d oDQ jftLVj j[ksxk] ftleas izR;sd oDQ ls lEc) oDQ foys[kksa dh izfrfyfi;ka] ;fn os miyC/k gkas] vkSj fuEufyf[kr C;kSjs gksaxs( vFkkZr~ %& oDQ dk jftLVj ¼d½ oDQ dk oxZ ( ¼[k½ eqroYyh dk uke ( 241 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 31&34À ¼x½ oDQ foys[k ds v/khu vFkok :f<+ ;k izFkk }kjk eqroYyh ds in ds mRrjkf/kdkj dk fu;e ( ¼?k½ leLr oDQ lEifRr;kas vkSj muls lEc} leLr LoRo foys[kksa rFkk ys[;kas ds C;kSj ( ¼³½ jftLVªjh ds le; iz”kklu dh ;kstuk vkSj O;; dh ;kstuk ds C;kSjs ( rFkk ¼p½ ,sls vU; C;kSjs] tks fu;r fd;s tk;s A 31&& cksMZ oDQ dh jftLVªjh djkus ds fufeRr izkFkZuk nsus ;k oDQ ds laca/k eas dksbZ lwpuk nsus ds fy;s eqroYyh dks funs”k ldrk gS vFkok Lo;a lwpuk ,d= dj ldrk gS vkSj oDQ dh jftLVªjh djk ldrk gS ;k fdlh Hkh le; oDQkas ds jftLVj dks la”kksf/kr dj ldrk gS A oDQ dh jftLVªjh djkus rFkk jftLVj dk la’kks/ku djus dk vf/kdkj 32&& ¼1½ ;fn eqroYyh ds èR;q ds vFkok mlds lsokfuoR̀r gksus ;k gVk;s tkus ds dkj.k jftLVªhdr̀ oDQ ds izca/kukas esa dksbZ ifjorZu gks tk;s rks ml ifjorZu dh lwpuk cksMZ dks] u;k vkuk okyk eqroYyh rqjUr nsxk vkSj dksbZ vU; O;fDr Hkh lwpuk ns ldrk gSA jftVªjhd̀r oDQkas esa ifjorZu dh foKfIr ¼2½ ;fn /kkjk 29 esa mfYyf[kr C;kSjkas esa ls fdlh esa dksbZ vU; ifjorZu gks tk;s rks eqroYyh og ifjorZu gksus ds fnukad ls rhu ekl ds Hkhrj mldh lwpuk cksMZ dks nsxk A bl ckr dk fu.kZ; fd laaifRr oDQ laifRr gS ;k ugha 33&& ¼1½ cksMZ fdlh ,slh lEifRr ds laca/k eas lwpuk ,d= dj ldrk gS ;k djok ldrk gS] ftlds fo’k; esa mls ;g fo”okl djus dk dkj.k gks fd og oDQ lEifRr gS vkSj oDQ lEifRr fo”ks’k ds laca/k eas ;g iz”u mBs fd og lEifRr gS ;k ugha rks og ¼cksMZ½ ,slh tkap djus ds Ik”pkr~ tks og mfpr le>s] ml iz”u dk fu.kZ; dj ldrk gS A ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu cksMZ ds fu.kZ; ls {kqC/k dksbZ O;fDr ml fu.kZ; ds fnukad ls 90 fnu ds Hkhrj izkFkZuk i= nsdj og fookn vf/kdj.k dks vfHkfn’V dj ldrk gS tks ml ij viuk fu.kZ; nsxk A v/;k; 4 cksMksZ dh for O;oLFkk 34&& ¼1½ ,sls izR;sd oDQ dk] ftl ij ;g vf/kfu;e izoR̀r gksrk gS] eqroYyh izfro’kZ cksMZ dks ,slk va”knku nsxk] tks mldh mRrj izns”k eas fLFkr lEifRr dh “kq) okf’kZd vk; ds N% izfr”kr vuf/kd gks rks vkSj tks cksMZ] jkT;&ljdkj dh Lohdf̀r ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] le; le; ij vo/kkfjr djsa % oDQkas }kjk okf’kZd va”knku izfrca/k ;g gS fd fdlh ,sls oDQ ds fo’k; eas] ftldh vk; dk dksbZ Hkkx okfdQ ;k mlds oa”ktksa ;k ifjokj ds fgr ds fy;s ;k fdlh vU; futh iz;kstuksa ds fy;s mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gks] mi;qZDr va”knku vk; ds ml Hkkx ij ugha fy;k tk;sxk A ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu va”knku bl vf/kfu;e ds izpfyr gksus ds fnukad ls ns; gksxk vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ fdlh vof/k ds fy;s fdlh oDQ ls izkI; va”knku bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vkjksfir va”knku le>k tk;xk vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ;k rn/khu fufeZr fu;ekoyh eas O;ofLFkr jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxk A 242 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 35&37À ¼3½ cksMZ] oDQkas ds fdlh oxZ ds fo’k; eas le; le; ij ,sls va”knku dks fdlh fufnZ’V vof/k ds fy;s de dj ldrk gS ;k mldh NwV ns ldrk gS] fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;k ;w0ih0 eqfLye oDQ ,sDV] 1936 ds de fd;s x;s ;k NwV fn;s x;s va”knku dks iqu% vkjksfir djuk cksMZ ds vf/kdkj esa gksxk A ;w0ih0,sDV la0 13] 1936 ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ns; va”knku] jkT; ljdkj ;k fdlh LFkkuh; vf/kdkjh dks fdUgha ns; /kujkf”k;ksa ds vFkok oDQ lEifRr ;k mldh vk; ij fdlh vU; ifjfu;r Hkkj ¼statutory charge½ ds iwoZ Hkqxrku ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] oDQ dh vk; ij izFke Hkkj gksxk vkSj lEc) oDQ ds eqroYYyh dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr~] cksMZ }kjk tkjh fd;s x;s izek.k i= ds vk/kkj ij /kkjk 83 eas O;ofLFkr jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA ¼5½ ;fn dksbZ eqroYyh oDQ dh vk; olwy djs vkSj ,sls va”knku dk Hkqxrku djus ls badkj djsa ;k mlesa mis{kk djsa rks og Lo;a Hkh ,sls va”knku dk nsunkj gksxk vkSj og ¼va”knku½ mlls ;k mldh lEifRr ls mi/kkjk ¼4½ eas O;fLFkr jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA ¼6½ fdlh oDQ dk eqroYyh vius }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ns; va”knkuksa dks] ml O;fDr dks olwy dj ldrk gS tks oDQ ls dksbZ vkfFkZd ;k vU; ikfFkZo ykHk izkIr djus ds gdnkj gksa] fdUrq ,sls O;fDr;kas esa ls fdlh ,d ls olwyus ;ksX; /kujkf”k dk dqy va”knku ogh vuqikr gksxk] tks ,sls O;fDr }kjk izkI; ykHkkas ds ewY; dk oDQ dh lEiw.kZ “kq) okf’kZd vk; ls gks A 35&& ¿¼1½ ;fn dksbZ oDQ] 1950 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k tehankjh fouk”k vkSj Hkwfe O;oLFkk dh vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 99 ds v/khu iquokZlu vuqnku ds e}s dksbZ okf’kZd of̀Rr ikus dk gdnkj gks] rks ,sls oDQ }kjk /kkjk 34 ds v/khu ns; va”knku dk Hkqxrku] mDr okf’kZd of̀Rr vkSj mDr vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;ekas ds vUrxZr tkjh fd;s x;s tehnkjh fouk’k izfrdj ca/k] _.k izek.k i=kas ij oDQ dks ns; C;kt ds dqy ;skx esa N% izfr’kr rd] jkT; ljdkj] cksMZ ds lfpo }kjk fu;r izi= esa izek.k i= izLrqr fd;s tkus ij] ,slh okf’kZd of̀Rr ls dj ldrh gSÀ 1 % mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 13] 1936 izfrca/k ;g gS fd Hkqxrku dh xbZ /kujkf”k okf’kZd of̀Rr ds N% izfr”kr ls vf/kd u gksxh A ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu rFkk mlds vuqlkj jkT; ljdkj }kjk fd;k x;k fdlh /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku mls nkf;Ro ls bl izdkj Hkqxrku dh xbZ /kujkf”k dh ek=k rd iw.kZr;k foeqDr djsxk A 36&& bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas dsk dk;kZfUor djus ds fy;s cksMZ] jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf̀r ls] ,slh /kujkf”k;ka vkSj ,slh “krksZ ij m/kkj ys ldrh gS] tks jkT; ljdkj vo/kkfjr djas A 37&& ¼1½ /kkjk 34 ds v/khu cksMZ }kjk izkIr lHkh /ku ls rFkk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cksMZ }kjk olwy fd;s x;s lHkh vU; /ku ls ,d fuf/k cusxh tks ;FkkfLFkfr ^^mRrj izns”k f”k;k oDQ fuf/k** ;k ^^mRrj izns”k lqUUuh oDQ fuf/k** dgyk;sxh A ¼2½ oDQ fuf/k] cksMZ ds fu;a=.k ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] fuEufyf[kr ds fy;s mi;ksx esa ykbZ tk;sxh %&& 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26] 1966 bZ0 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk j[ks x;sA 243 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 38&41À ¼d½ /kkjk 36 ds v/khu fy;s x;s fdlh _.k dk izfrnku vkSj ml ij C;kt dk Hkqxrku ( ¼[k½ oDQ fuf/k dh ys[kk&ijh{kk ds O;; dk Hkqxrku ( ¼x½ cksMZ ds lfpo vkSj deZpkfj;kas ds osru rFkk HkRrkas dk vkSj ;fn cksMZ }kjk vko”;d le>k tk;s rks mi lfefr ds deZpkfj;kas ds osru rFkk HkRrkas dk Hkqxrku ( ¼?k½ cksMZ ds rFkk ;fn dksbZ milfefr gks rks mlds v/;{k] lnL;kas] lfpo vkSj deZpkfj;kas dks;k=k HkRrk dk Hkqxrku ( vkSj ¼³½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;k }kjk vkjksfir drZO;kas ds ikyu rFkk izkIr vf/kdkjkas ds iz;ksx esa cksMZ }kjk] rFkk ;fn dksbZ mi&lfefr gks rks mlds }kjk fd;s x;s lHkh O;;kas dk HkqxrkuA ¼8½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼2½ eas fufnZ’V O;; iwjk djus ds i'pkr~ cksMZ dh vk; esa ls dksbZ vfrfjDr ;k lafpr /kujkf”k “ks’k jg tk;s rks cksMZ] mldk vFkok mlds fdlh Hkkx dk iz;ksx oDQ lEifRr;kas ds ifjj{k.k rFkk laj{k.k ds fy;s ;k ,sls /kkfeZd] /keZ”khy vFkok iwrZ iz;kstukas ds fy;s] tks cksMZ mi;qDr le>s] dj ldrk gS A 38&& cksMZ izR;sd o’kZ ,sls izi= eas vkSj ,sls le;] tks fu;r fd;k tk;s] vxys o’kZ ds fy;s ctV rS;kj djsxk] ftleas ml o’kZ dh vuqekfur izkfIr;ka rFkk O;; fn[kk;s tk;sxsa vkSj og mldh ,d izfrfyfi jkT; ljdkj dks Hkstsxk A cksMZ dk ctV 39&& ¼1½ cksMZ ,slh ys[kk iqLrdsa ,sls izi= esa vkSj ,slh jhfr ls j[kok;sxk] tks fu;r dh tk;sa A cksMZ ds ys[ks ¼2½ cksMZ ds ys[kksa dh okf’kZd ys[kk&ijh{kk rFkk tkap cksMZ }kjk fu;qDr jkT; lun& izkIr ys[kkdkjkas ¼Chabotered Accountants½ }kjk dh tk;xh A ¼3½ ys[kk&ijh{kdksa ds izfrosnu eas] vU; ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk] vfu;fer] voS/k ;k vuqfpr O;; vFkok /kujkf”k;ksa ;k vU; lEifRr dh olwyh esa dh tkus okyh pwd ds vFkok gkfu ds lHkh ekeyksa dk mYys[k gksxk vkSj izfrosnu esa ml O;fDr dk uke Hkh gksxk] tks ys[kk ijh{kdkas dh jk; eas] viuh mis{kk ;k vipkj ds dkj.k ml O;;] pwd vFkok gkfu ds fy;s mRrjnk;h gksA 40&& /kkjk 39 ds v/khu fu;qDr ys[kk ijh{kd vFkok izfrosnu jkT; ljdkj dks izLrqr djsxsa vkSj og ¼jkT; ljdkj½ ml izfrosnu dh tkap djsxh vkSj mlesa mfYyf[kr fdlh fo’k; ds laca/k esa fdlh O;fDr ls Li’Vhdj.k ekax ldrh gS] izfrosnu ij ,slh vkKk nsxh tks og mi;qDr le>s A ys[kk ijh{kk izfrosnu ij ljdkj vkKk nsxh 41&& izR;sd /kujkf”k dk] tks ys[kk ijh{kk izfrosnu esa fdlh O;fDr ls izkI; izekf.kr dh xbZ gks] tc rd fd og izek.k i= /kkjk 40 ds v/khu nh xbZ jkT; ljdkj dh vkKk }kjk ifj’dr̀ ;k j} u dj fn;k tk;s vkSj izR;sd ,slh /kujkf”k dk] tks ,slh ifj’dr̀ izek.k i= ds vuqlkj izkI; gksa] Hkqxrku ,sls O;fDr }kjk mfpr le; ds Hkhrj] tks cksMZ fu”p; djs] fd;k tk;sxk vkSj ;fn Hkqxrku ml le; ds Hkhrj u fd;k tk; rks ns; /kujkf”k lEc) O;fDr dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr /kkjk 83 esa O;ofLFkr jhfr ls olwy dh tk ldrh gS A izkIr /kujkf”k;ksa dh olwyh 244 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 42&46À v/;k; 5 jkT; ljdkj ds fo”ks’k vf/kdkj 42&& jkT; ljdkj && jkT; ljdkj }kjk lkekU; i;Zos{k.k ¼1½ cksMZ dk lkekU; i;Zos{k.k djsxh vkSj mlls dksbZ ys[; vfHkys[k ;k lwpuk ekax ldrh gS ( rFkk ¼2½ vius }kjk fu;qDr fd;s tkus okys ys[kk ijh{kd }kjk cksMZ ds ys[kksa dh ys[kk ijh{kk dh tkus dh Hkh vis{kk dj ldrh gS A 43&& jkT; ljdkj] le;&le; ij cksMZ dks ,sls lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k funs”k ns ldrh gS] tks jkT; ljdkj mfpr le>s vkSj cksMZ vius dR̀;kas ds lEiknu esa ,sls funs”kksa dk ikyu djsxkA jkT; ljdkj dks funs”k tkjh djus dh ‘kfDr 44&& cksMZ ds ?kksj dqizca/k vkSj mldh fujUrj drZO; foeq[krk dh n”kk esa vFkok jkT; ljdkj dh jk; esa cksMZ us fof/k }kjk vius esa fufgr vf/kdkjksa dk ,slk ?kksj nq:i;ksx fd;k gks ;k mlus ,slk vuf/kdr̀ dk;Z fd;k gks fd mlds ¼cksMZ ds½ cus jgus ls mlds lkoZtfud fgr ds fy;s gkfudkjd fl} gksus dh laHkkouk gks rks jkT; ljdkj cksMZ dks mlds fo:} yxk;s x;s vkjksiksa dk Li”Vhdj.k nsus dk volj nsus ds i'pkr~ vkSj mlds }kjk izLrqr Li’Vhdj.k ij] ;fn dksbZ gks rks] fopkj djus ds i'pkr ljdkjh xtV eas foKfIr }kjk ls vodzkUr dj ldrh gS A cksMZ dk vodze.k 45&& ¼1½ ;fn cksMZ dks /kkjk 44 ds mica/kkas ds v/khu vodzkUr dj fn;k x;k gks] rks jkT; ljdkj cksMZ ds dR̀;ksa dk lEiknu djus ds fy;s ,d iz”kkld fu;qDr djsxh] tks lqUuh lsUVªy cksMZ dh n”kk esa f”k;k gks A jkT; ljdkj }kjk cksMZ ds d`R;ksa dks vius gkFk esa fy;k tkukA ¼2½ /kkjk 44 ds v/khu cksMZ ds vodze.k dh foKfIr izdkf”kr gksus ij&& ¼d½ cksMZ ds lHkh lnL;] vodze.k ds fnukad ls] vius vius in fjDr dj nsxas ( vkSj ¼[k½ bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkasz ds v/khu cksMZ }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls iz;ksDrO; ;k lEiknuh; leLr vf/kdkj vkSj drZO;] vodze.k dh vof/k eas] iz”kkld }kjk iz;qDr vkSj lEikfnr fd;s tk;sxsa vkSj og iz”kkld lHkh iz;kstukas ds fy;s cksMZ le>k tk;sxk A 46&& ¼1½ ;fn /kkjk 44 ds mica/kksa ds v/khu cksMZ dk vodze.k dj fn;k x;k gks rks vodze.k ds fnukad ls ,d o’kZ ds Hkhrj bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj ,d u;k cksMZ la?kfVr fd;k tk;sxk A u;s cksMZ dk fuekZ.k rFkk mls oDQkas ds iz”kklu dk gLrkUrj.k ¼2½ T;kas gh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu u;k cksMZ la?kfVr gks tk;s] jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV eas foKfIr }kjk] oDQkas dk iz”kklu ml cksMZ dks gLrkarfjr dj nsxh vkSj rRi'pkr jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr iz”kkld ml foKfIr ds izdk’ku ds fnukad ls cksMZ ds dR̀;kas dk lEiknu cUn dj nsxk A 245 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 47&49À 47&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj ¿/kkjk 2 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa vfHkfn’V oDQ] fuca/k vkSj U;kl ls lEc} iz”kklu dh ;kstuk fuf”pr djsxh AÀ 1 gqlsuklckn rFkk lEc} oDQkas dh lEifRr;kas dk iz”kklu ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] f”k;k lsUVªy cksMZ ls ijke”kZ djds] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fuf”pr iz”kklu dh ;kstuk eas la’kks/ku rFkk ifj’dkj dj ldrh gS vkSj jkT; ljdkj mu ¿oDQkas] fuca/kkas vkSj U;klksaÀ 2 ds iz”kklu ds laca/k eas mRiUu gksus okys fdlh lUnsg ;k dfBukbZ;kas dks nwj djus ds fy;s le; l;e ij funs”k tkjh dj ldrh gS A ,sDV la0 15] 1878 v/;k; 6 eqroYyh vkSj oDQ ys[k 3 ¿48&&/kkjk 19 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼.k½ }kjk iznRr vf/kdkjksa dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] cksMZ ;fn fdlh oDQ ds eqroYyh dk in fjDr gks&& oDQ ds eqroYyh dk in fjDr gksus ij cksMZ ls vkikfrd vf/kdkj ¼d½ fdlh O;fDr dks ,slh vof/k ds fy;s vkSj ,slh “krksZ ij tks og mfpr le>s] eqroYyh ds :Ik ds :Ik eas dk;Z djus ds fy;s fu;qDr dj ldrk gS ( ;k ¼[k½ ljdkjh xtV eas foKfIr }kjk oDQ dk izR;{k izca/k ¿ikap o’kZ ls vuf/kd ,slh vof/k ds fy;s] tks foKfIr esa fufnZ’V dh tk;sÀ 4 vius gkFk eas ys ldrk gS % izfrca/k ;g gS fd fdlh foys[k }kjk l̀ftr fdlh oDQ dh n”kk eas] cksMZ bl /kkjk ds v/khu dsoy rHkh dk;Z dj ldrk gS tc ,sls foys[k dh “krksZ ds v/khu eqroYyh ds :Ik eas fu;qfDr ds fy;s dksbZ O;fDr l{ke u gks AÀ 3 49&& izR;sd eqroYyh dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og&& eqrofYy;kas ds drZO; ¼d½ bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ls lqlaxr ,sls leLr funs”kksa dk ikyu djsa tks cksMZ }kjk cksMZ ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ls /kkjk 27 ds v/khu la?kfVr milfefr }kjk mls fn;s x;s gksa ( ¼[k½ ,slh foojf.k;ka izLrqr djas rFkk ,slh lwpuk C;kSjs ns] tks le;&le; ij cksMZ ;k mi&lfefr }kjk visf{kr gksa ( ¼x½ oDQ dh lEifRr] ys[kkas ;k vfHkys[kksa dk ;k muls lEc) foys[kkas rFkk ys[;ksa dk fujh{k.k djus ns ( ¼?k½ lHkh lkoZtfud ns; /kujkf”k;ka dks pqdrk djas ( rFkk ¼³½ dksbZ ,slk vU; dk;Z djsa] ftls bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k blds v/khu djuk mlds fy;s oS/kr% visf{kr gks A 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 25] 1963 bZ0 dh /kkjk 6 ¼1½ }kjk j[ks x;s tks 3 flrEcj] 1960 ls izpfyr le>s tk;sa A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 6 ¼2½ }kjk j[ks x;s A 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26] 1966 bZ0 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk j[ks x;sA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 11 }kjk j[ks x;sA 246 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 49d&49[kÀ ¿49&d&& ,sls foys[k ;k dkj.k eas] ;fn dksbZ gks] ftlds }kjk oDQ l̀ftr fd;k x;k gks] nh xbZ fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh] oDQ dh fdlh LFkkoj lEifRr dk && oDQ dh LFkkoj lEifRr dk vUrj.k ¼1½ fodz;] nku] cU/kd ;k fofue; ( ;k ¼2½ df̀’k Hkwfe dh n”kk eas rhu o’kZ ls vf/kd vof/k ds fy;s] ;k vd’̀; Hkwfe ;k Hkou dh n”kk eas ,d o’kZ ls vf/kd vof/k ds fy;s] iV~Vs ds :Ik eas] vUrj.k cksMZ dh iwoZ Lohdf̀r ds fcuk oS/k u gksxk A 49&[k&& ¼1½ ;fn cksMZ dk ,slh jhfr ls tks fu;r dh tk;s] tkap djus ds i'pkr ;g lek/kku gks tk;s fd /kkjk 30 ds v/khu j[ks x;s oDQ jftLVj eas oDQ laifRr ds :Ik eas ntZ dksbZ LFkkoj lEifRr /kkjk 49&d ds mica/kks dk mYya?ku djds cksMZ dh iwoZ Lohdf̀r ds fcuk vUrfjr dj nh xbZ gks] rks og ml dysDVj dks] ftlds {ks=kf/kdkj ds Hkhrj lEifRr fLFkr gks] lEifRr dk dCtk ysus vkSj mls fn;s tkus dk vf/k;kpu dj ldrk gSA /kkjk 49&d dk mYya?ku djds vUrfjr oDQ lEifRr dh iqu% izkfIr ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/k;kpu izkIr gksus ij] dysDVj ,slh vkKk nsxk] ftleas lEifRr dk dkfct O;fDr dks vkKk dh rkehy ds fnukad ls rhl fnu dh vof/k ds Hkhrj lEifRr cksMZ dks ns nsus dk funs”k gksxk A ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu nh xbZ izR;sd vkKk&& ¼d½ ml O;fDr dks] ftlds fy;s og vfHkizsr gks] nsdj] ;k izLrqr djds] ;k mls Mkd }kjk Hkst dj ( ;k ¼[k½ ;fn ,slk O;fDr u feys] rks mlds vfUre Kkr fuokl LFkku vFkok dkjksckj ds LFkku ds fdlh izeq[k Hkkx ij fpidkdj] ;k mlds dqVqEc ds fdlh o;Ld iq:’k lnL; vFkok lsod dks nsdj ;k izLrqr djds] vFkok mls lEifRr ds] ftlds laca/k eas u gks] fdlh izeq[k Hkkx ij fpidok dj] rkehy dh tk;sxh % izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn og O;fDr] ftl ij vkKk rkehy dh tkuh gks] vo;Ld gks] rks mlds vfHkHkkod ij ;k mlds dqVqEc ds fdlh o;Ld iq:’k lnL; ;k lsod ij dh xbZ rkehy ml vo;Ld ij rkehy le>h tk;sxh A ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dysDVj dh vkKk ls {kqC/k dksbZ O;fDr vkKk dh rkehy ds fnukad ls rhl fnu dh vof/k ds Hkhrj ml ftyk U;k;k/kh”k ds U;k;ky; eas] ftlds {ks=kf/kdkj esa lEifRr fLFkr gks] vihy dj ldrk gS A ¼5½ ftyk U;k;k/kh”k ;k rks Lo;a vihy dk fuLrkj.k dj ldrk gS vFkok mls vius iz”kkldh; fu;a=.kk/khu vij ftyk U;k;k/kh”k ;k flfoy U;k;k/kh”k ds U;k;ky; dks gLrkarfjr dj ldrk gS vkSj fdlh ,slh vihy dks okil ysdj ;k rks mldk fuLrkj.k dj ldrk gS vFkok mls vius iz”kkldh; fu;a=.kk/khu vij ftyk U;k;k/kh”k ;k flfoy U;k;k/kh”k ds fdlh vU; U;k;ky; dks gLrkUrfjr dj ldrk gS vkSj izR;sd n”kk eas U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxk A ¼6½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu nh xbZ vkKk dk ikyu u fd;k x;k gks vkSj ,slh vkKk ds fo:} vihy izLrqr fd;s fcuk vihy izLrqr djus dh vof/k lekIr gks xbZ gks] vFkok fu;r le; ds Hkhrj izLrqr vihy] ;fn dksbZ gks] [kkfjt dj nh xbZ gks] rks dysDVj ml lEifRr dk] ftlds laca/k eas vKk nh xbZ gks] dCtk ysxk ftlds fy;s og ,sls cy dk iz;ksx djsxk] tks vko”;d gks] vkSj fQj dCtk cksMZ dks ns nsxk A ¼7½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu vius dR̀;kas dk lEiknu djus eas dysDVj ,sls fu;ekas }kjk funsZf’kr gksxk] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk rnFkZ cuk;s tk;saAÀ 1 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 12 }kjk /kkjk;sa 49&d ,oa 49&[k c<+kbZ xbZA 247 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 50&53À 50&& fo”ks’kr% vkSj /kkjk 49 eas fu;r drZO;kas dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] oDQ dk izR;sd eqroYyh&& eqrofYy;kas }kjk oDQkas dk ctV rFkk ys[ks izLrqr fd;k tkuk ¼d½ izR;sd o’kZ] vxys foRrh; o’kZ ds fy;s ,d ctV rS;kj djsxk ftleas ,sls izi= esa] tks fu;r fd;k tk;s] ml o’kZ dh vuqekfur izkfIr;ka rFkk O;; fn[kk;s tk;sxsa vkSj mls vuqeksnukFkZ ml o’kZ ds 31 ekpZ ds iwoZ cksMZ dks izLrqr djsxk ( ¼[k½ izR;sd o’kZ igyh ebZ ds iwoZ cksMZ dks] fooj.k izLrqr djus ds Bhd igys ds 31 ekpZ dks lekIr gksus okys ckjg eklkasa dh vof/k eas ;k mDr vof/k ds ml Hkkx eas ftlesa bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/k oDQ ij izoR̀r gksa] oDQkas dh vksj ls eqroYyh }kjk izkIr ;k O;; dh x;h lHkh /kujkf”k;ksa ds ys[kksa dk ,d iw.kZ vkSj lgh fooj.k ,sls izi= eas vkSj ,sls C;kSjks ds lkFk izLrqr djsxk] tks fu;r fd;s tk;s vkSj mlh jhfr ls lR;kfir fd;k x;k gks tks vfHkdFkukas ds lR;kiu ds fy;s dksM vkQ izkslhtj] 1908 }kjk fu;r dh xbZ gS % izfrca/k ;g gS fd oDQ&vyy&vkSykn ds laca/k eas eqroYyh }kjk izLrqr fd;s tkus ds fy;s visf{kr ys[kkas dk fooj.k vk; ds dsoy ,sls Hkkx ds fo’k; eas gksxk] tks /kkfeZd ;k iwRrZ iz;kstukas ds fy;s fufnZ’V fd;k x;k gks ;k vyx j[kk x;k gksA ,sDV la0 5] 1908 51&& ¼1½ /kkjk 50 ds v/khu cksMZ dks izLrqr fd, x, oDQksa ds ys[kksa dh ys[kk ijh{kk rFkk takp izfro’kZ ;k vU; ,sls le;kUrjksa ij] tks cksMZ vo/kkfjr djs] /kkjk 18 ds v/khu fu;qDr ys[kk&ijh{kd }kjk dh tk;xhA oDQks ds ys[kksa dh ys[kk ijh{kk ¼2½ ys[kk&ijh{kd viuk izfrosnu cksMZ dks izLrqr djsxk vkSj ys[kk ijh{kd ds izfrosnu eas] vU; ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk] vfu;fer] voS/k ;k vuqfpr O;; vFkok /kujkf”k ;k vU; lEifRr dh olwyh eas pwd vFkok eqroYyh dh mis{kk ;k vopkj ds dkj.k gqbZ /ku dh gkfu ;k mlds viO;; ds lHkh ekeykas dk vkSj fdlh ,sls vU; ekeys dk mYys[k gksxk] ftls ys[kk&ijh{kd lwfpr djuk vko”;d le>s( mDr izfrosnu es ml O;fDr dk uke Hkh gksxk tks ys[kk ijh{kd dh jk; eas ml O;; vFkok pwd ds fy;s mRrjnk;h gks vkSj ys[kk&ijh{kd izR;sd ,sls ekeys eas ,sls O;; vFkok gkfu dh /kujkf”k dks izekf.kr djsxk A ¼3½ oDQ ds ys[kksa ijh{kk ds O;; dk Hkqxrku oDQ fuf/k ls fd;k tk;sxk A 52&& cksMZ ys[kk ijh{kd ds izfrosnu dh ijh{kk djsxk vkSj mleas mfYyf[kr fdlh ekeys ds laca/k eas fdlh O;fDr dk Li’Vhdj.k ekax ldrk gS vkSj izfrosnu ij ,slh vkKk nsxk] tks og mi;qDr le>s A ys[kk ijh{kk izfrosnu ij cksMZ vkKk nsxk 53&& ¼1½ izR;sd /kujkf”k dk] tks /kkjk 51 ds v/khu ys[kk ijh{kd }kjk vius izfrosnu esa fdlh O;fDr ls izkI; izekf.kr dh xbZ gks] tc rd fd ,slk izek.k i= /kkjk 52 ds v/khu cksMZ dh vkKk }kjk ifj’d̀r ;k jn~n u dj fn;k tk;s] vkSj izR;sd /kujkf”k dk] tks ifj’dr̀ izek.k&i= ds vuqlkj izkI; gks] Hkqxrku ,sls O;fDr }kjk mlds fy;s cksMZ tkjh fd;s tk;s] ekax ds uksfVl dh rkehy ds i'pkr~ lkB fnu ds Hkhrj fd;k tk;sxk A ns; /kujkf”k;kas dh olwyh ¼2½ ;fn ,slk Hkqxrku Åij mfYyf[kr vof/k ds Hkhrj u fd;k tk;s rks ns; /kujkf”k] lEc) O;fDr dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr] cksMZ }kjk tkjh fd;s x;s izek.k i= ds vk/kkj ij] /kkjk 83 esa O;ofLFkr jhfr ls olwy dh tk ldrh gSA 248 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 54&55À 54&& ¼1½ ;fn eqroYyh fcuk mfpr dkj.k ;k gsrq ds] ftls fl) djus dk Hkkj mlh ij gksxk %&& “kkfLr;k¡ ¼d½ oDQ dh jftLVªh ds fy;s] /kkjk 29 ds O;oLFkkuqlkj] izkFkZuk i= u ns( ;k ¼[k½ bl vf/kfu;e ds vis{kkuqlkj C;kSjks a vFkok ys[kksa ds fooj.k rFkk foojf.k;ka izzLrqr u djsa vkSj ys[kkas dh ys[kk ijh{kk u djk;s ( ;k ¼x½ cksMZ ;k fdlh mi&lfefr }kjk visfa{kr lwpuk ;k C;kSjs u nsa ( ;k ¼?k½ bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas ds v/khu oDQ lEifRr;kas rFkk muls lEc) foys[kkas vkSj ys[;kas dk fujh{k.k u djus nsa ( ;k ¼³½ tkapkas rFkk vuqla/kkukas eas ml le; lgk;rk u ns tc cksMZ }kjk ;k fdlh milfefr }kjk] cksMZ dh vkKk ds v/khu dk;Z djus okys v/kh{kd] fujh{kd] ys[kk ijh{kd ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk mlls ,slk djus ds fy;s dgk tk;s( ;k ¼p½ oDQ dh fdlh lEifRr dk dCtk u nsa] tc cksMZ }kjk mlls ,slk djus dh vkKk nh tk;( ;k ¼N½ viuh gLrLFk vfrfjDr /kujkf”k dks fdlh ekU;rk izkIr cSd eas tek u djsa] tc cksMZ }kjk mlls ,slk djus dk funs”k fn;k tk;s( ;k ¼t½ cksMZ ;k fdlh mi&lfefr }kjk fn;s x;s bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas ds lxr funs”kksa dk ikyu u djsa ( ;k ¼>½ dksbZ ,slk vU; dk;Z u djsa] ftlds djus dh mlls bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k blds v/khu vis{kk dh tk;s] rks og izFke mYya?ku ds fy;s ipkl :i;s ls vkSj izR;sd vuqorhZ mYya?ku ds fy;s nks lkS :i;ss ls vuf/kd ,sls vFkZ n.M dk Hkkxh gksxk] tks cksMZ vo/kkfjr djsa A ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] Lor% ;k {kqC/k O;fDr }kjk izkFkZuk&i= fn;s tkus ij] fdlh ekeys eas vfHkys[k dks] ml vkns”k dks] ftlds }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vFkZn.M vkjksfir fd;k x;k gks] ”kq)rk] oS/krk ;k vkSfpR; ds fo’k; eas viuk lek/kku djus ds eaxk ldrh gS vkSj ,sls vkns”k ns ldrh gS tks og mfpr le>s A 55&&¼1½ cksMZ] izca/k lfefr ls fHkUu eqroYyh dks] mls lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr mlds in ls gVk ldrk gS] ;fn&& eqrofYy;kas dk gVk;k tkuk ¼1½ mls /kkjk 54 ds v/khu ,d ls vf/kd voljkas ij vFkZn.M fn;k x;k gks ( ;k ¿¼1&d½ mlus] mfpr dkj.k ds fcuk] yxkrkj nks o’kZ rd] /kkjk 34 ds v/khu ns; va”knku u fn;k gks ( ;kÀ 1 ¼2½ mls oDQ dh lEifRr ;k /kujkf”k ls lEc) ,sls vijk/k ds fy;s fl) nks’k Bgjk;k x;k gks] ftlds dkj.k og cksMZ dh jk; eas] eqroYyh ds :Ik eas cus jgus ds v;ksX; gks x;k gks ( ;k ¼3½ mls uSfrd iru okys vijk/k ds fy;s fl)nks’k Bgjk;k x;k gks ;k mlls dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 dh /kkjk 109 ;k /kkjk 110 ds v/khu izfrHkwfr nsus dh vis{kk dh xbZ gks ( ;k ,sDV la0 5] 1898 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 13 }kjk c<+kbZ xbZA 249 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 56&58À ¼4½ og oDQ dh fdlh lEifRRk dks vuqfpr :i ls u’V ;k gLrkUrfjr djsa( ;k ¼5½ og fnokfy;k fu.khZr fd;k x;k gks( ;k ¼6½ og cksMZ dh jk; eas fdlh “kkjhfjd ;k ekufld v”kDrrk ;k uSfrd vipkkj ds dkj.k eqroYyh ds drZO;kas dk ikyu djus esa v;ksX; gks( ;k ¼7½ og oDQ lEifRr ds nqfoZfu;ksx ;k ?kksj dqizca/k dk nks’kh gks ;k mlus oDQ ds mfpr izca/k ds fy;s cksMZ }kjk fn;s x;s funs”kksa dk vuqikyu djus esa fujUrj mis{kk dh gks A ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu gVk;s tkus dh vkKk ls {kqC/k dksbZ O;fDr gVk;s tkus dh vkKk dh lwpuk feyus ds fnukad ls 90 fnu ds Hkhrj izkFkZuk&i= nsdj ekeys dh vf/kdj.k dks vfHkfn’V dj ldrk gSA v/;k; 7 cksMZ ds fo”ks’k vf/kdkj 56&& fgrxzkgh ;k oDQ esa LoRo j[kus okyk dksbZ O;fDr] oDQ ds iz”kklu ds laca/k eas tkap djokus ds fy;s ;k mlds ys[kkas ds ijh{k.k ;k mudh ys[kk ijh{kk ds fy;s cksMZ dks “kiFk i= ls lefiZr izkFkZuk&i= ns ldrk gS vkSj cksMZ ,slh tkap] ijh{k.k ;k ys[kk ijh{kk dj ldrk gS ;k vius vf/kdkjh vFkok /kkjk 27 ds v/khu la?kfVr mi lfefr ds ek/;e ls ,slh tkap ijh{k.k ;k ys[kk ijh{kk djok ldrk gS] tks og mi;qDr le>sA tkap ds fy;s izkFkZuk&i= 57&& ;fn /kkjk 56 ds v/khu fn;s x;s izkFkZuk&i= ij ;k Lor% cksMZ }kjk dh xbZ tkap ds i'pkr~] cksMZ dh ;g jk; gks fd eqrofYy ;k izca/k lfefr us oDQ ds fuca/kukas vkSj “krksaZ ds vuqlj.k ls vU;Fkk dk;Z fd;k gS rks og ¼cksMZ½ eqroYyh ;k izca/k lfefr dks ,slh dk;Zokgh djus dk funs”k ns ldrk gS] tks og ¼cksMZ½ b’Vdj le>sA cksMZ }kjk tkap ¿57&d&& ¼1½ ;fn cksMZ dk ,slh jhfr ls tks fu;r dh tk;s] tkap djus ds i'pkr~ ;g lek/kku gks tk;s fd /kkjk 30 ds v/khu j[ks x;s oDQ ds jftLVj eas oDQ lEifRr ds :Ik esa ntZ dksbZ LFkkoj lfefr fdlh O;fDr ds vizkd`frd v/;klu esa gS rks og ml dysDVj dks] ftlds {ks=kf/kdkj eas lEifRr fLFkr gks] lEifRr dk dCtk ysus vkSj mls cksMZ dks nsus dk vf/k;kpu dj ldrk gS A ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh vf/k;kpu ds laca/k esa /kkjk 49&[k dh mi/kkjk ¼2½] ¼3½] ¼4½] ¼5½] ¼6½ rFkk ¼7½ ds mica/k vko”;d ifjorZu lfgr mlh izdkj ykxw gksxsa ftl izdkj os mDr /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh vf/k;kpu ds laca/k esa ykxw gksrs gksaAÀ 1 vizkf/kd̀r v/;kfl;ksa ls oDQ lEifÙk dk fQj ls dCtk ysuk 58&& bl ¿vf/kfu;eÀ 2 ds v/khu tkap ds iz;kstukFkZ] tkap ds iz;kstukFkZ] tkap djus okys vf/kdkjh ;k lfefr dh lkf{k;ksa dks mifLFkr gksus ds fy;s ck/; djus ;k rFkk ys[;kas dh izLrqr djkus ds ogh vf/kdkj gksxsa] tks O;ogkj U;k;ky; dks dksM vkQ flfoy izkslhtj] 1908 ds v/khu izkIr gS A tkap izkf/kdkjh dh “kfDr;ka ,sDV la0 5] 1908 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 14 }kjk c<+kbZ xbZA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 15 }kjk j[kk x;k A 250 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 59&62À 59&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh oDQ dk mn~ns”; fo|eku u jg x;k gks ;k iwjk u fd;k tk ldrk gks] rks dksM vkQ izkslhtj] 1908 dh /kkjk 92 ;k rRle; izpfyr fdlh fof/k esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh] cksMZ Lor% ;k ml fQjds ds ftldk fd oDQ gh fdlh lnL; }kjk izkFkZuk i= fn;s tkus ij] og mn~ns”; vo/kkfjr dj ldrk gS] ftlds fy;s oDQ dh fof/k;ak] lEifRr ;k vk; vFkok mudk dksbZ Hkkx mi;skx esa yk;k tk;sxk % ,sls oDQ dk mn~ns”; vo/kkfjr djuk ftldk mn~ns”; fo|eku u jgs] vkfn ,sDV la0 5] 1908 izfrca/k ;g gS fd mn~ns”; ds bl izdkj vo/kkj.k ds iwoZ cksMZ oDQ ds eqroYyh dks vkSj ,sls vU; O;fDr;kas dk] tks cksMZ dks mlesa LoRo j[kus okys izrhr gksa] uksfVl nsxk vkSj ,slh tkap djsxk tks og vko”;d le>s % izfrca/k ;g gS fd cksMZ }kjk bl izdkj vo/kkfjr mn~ns”; ml mn~ns”; ds] ftlds fy;s oDQ cuk;k x;k Fkk] lǹ”k ;k ;Fkklk/; ln”̀; gksxk A ¼2½ eqroYyh ;k oDQ esa LoRo j[kus okyk dksbZ vU; O;fDr mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkns”k ds fnukad ls 90 fnu ds Hkhrj ml ekeys dks vf/kdj.k dks vfHkfn’V dj ldrk gSA 60&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh n”kk esa oDQ dk mn~ns”; Li’Vr% ifjHkkf’kr u gks] rks cksMZ ml jhfr ls funs”k djsxk] ftlls oDQ dh fuf/k] lEifRr ;k vk; vFkok mldk vfrfjDr va”k mi;ksx eas yk;k tk;sxk % izfrca/k ;g gS fd izHkkfor O;fDr;kas dks lquokbZ dk volj fn;s fcuk ,slk funs”k u fn;k tk;sxk A oDQ dk mn~ns”; Li’V u gksus ij funs”k ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu cksMZ ds funs”k ls izHkkfor dksbZ O;fDr ,sls funs”k ds fnukad ls 90 fnu ds Hkhrj ml ekeys dks bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kks a ds vuqlkj vf/kdj.k dks vfHkfn’V dj ldrk gS] fdUrq ml vfHkns”k ij vf/kdj.k }kjk fu.kZ; fn;s tkus rd] cksMZ ds funs”k dk ikyu fd;k tk;sxk A 61&& tc dHkh fdlh oDQ ds foys[k] ;k U;k;ky; dh fdlh fMdzh ;k vkKk vFkok oDQ dh izca/k ;kstuk eas ;g O;oLFkk gks fd U;k;k/kh”k ¼tt½ ;k dksbZ vU; izkf/kdkjh eqroYyh dks fu;qDr dj ldrk gS ;k gVk ldrk gS vFkok og izca/k ;kstuk dks fuf”pr ;k ifj’dr̀ dj ldrk gS vFkok vU; :Ik ls oDQ ds v/kh{k.k ds vf/kdkjkas dk iz;ksx dj ldrk gS] rks ml U;k;k/kh”k ;k vU; izkf/kdkjh }kjk iz;ksDrO; vf/kdkj] oDQ ds foys[k] fMdzh] vkKk ;k ;kstuk esa dksbZ vU; ckr gksus ij Hkh] cksMZ }kjk ;Fkklk/; oDQ ds foys[k] fMdzh] vkKk ;k ;kstuk tSlh Hkh n”kk gks] eaas fn;s x;s funs”kksa ds vuqlkj iz;ksDrO; gksxsa A foys[k vkfn eas U;k;k/kh”k ;k vU; izkf/kdkjh dks fn;s x;s dfri; vf/kdkjkas dk iz;ksx 62&& ¼1½ ;fn eqroYyh ij ;g vkHkkj gks fd og dksbZ ,slk dk;Z djas] tks eqfLye fof/k }kjk /keZ”khy] /kkfeZd ;k iwoZ Lohdr̀ gks vkSj eqroYyh og dk;Z u djsa] tks cksMZ eqroYyh dks funs”k ns ldrk gS fd og cksMZ dks ;k cksMZ }kjk rnFkZ izkf/kdr̀ fdlh O;fDr dks mDr dk;Z djus ds fy;s vko”;d /kujkf”k ns vkSj cksMZ ;k bl izdkj izkf/kdr̀ O;fDr mDr dk;Z dk laiknu djsxkA vkHkkj dk fuoZgu lqfuf”pr djkus ds vf/kdkj ¼2½ ;fn eqroYyh jkT; ljdkj ;k fdlh vU; izkf/kdkjh dsk ns; jktLo] midj] LFkkuh; dj ;k djkas dk Hkqxrku djus ls badkj djas ;k Hkqxrku u djas rks cksMZ ns; /kujkf”k;ksa dk Hkqxrku oDQ fuf/k ls dj ldrk gS vkSj bl izzdkj Hkqxrku dh x;h /kujkf”k dks oDQ lfefr ls olwy ldrk gS A ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu izkI; dksbZ /kujkf”k] lEc} eqroYyh dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr~ cksMZ }kjk izek.k&i= tkjh fd;s tkus ij /kkjk 83 esa O;ofLFkr jhfr ls olwy dh tk ldrh gS A 251 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 63À 63&& ¼1½ tc fdlh oDQ dk i;Zos{k.k ;k izca/k] okfdQ ;k fdlh l{ke U;k;ky; vFkok izkf/kdkjh }kjk fu;qDr fdlh lfefr eas fufgr gks] rks ,slh lfefr] vf/kfu;e esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh] rc rd dk;Z djrh jgsxh tc rd fd mldk mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu cksMZ }kjk vodze.k u dj fn;k tk;sxk % i;Zos{k.k lfefr;ak vkSj mudk vodze.k djus dk cksMZ dk vf/kdkj izfrca/k ;g gS fd ,slh lfefr cksMZ ds fu;a=.k esa jgsxh vkSj cksMZ ds ,sls funs”kksa dk ikyu djsxh] tks ml lfefr dks fu;qDr djus okys okfdQ ;k U;k;ky; vFkok izkf/kdkjh ds fdUgh funs”kksa ls vlaxr u gks A ¼2½ vf/kfu;e eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh] cksMZ iwoksZDr izdkj dh ,slh fdlh lfefr dk vodze.k dj ldrk gS ;fn og] mldh jk; eaas] tks vfHkfyf[kr dh tk;xh] leqfpr rFkk larks’ktud :Ik ls dk;Z u dj jgh gks vkSj ,slk vodze.k fd;s tkus ij U;k;ky; ;k l{ke izkf/kdkjh dh dksbZ ,slh fMdzh ;k vkKk] ftlds v/khu mDr lfefr la?kfVr dh xbZ gks] ml lhek rd fu’izHkko gks tk;sxh] tgka rd fd mldk laca/k mDr lfefr ds la?kVu ls gks A ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu cksMZ }kjk nh xbZ dksbZ vkKk vfUre gksxh vkSj ml ij fdlh fof/k U;k;ky; esa vkifRr ugha dh tk;sxh % izfrca/k ;g gS fd mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fdlh vkKk ls {kqC/k dksbZ i{k] ml vkKk ds fnukad ls 90 fnu ds Hkhrj ekeys dks U;k; fu.kZ; ds fy;s vf/kdj.k dks vfHkfn’V dj ldrk gS A ¼4½ ;fn cksMZ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fdlh vkKk }kjk lfefr dk vodze.k djsa rks og ;k rks ,d u;h i;Zos{k.k vFkok izca/k lfefr fu;qDr dj ldrk gS ;k oDQ dk izca/k lh/ks vius gkFk esa ys ldrk gS A ¼5½ ml n”kk eas tc cksMZ us oDQ dk izca/k lh/ks vius gkFk esa ys fy;k gks ;k eqroYyh vFkok izca/k&lfefr fu;qDr dh gks vkSj cksMZ ;k bl izdkj fu;qDr eqroYyh vFkok lfefr dh oDQ lEifRr ;k mlls lEc) LoRo&foys[kkas ¼title deeds½ vFkok vU; foys[kkas ;k vU; ys[;kas dks dCts esa ysus ls jksdk tk;s] ¿rks cksMZ vkKk }kjk eqroYyh dks oDQ lEifRr vksj mlds mlls lEc) LoRo foys[kkas ;k ys[;kas dk dCts cksMZ ;k rnFkZ ;Fkkfof/k izkf/kdr̀ mlds fdlh vf/kdkjh vFkok oDQ lEifRr ds eqroYyh ds :Ik esa dk;Z djus ds fy;s fu;qDr O;fDr ;k lfefr dks nsus dk funs”k ns ldrk gS vkSj cksMZ dh vkKk ml eqfUlQ ds U;k;ky;] ;k ;fn dksbZ eqfUlQ u gks rks ml flfoy U;k;k/kh”k ds U;k;ky; dks] ftlds izknsf”kd {ks=kf/kdkj ds vUrxZr mDr lEifRr fLFkr gks ;k mDr eqroYyh fuokl djrk gks] Hksth tk;sxh vkSj rnqijkUr U;k;ky; vkKk dks mlh izdkj fu’ikfnr djsxk ekuks og mlds }kjk fdlh okn eas nh xbZ fMdzh gksAÀ 1 ¼6½ cksMZ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fdlh lEifRr dk vodze.k djus ds ctk; mlds fdlh lnL; dks gVk ldrk gS] ;fn cksMZ dk lek/kku gks tk;s fd ml lnL; us ml gSfl;r ls vius in dk ?kksj nq:i;ksx fd;k gS ;k tkucw>dj ,slh jhfr ls dk;Z fd;k gS tks oDQ ds fgr ds izfrdwy gS] gVk;s tkus dh vkKk lEc) lnL; ij fof/kor~ rkehy dh tk;sxh % izfrca/k ;g gS fd lnL; dks gVk;s tkus dh dksbZ vkKk rc rd u dh tk;sxh tc rd fd mls lquokbZ dk volj u ns fn;k x;k gks % izfrca/k ;g Hkh gS fd gVk;s tkus dh vkKk ds rkehy ds fnukad ls 30 fnu ds Hkhrj jkT; ljdkj dks vihy dh tk ldsxh vkSj vihy ij jkT; ljdkj dh vkKk vfUre gksxh vkSj ml ij fdlh fof/k U;k;ky; eas vkifRr ugh dh tk;sxh A 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 16 }kjk j[ks x;sA 252 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 64&67À v/;k; 8 cksMZ }kjk ;k mlds fo:) vFkok vU; O;fDr;kas }kjk oDQksa ls lEc) dfri; ;k dk;Zokfg;ka 64&& ¼1½ fjyhtl bUMkmesUV~l ,sDV] 1863 dh /kkjk 14 rFkk dksM vkQ flfoy izkslhtj] 1908 dh /kkjk 92 esa mfYyf[kr fdlh Hkh vuqrks”k dks ikus ds fy;s oDQ ls lEc) dksbZ okn mu ,sDVkas eas ls fdlh foifjr ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh] mu ,sDVkas esa fufnZ’V vuqefr ;k lEefr izkIr fd;s tkus fcuk cksMZ }kjk lafLFkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fjyhtl bUMkmesUV~l ,sDV] 1863 dh /kkjk 14 rFkk dksM vkQ flfoy izkslhtj] 1908 dh /kkjk 92 ds v/khu okn lafLFkr djuk A ,sDV la0 20] 1863 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ eas fufnZ’V fdlh vuqrks’k dks ikus ds fy;s oDQ ls lEc) dksbZ okn] cksMZ dh fyf[kr lEefr ds fcuk cksMZ ls fHkUu fdlh O;fDr ;k izkf/kdkjh }kjk lafLFkr ugah fd;k tk;sxk ¿vkSj ;fn cksMZ us ,slh lEefr ns nh gks rks mlds ckn mDr ,sDVkas esa vfHkfn’V vuqefr ;k lEefr ysuk vko”;d u gksxkAÀ 1 ,sDV la0 5] 1908 65&& cksMZ }kjk bl vf/kfue; ;k rnUrxZr cuk;s x;s fdUgha fu;ekas ds vuqlj.k esa fd;s x;s izdV gksus okys fdlh dk;Z ds laca/k eas mlds fo:) dksbZ okn rc rd lafLFkr ugha fd;k tk;sxk tc rd fd ,d fyf[kr uksfVl] ftleas okn dkj.k] oknh dk uke] o.kZu vkSj fuokl LFkku vkSj vuqrks’k ftldk og nkok djrk gks] fn;k gks] cksMZ dks fn;s tkus ;k mlds dk;kZy; eas NksM+s tkus ds i'pkr~ nks ekl O;rhr u gks x;s gks vkSj og okn i= eas bl vk”k; dk ,d dFku gksxk fd mDr uksfVl bl izdkj ns fn;k ;k NksM+ fn;k x;k gS A cksMZ ds fo:} i{kksa }kjk okn dk uksfVl 66&& ¼1½ oDQ lEifRr eas LoRo ls ;k eqroYyh ds vf/kdkj ls lEc} izR;sd okn ;k dk;Zokgh esa U;k;ky;] ,slk okn vFkok dk;Zokgh lafLFkr djus okys i{k ds O;; ls cksMZ dks uksfVl tkjh djsxk A U;k;ky; }kjk oknkas vkfn dk uksfVl ¼2½ tc dHkh fdlh oDQ lEifRr O;ogkj U;k;ky; dks fMdzh ds fu’iknu eas vFkok ljdkj ;k fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dks ns; fdlh jktLo] midj] LFkkuh; dj ;k dj dh olwyh ds fufeRr fcdzh ds fy;s foKkfir dh tk;s rks U;k;ky;] dysDVj ;k vU; O;fDr }kjk] ftldh vkKk ds v/khu fcdzh foKkfir dh xbZ gks] cksMZ dks uksfVl fn;k tk;sxk A ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu uksfVl u fn;s tkus dh n”kk esa ;fn cksMZ ,sls okn ;k dk;Zokgh dh tkudkjh izkIr djus ds ,d ekl ds Hkhrj U;k;ky; dks rnFkZ izkFkZuk&i= ns ns rks okn ;k dk;Zokgh esa nh xbZ dksbZ fMdzh vFkok vkKk “kwU; ?kksf’kr dj nh tk;sxh A ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu uksfVl u fn;s tkus dh n”kk esa ;fn cksMZ ,slh fcdzh dh tkudkjh izkIr djus ds ,d ekl ds Hkhrj U;k;ky; ;k vU; izkf/kdkjh dks] ftldh vkKk ds v/khu fcdzh gqbZ gks] rnFkZ izkFkZuk&i= ns ns rks og fcdzh “kwU; ?kksf’kr dj nh tk;sxh A 67&& ¼1½ ;fn yS.M ,Dohth”ku ,sDV] 1894 ds v/khu dk;Zokfg;kas ds nkSjku esa] iapfu.kZ; ¼Award½ fn;s tkus ds iwoZ dysDVj dks ;g izrhr gks fd dksbZ lEifRr tks vftZr dh tk jgh gS] oDQ lEifRr gS] rks dysDVj }kjk ,sls vtZu dk ,d uksfVl cksMZ ij rkehy fd;k tk;sxk vkSj vkxs dh dk;Zokgh jksd nh tk;sxh ftlls fd cksMZ] ,sls uksfVl dh izkfIr ds fnukad ls rhu ekl ds Hkhrj fdlh Hkh le; dk;Zokgh eas ,d i{k ds :Ik eas mifLFkr gks lds vkSj viuk i{k izLrqr dj ldsA yS.M ,Dohft”ku ,sDV] 1894 ds v/khu dk;Zokgh ,sDV la[;k 1] 1894 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26] 1966 bZ0 dh /kkjk 7 }kjk j[ks x;sA 253 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 68&71À ¼2½ ;fn cksMZ dks ;g fo”okl djus dk dkj.k gks fd dksbZ lEifRr tks vftZr dh tk jgh gS] oDQ lEifRr gS rks og iap fu.kZ; fn;s tkus ds iwoZ] fdlh Hkh le; dk;Zokgh esa ,d i{k ds :Ik eas mifLFkr gks ldrk gS vkSj viuk i{k izLrqr dj ldrk gS A ¼3½ ;fn cksMZ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds mica/kkas ds v/khu mifLFkr gks rks mls lquokbZ dk volj fn;s fcuk] yS.M ,Dohth”ku ,sDV] 1894 dh /kkjk 31 ;k /kkjk 32 ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk ugha nh tk;sxh A ¼4½ ;fn cksMZ ,slh vkKk dh tkudkjh izkIr djus ds ,d ekl ds Hkhrj ml izkf/kdkjh dks] ftlus vkKk nh gks] rnFkZ izkFkZuk&i= ns ns rks cksMZ dks lquokbZ fn;s fcuk] yS.M ,Dohth”ku ,sDV] 1894 dh /kkjk 31 ;k /kkjk 32 ds v/khu nh xbZ vkKk “kwU; ?kksf’kr dj nh tk;sxhA ,sDV la0 1] 1894 68&& oDQ ds ;k fdlh oDQ lEifRr ds laaaca/k esa oDQ ls vifjfpr ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr vFkok mlds fo:) fdlh okn ;k dk;Zokgh ds ,d i{k ds :i eas mifLFkr gks ldrk gS vkSj viuk i{k izLrqr dj ldrk gsS A cksMZ }kjk izkFkZuk i= fn;s tkus ij oDQ ls laca) okn ;k dk;Zokgh esa mls ,d i{k cuk;k tk;sxk 69&& oDQ ds eqroYyh }kjk mlds fo:) oDQ lEifRr esa LoRo ls ;k eqroYyh ds vf/kdkjkas ls lEc) rFkk fdlh U;k;ky; eas fopkkjk/khu fdlh okn ;k dk;Zokgh esa cksM Z dh Lohdf̀r ds fcuk le>kSrk ugha fd;k tk;sxk A eqrofYy;kas }kjk ;k muds fo:) oknkas esa le>kSrs ij jksd ¿69&d&& cksMZ }kjk flfoy U;k;ky; esa fdlh ,sls vuqrks’k ds fy;s] tks /kkjk 49&[k ;k /kkjk 57&d ds v/khu dk;Zokfg;kas }kjk izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS] dksbZ okn ;k vU; dk;Zokgh lafLFkr ugha dh tk;sxh AÀ 1 dfri; vuqrks’k ds fy, okn vkfn ij jksd v/;k; 9 vf/kdj.k&&mudk la?kVu] vf/kdkj vkSj d̀R; 70&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] ljdkjh xtV esa foKfIr }kjk] mrus vf/kdj.k la?kfVr dj ldrh gS] ftrus bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s vko”;d gksaA izR;sd vf/kdj.k dk jkT; esa ,sls {ks=kas ij {ks=kf/kdkj gksxk] tks fufnZ’V fd;s tk;saA vf/kdj.kksa dk la?kVu ¼2½ vf/kdj.k esa dsoy ,d O;fDr gksxk] tks jkT; ljdkj dk ,d ,slk U;kf;d vf/kdkjh ¼Judicial Officer½ gksxk] tks flfoy tt ls U;wu in dk uk gks vkSj tks vf/kdj.k ds :Ik eas ;k rks uke ls ;k ljdkjh inuke ls fu;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA 71&& dksbZ fookn] iz”u ;k fo’k;] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vf/kdj.k dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tk ldrk gks] ml vf/kdj.k dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tk;sxk] ftldk ml {ks= ij {ks=kf/kdkj gks] ftleas ,sls fookn] iz”u ;k fo’k; ls lEc) lEifRr fLFkr gks ;k ;fn ,slh lEifRr ,d ls vf/kd vf/kdj.kksa ds {ks=kf/kdkj ds vUrxZr vkus okys {ks=ksa eas fLFkr gks rks muessa ls fdlh ,d dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tk;sxk vkSj l{ke ;qDr vf/kdj.k ml fookn iz”u ;k fo’k; ij bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj fu.kZ; nsxk % vf/kdj.kksa dks fopkj vkfn dk vfHkns”k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 17 }kjk c<+k;h x;hA 254 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 72&77À izfrca/k ;g gS fd fdlh oDQ ds laca/k esa bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dksbZ Hkh dk;Zokgh dsoy bl dkj.k ugha jksdh tk;sxh] u fuyfEcr dh tk;sxh fd vf/kdj.k ds le{k dksbZ ,slk fookn] iz”u ;k fo’k; fopkjk/khu gS A 72&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e rFkk fdUgha fu;eksa ds] tks rnFkZ cuk;s tk;s] mica/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] vf/kdj.k mlh izfdz;k dk vuqlj.k djsxk] tks dksM vkQ izkslhtj] 1908 eas oknkas ds laca/k eas O;ofLFkr gSA vf/kdj.kkas ds le{k izfdz;k ,sDV la0 5] 1908 ¼2½ bafM;u ,foMsUl ,sDV] 1872 ds mica/k] vf/kdj.k }kjk fooknkas ds fu.kZ; ij lHkh fo’k;kas esa izoR̀r le>s tk;sxsa A ,sDV la0 1] 1872 73&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ fookn vf/kdj.k dks fu.kZ; djus ds fy;s vfHkfn’V fd;k x;k gks rks og viuh dk;Zokfg;ka “kh?kzrk ls djsxk vkSj muds lekIr gksus ij] ftruk “kh?kz O;ogk;Z gks] vius gLrk{kj ls fyf[kr :Ik esa viuk iap fu.kZ; nsxk A vf/kdj.kkas }kjk iap fu.kZ; ¼2½ vf/kdj.k ;k rks Lor% vFkok fookn ds fdlh i{k }kjk izkFkZuk i= fn;s tkus ij iap fu.kZ; esa fdlh xf.kr ;k fyfid laca/kh v”kqf) vFkok fdlh vkdfLed pwd ;k yksi ls mRiUu Hkwy dks “kq) dj ldrk gS A ¼3½ iap fu.kZ; dh ,d izfrfyfi vkSj tc dHkh iap fu.kZ; eas iwoksZDr jhfr ls “kqf) dh tk;s] tks ml vkKk dh ,d izfrfyfi] fookn ds izR;sd i{k dks nh tk;sxh ;k ;fn dksbZ i{k iap fu.kZ; ;k vkKk] tSlh Hkh n”kk gks] ds le; vf/kdj.k ds le{k mifLFkr u gks rks mldh ,d izfrfyfi ml i{k ds irs ij jftLVªhdr̀ Mkd }kjk Hkst nh tk;sxhA 74&& vf/kdj.k] O;ogkj&U;k;ky; le>k tk;sxk vkSj mldh ogh vf/kdkj gksxsa] tks ,sls U;k;ky; esa dksM vkQ flfoy izkslhtj] 1908 ds v/khu] okn ij fopkj djrs le; ;k fMdzzh vFkok vkKk dk fu’iknu djrs le; fufgr gksrs gS A vf/kdj.kksa ds vf/kdkj ,sDV la0 5] 1908 75&& dksbZ O;fDr fdlh O;ogkj U;k;ky; eas fdlh ,sls fookn iz”u ;k fo’k; ds laca/k esa dksbZ okn ;k vU; dk;Zokgh lafLFkr ugha djsxk] ftldk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fu.kZ; ds fy;s fdlh vf/kdj.k dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tkuk visf{kr ;k vuqKkr gks A vf/kdj.k }kjk fu.khZr fd;s tkus okys ekeyksa eas okn izLrqr djus ij jksd 76&& vf/kdj.k dk iap fu.kZ; vafre vkSj fu”pk;d rFkk laca) i{kkas ij ca/kudkjh gksxk vkSj og fMdzh ds leku izHkkoh gksxk rFkk mlds fo:) fdlh fof/k U;k;ky; esa u rks vkifRr dh tk;sxh vkSj u gh vihy dh tk;sxh % izfrca/k ;g gS fd mPp U;k;ky; Loefr ls fdlh le; Lor% ;k cksMZ vFkok fdlh {kqC/k O;fDr }kjk izkFkZuk&i= fn;s tkus ij] fdlh okn ds vfHkys[k dks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fd;s x;s fdlh iap fu.kZ; dh “kq)rk] oS/krk ;k vkSfpR; ds fo’k; esa viuk lek/kku djus ds iz;kstukFkZ eaxk ldrk gS vkSj mldh tkap dj ldrk gS vkSj ,slh vkKk;as ns ldrk gS] tks og mfpr le>sA iap fu.kZ; ds fo:} vihy ugah dh tk ldsxh 77&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] bl vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 70 ls 76 rd ds mica/kksa ds dk;kZUo; ls lac) fdUgha dfBukbZ;kas dks nwj djus ds iz;kstukFkZ] ljdkjh xtV eas izdkf”kr vkKk }kjk funs”k ns ldrh gS] fd ;s mica/k ml vof/k eas] tks fufnZ’V dh tk;s] ,sls vuqdwyukas ¼pkgs oss ifj’dkj ds :Ik esa gks vFkok ifjo)Zu ;k yksi ds :Ik eas½ ds v/khu jgrs gq;s izHkkoh gksxsa] tks b’Vdj ;k vko”;d le>s % dfBukbZ;ksa dk nwj fd;k tkuk 255 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 78&79À izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds fnukad ls pkSchl ekl ds ckn ,slh vkKk ugha nh tk;sxh A ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu nh x;h vkKk ij fdlh fof/k U;k;ky; eas bl vk/kkj ij vkifRr u dh tk;sxh fd mDr mi/kkjk eas mfYyf[kr izdkj dh dksbZ dfBukbZ fo|eku ugha Fkh ;k mldk nwj djuk visf{kr u Fkk A v/;k; 10 izdh.kZ 78&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] ljdkjh xtV esa foKfIr }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds dk;kZfUor djus ds fy;s fu;e cuk ldrh gS A fu;e cukus dk vf/kdkj ¼2½ fo”ks’kr;k vkSj iwoksZDr vf/kdkj dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk bu fu;ekas eas fuEufyf[kr lHkh ;k fdlh fo’k; dh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS( vFkkZr~&& ¼d½ jhfr] ftlds vuqlkj ekeyk vf/kdj.k dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tk;sxkA ¼[k½ vf/kdj.k }kjk vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfdz;k rFkk le;Øe A ¼3½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;s x;s lHkh fu;e ljdkjh xtV eas izdkf”kr fd;s tk;sxsa vkSj tc rd fd ckn dk dksbZ fnukad fuf”pr u fd;k tk;s] ml izdk”ku ds fnukad ls izpfyr gks tk;sxas A ¼4½ lHkh fu;ekas dks muds cuus ds ckn ;Fkk”kh?kz jkT; fo/kku e.My ds le{k de ls de pkSng fnu rd j[kk tk;sxk vksj os ,sls ifj’dkjkas ds v/khu jgsxsa] tks fo/kku eaMy ml l= eas djsa] ftleas os bl izdkj mlds le{k j[ks tk;sxsa A 79&& ¼1½ cksMZ] jkT; ljdkj ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ds v/khu jgrs gq;s vius d`R;kas ds laiknu rFkk bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy;s bl vf/kfu;e ls lqalxr mifof/k;ak cuk ldrk gS A cksMZ dks mifof/k;ka cukus dk vf/kdkj ¼2½ fo”ks’kr;k vkSj iwoksZDr vf/kdkj dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] bu mifof/k;kas eas fuEufyf[kr lHkh vFkok fdlh fo’k; dh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS( vFkkZr~&& ¼d½ ¿ * * * À 1 ¼[k½ cksMZ dh cSBdkas dk le; vkSj LFkku] mudh izfdz;k rFkk dk;Z lapkyu( ¼x½ cksMZ ds lfpo rFkk deZpkfj;kas dh vgZrk;as] miyfC/k;ak vkSj lsok ds fuca/ku vkSj “krssZ ( ¼?k½ fujh{k.k dh vuqefr vkSj cksMZ dh dk;Zokfg;ksa ;k vfHkys[kkas dh izfrfyfi;ak fns;s tkus ds fy;s “kqYd vkSj “krsZa ( ¼³½ mi&lfefr dk la?kVu] dR̀; izfdz;k vkSj dk;Z lapkyu ( ¼p½ oDQkasa dh jftLVªh ds fy;s izkFkZuk i= nsus dk izi= rFkk jhfr ( ¼N½ oDQ jftLVj esa fn;s tkus okys C;kSjs vkSj mldk izi= ( ¼t½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu va”knku ds vkjksi.k ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s oDQkas dh vk; dk fglkc yxkus dh jhfr ( 1 m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 11] 1974 bZ0 dh /kkjk 7 }kjk fudkyk tk;sA 256 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 80&82À ¼>½ cksMZ vkSj izR;sd oDQ ds okf’kZd ctV vkSj ys[ks rS;kj djus ds fy;s izi= vkSj jhfr;ka ( ¼´½ fdlh ;k izR;sd oDQkas ds laca/k eas cksMZ }kjk visf{kr fofHkUu foojf.k;ksa ds izi= rFkk mUgas izLrqr djus dh jhfr ( ¼V½ oDQ fuf/k dh vfHkj{kk rFkk fofu;kstu ¼Investment½( ¼B½ cksMZ ds lnL;kaas ds fy;s ;kaf=d HkRrk Lohdr̀ djuk ( ¼M½ cksMZ ds rFkk ;fn dksbZ mi lfefr gks rks mlds dk;kZy; esa j[kh tkus okyh iqLrdas rFkk ys[ks ( ¼<½ oDQksa ds ys[ks j[kus] mudk ys[kk ijh{k.k djus rFkk mUgsa izdkf”kr djus dh jhfr] ys[kk ijh{kd ds izfrosnu dk izi= vkSj fo’k; oLrq vkSj ys[kk ijh{kdkas dks fn;k tkus okyk ikfjJfed dh nj ( ¼.k½ cksMZ ;k milfefr ds le{k izLrqr fd;s tkus okys izkFkZuk i=ksa ij ns; “kqYd ( ¼r½ os O;fDr] ftuds }kjk cksMZ dh dksbZ vkKk ;k fu.kZ; izek.khdr̀ fd;k tk ldsa ( vkSj ¼Fk½ dksbZ vU; fo’k;] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cksMZ }kjk fu;r fd;s tkus ds fy;s visf{kr ;k vuqer gks A 80&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;s x;s lHkh fu;e vkSj mifof/k;ka ljdkjh xtV eas izdkf”kr dh tk;sxh vkSj rRi”pkr~ os fof/k ds leku izHkkoh gksaxh A ¼2½ cksMZ ds lnL;ksa rFkk v/;{kksa ds uke ljdkjh xtV eas izdkf”kr fd;s tk;sa A fu;e mifof/k;ka vkSj lnL;ksa rFkk v/;{kkas ds uke foKkfir fd;s tk;sxasA 81&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] cksMZ ;k vk;qDr ds vFkok bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;Fkkfof/k fu;qDr fdlh vU; O;fDr ds fo:) fdlh ,sls dk;Z ds laca/k esa] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ln~Hkkouk ls fd;k x;k gks vFkok fd;s tkus ds fy;s vfHkizsr gks] dksbZ okn ;k vU; fof/kd dk;Zokgh u dh tk ldsxh A lnHkkouk ls fd;s x;s dk;ksZ dk laj{k.k ¼2½ vk;qDr] vfrfjDr oDQ&vk;qDr] lgk;d oDQ&vk;qDr izR;sd ys[kk ijh{kd] cksMZ dk izR;sd vf/kdkjh vkSj deZpkjh rFkk izR;sd vU; O;fDr] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k rn~/khu cuk;s x;s fu;Ekksa vFkok nh xbZ vkKkvkas }kjk mu ij vkjksfir fdUgha drZO;kas dk ikyu djus ds fy;s ;Fkkfof/k fu;qDr gks] bafM;u iSuy dksM] 1860 dh /kkjk 21 ds vFkZ eas yksdlsod ¼public servant½ le>k tk;sxk A ,sDV 45] 1860 82&& oDQkas dh vk; eas ls miyC/k leLr vfrfjDr ;k lafpr /kujkf”k eqfLye fof/k }kjk iwrZ vFkok /kkfeZd mn~ns”;ksa ds :Ik eas Lohdr̀ mn~ns”;ksa eas ls ,sls mn~ns”;kas ij O;; dh tk;sxh tks cksMZ }kjk vo/kkfjr fd;s tk;sA ,slh /kujkf”k cksMZ ds vuqeksnu ls ,d oDQ }kjk nwljs oDQ dks ,sls fuca/kuksa vkSj “krksZa ij _.k ds :Ik esa nh tk ldrh gS] tks fu;r dh tk;aA vfrfjDr vkSj lafpr /kujkf”k 257 ¿mRrj izns”k eqfLye oDQ vf/kfu;e] 1960À ¿/kkjk 83&85À 83&& /kkjk 34 ds v/khu ns; va”knku vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu olwyus ;ksx; izR;sd /kujkf”k] cksMZ }kjk nsunkj O;fDr dh py ;k vpy laifRr dh dqdhZ vkSj fodz; }kjk vFkok rnFkZ jkT; ljdkj }kjk cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ds vuqlkj oDQ lEifRr dk izkid ¼reciever½ fu;qDr djds olwy dh tk ldrh gS A dqdhZ }kjk ns; /kujkf”k;ksa dh olwyh 84&& bl vf/kfu;e ds iz”kklu ds laaaca/k esa fd;s x;s fdlh O;; dk nkf;Ro jkT; ljdkj ij u gksxk A jkT; ljdkj ij nk;fRo u gksxk 85&& ¼1½ fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fer dh dksbZ ,slh ckr] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ls vlaxr gks] ,sls oDQksa ij izoR̀r u gksxh] ftu ij og vf/kfu;e izoR̀r gksrk gS A fujlu vkSj O;kòfRr ¼2½ le;&le; ij ;Fkkla”kksf/kr ;w0ih0 eqfLye oD¶l ,sDV] 1936 vkSj gqlsukckn baMkmeasV ,sDV] 1878 fujLr fd;s tkrs gS % ;w0ih0,sDV la0 13] 1936 ¿fdlh ,sls oDQ ij viuh izof̀Rr ds laca/k eas ftl ij ;g vf/kfu;e ykxw gksrk gks] fuEufyf[kr vfu;ferrk;ka Hkh ,rr}kjk fujLr dh tkrh gS % ,sDV la0 15] 1878 ¼1½ caxky psfjVsfcy ,UMkmesaVl ifCyd fcfYMaXl ,.M ,lphV~l jsxqys”ku] 1810 ( ,sDV 16] 1810 ¼2½ fjfytl ,UMkmesaVl ,sDV] 1863 ( ,sDV 20] 1863 ¼3½ psfjVsfcy ,UMkmesaVl ,sDV] 1890 ( ,sDV 6] 1890 ¼4½ psfjVsfcy ,.M fjfytl VªLV ,sDV] 1920 %À 1 ,sDV 14] 1920 izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl fujlu dks fdlh U;k;ky; esa fopkjk/khu dksbZ okn ;k dk;Zokgh ds laca/k eas vFkok fdlh okn ;k dk;Zokgh eas fn;s tkus okys vkns”k ds fo:) vihy vFkok iqujh{k.k ds izkFkZuk i= ds laca/k esa mu ,sDVkas ds izorZu ij izHkko u iM+sxk vkSj blds v/khu jgrs gq;s mu ,sDVkasa }kjk ;k muds v/khu izkIr vf/kdkjkss a dk iz;ksx djds fd;k x;k dksbZ dk;Z ;k dh xbZ dksbZ dk;Zokgh tc rd fd bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh mica/k }kjk Li’V :Ik ls vU;Fkk visf{kr u gks] bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k blds v/khu izkIr vf/kdkjkas dk iz;ksx djds fd;k x;k ;k dh xbZ le>h tk;sxh ekuks og vf/kfu;e ml fnu izpfyr Fkk] ftl fnu ,slk dk;Z fd;k x;k Fkk ;k ,slh dk;Zokgh dh xbZ FkhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 28] 1971 bZ0 dh /kkjk 18 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 258 THE UTTAR PRADESH MUSLIM WAQFS ACT 1960 1 [U. P. ACT NO. XVI OF 1960] Amended by U. P. ACT No. XXV OF 1963 U. P. ACT No. XXVI OF 1966 U. P. ACT No.3 OF 1970 U. P. ACT No. 28 OF 1971 U. P. ACT No. 18 OF 1972 U. P. ACT No. 11 OF 1974 [Passed in Hindi by the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council on April 6, 1960 and by the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly on April 28, 1960 Received the assent of the President on August 27, 1960 under Article 201 of ‘the Constitution of India’ and was published in the Uttar Pradesh Gazette Extraordinary dated September 3, 1960.] AN ACT to provide for better governance, administration and supervision of certain classes of waqfs in Uttar Pradesh WHERAS it is expedient to provide for better governance, administration and supervision of certain classes of waqfs in Uttar Pradesh. It is hereby enacted in the Eleventh Year of the Republic of India as follows :-- Preliminary Short title, extent and commencement 1. (1) This Act may be called the Uttar Pradesh Muslim Waqfs Act, 1960. (2) It shall extend to the whole of Uttar Pradesh. (3) It shall come into force at once. Application of the Act 2. (1) Save as herein otherwise specifically stated, this Act shall apply to all waqfs, whether created before or after the commencement of this Act, any part of the property comprised in which is situate in Uttar Pradesh, and to all the waqfs which at the time of the coming into force of this Act were under the superintendence of the Sunni Central Board or the Shia Central Board constituted under U. P. Muslim Waqfs Act, 1936. 2 [(2) This Act shall also apply to the endowments hitherto governed by the Husainabad Endowment Act, 1878, the trusts known as King's side and the Queen's side of Shahnajaf Trust, the Waqfs known as Waqf Abbu Saheb, Rauza Kazman Waqf and Waqf Wazir Begum, Lucknow and any other endowment, trust or waqf hitherto administered by the Trustees appointed under the said Husainabad Endowment Act; and all these endowments, trusts and waqfs shall be deemed to be waqfs for the purpose of this Act : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. For S.O.R. see U. P. Gaz, Extra. d. Feb. 24, 1960. 2. Subs. by s. 2 of U. P. Act No. XXV of 1963 and be deemed to have come into force on September 3, 1960. 259 [The Uttar Pradesh Muslim Waqfs Act, 1960] [Section 3] Provided that the State Government shall have the power to make, by notification in the official Gazette, such adaptations, whether by way of modification, addition or omission, not affecting the substance of the provisions of this Act, as it may deem fit, in its application to the aforesaid endowments, trusts and waqfs.] 1 (3) [* * * * ] 2 Definitions 3. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or Context- (1) “beneficiary" means a person or object for whose benefit a waqf is created and includes religious, pious or charitable object and any other object of public utility estabished for the benefit of the Muslim Community or any sect thereof; (2) 'Board" means the Sunni Central Board or the the Shia Central Board constituted under this Act ; (3) "Commissioner" means a Commissioner of waqfs appointed by the State Government, under section 4 ; (4) "family" includes-- (i) parents and grand-parents ; (ii) wife or husband ; and (iii) persons related through any ancestor, male or female; [(5) "mutawalli" means any person appointed either verbally or under any deed or instrument by which a Waqf, has been created or by a competent authority to be the mutawalli of a waqf, and includes any naib-mutawalli, khadim, mujavir, sajjada­nashin, amin or other person appointed by a mutawalli to perform the duties of a mutawalli and save as otherwise provided in this Act, any person or Committee for the time being managing or administering any waqf property as such ;] 3 (6) "net income" means the total income less revenue, cess, rates, taxes or surcharge payable to the Government or to any local authority; (7) "property" includes Government securities and bonds, shares in firms and companies, stocks, debentures and other securities and instruments, and cash and other commodities; (8) "prescribed" means prescribed by bye-laws or rules made under this Act; (9) "sub-committee" means a sub-committee appointed for any local area under section 27 ; (10) "Tribunal" means a Tribunal constituted under section 70 ; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by se 2 of U. P. Act No. XXV of 1963 and be deemed to have come into force on September 3, 1960. 2. Omitted by section 2 of U.P .Act No. 28 of 1971. 3. Substituted by section 3(a) ibid. 260 [The Uttar Pradesh Muslim Waqfs Act, 1960] [Section 4-6] (11) "Waqf" means the permanent dedication or grant of any property for any purpose recognized by the Muslim Law or usage as religious, pious or charitable, and includes wqfs-alal­ aulad [(to the extent to which the property is dedicated or granted for any such purpose as aforesaid)] 1 and waqifs by user, and “waqif" means the person who makes such dedication or grant; (12) "Waqf” property" includes offerings made at a shrine or tomb or imambara; and (13) "State Government." means the Government of Uttar Pradesh. CHAPTER I Survey of Waqfs Appointment of Commissioner of Waqfs and Additional or Assistant Commissioners of Waqfs 4. The State Government may, from time to time, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint a Commissioner of Waqfs and as many Additional Commissioners of Waqfs or Assistant Commissioners of Waqfs as may be necessary for the purpose of making a survey of all waqf properties in the State or in specified areas thereof whether the waqfs be subject to this Act or not. 5. An Additional Commissioner of Waqfs or an Assistant Com­missioner of Waqfs shall exercise all the powers and perform all the duties which under this Act have been conferred or enjoined upon the Commissioner. Survey of waqfs 6. (1) The Commissioner shall apportion the work of survey of waqfs between himself and the Additional and Assistant Commissioners in such manner as he may think proper, and shall generally supervise and control their work. (2) The Commissioner of Waqfs, shall, after making such inquiries as he may consider necessary, ascertain and determine- (a) the number of all waqfs in the area showing the Shia waqfs and Sunni waqfs separately; (b) the nature and objects of each waqf; (c) the gross income of the property comprised in each waqf; (d) the amount of revenue, cesses, rates, taxes and surcharge payable to the Government or the local authority in respect of each waqf property; (e) expenses incurred in the realization of the income and the pay or other remuneration of the mutawalli of each waqf; (f) [* * * ] 2 (g) such other particulars relating to each waqf as may be prescribed: Provided that where there is a dispute as to whether a particular waqf is a Shia waqf or Sunni waqf and there are clear indications in the recitals of the deed of waqf as to the sect to which it pertains, such dispute shall be decided on the basis of such recitals. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by section 3(b) of U. P. Act No.28 of 1971. 2. Omit by Section 4 ibid 261 [The Uttar Pradesh Muslim Waqfs Act, 1960] [Section 7-9] (3) The Commissioner shall while making any inquiry, have the same powers as are vested in a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 in respect of the following matters, namely- (a) summoning and examining any witness; (b) requiring the discovery and production of any document; (c) requisitioning any public record from any court or office; (d) issuing commissions for the examination of accounts and witnesses ; (e) making any local inspection or local investigation; and (f) any other matter which may be prescribed by the State Government. (4) The Commissioner, the Additional Commissioner of Waqfs or Assistant Commissioner of Waqfs shall submit his report of enquiry, containing the particulars mentioned in sub-section (2) above, to each of the Boards and the State Government and the State Government shall, as soon as possible, notify in the official Gazette the waqfs relating to particular sect, to which, according to such report, the provisions of this Act apply. Recovery of costs of survey 7. (1) The total cost of making a survey under this Chapter shall, where the survey is State-wide, be borne by all the mutawallis in proportion to the income of the property of the waqfs in the State, and where the survey is confined to a particular area, by the mutawallis of the waqfs situate in that area in proportion to the income of the property of the waqfs in that area. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the deed or instrument creating any waqf, any mutawalli may pay from the income of the waqf property any sum due from him under sub-section (1). (3) Any sum due from a mutawalli under sub-section (1) may, on a certificate issued by the State Government, be recovered in the manner provided in section 83. 8. (1) If any dispute arises whether a particular property is waqf property or not or whether a waqf is a Shia waqf or Sunni waqf, the Board concerned or the mutawalli of the waqf or any person interested therein, may, in accordance with the provisions of this Act, refer the dispute for adjudication to the Tribunal : Provided that no such dispute shall be entertained by a Tribunal after the expiry of one year from the date of the publication of the list of waqfs under sub-section (4) of section 6. (2) The Commissioner, Additional Commissioner of Waqfs and Assistant Commissioner of Waqfs shall not be made a party to any proceeding under sub-section 1). U.P. Act XIII of 1936 9. (1) The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to the proceedings of any survey of waqf properties started before the commencement of this Act, and such survey shall be completed in accordance with the provisions of the U. P. Muslim Waqfs Act, 1936. 262 [The Uttar Pradesh Muslim Waqfs Act, 1960] [Section 10-11] (2) Nothing in this chapter shall affect the finality of the decisions of the Chief State Commissioner of Waqfs or of any State Commissioner of Waqfs or Commissioner of Waqfs in cases in which prior to the commencement of this Act the report of such Commissioner has become final. CHAPTER II Establishment of Boards and their functions Establishment of Central Boards U.P. act XIII of 1936 U.P. act XIII of 1936 10. (1) There shall be established in Uttar Pradesh two separate Boards to be called the "Sunni Central Board" and the "Shia Central Board" of Waqfs Each Board shall be a body corporate and shall have perpetual succession and a common seal and shall by its said name sue or be sued : Provided that the Boards which were constituted under the U. P. Muslim Waqfs Act, 1936, and were functioning at the time of the commencement of this Act shall be deemed to have been constituted under the provisions of this Act and shall continue to function till the expiry of their term under the U. P. Muslim Waqfs Act, 1936. (2) Anything required or permitted by this Act to be done by the Board shall in case of Sunni waqfs be done by the Sunni Central Board and in case of Shia waqfs by the Shia Central Board: Provided that the control and superintendence of the Shia Board over the [waqfs, endowments, and trusts referred to in sub-section (2) of section 2] 1 shall be subject to directions as may be Issued by the State Government from time to time. Constitution of Sunni Central Board 11. [(1)] 2 The Sunni Central Board shall consist of the following Sunni Muslims, elected [* * *] 5 or [co-opted or nominated as hereinafter indicated] 3 :- [(i) six members, of whom at least one shall be a member of the State Legislative Council, to be elected from amongst themselves by Sunni members of the State Legislature ;] 4 [(ii) two Sunni Advocates enrolled with the Uttar Pradesh State Bar Council, to be elected by Sunni members of the High Court Bar Association, Allahabad and Avadh Bar Association, Lucknow ;] 6 [(iii) one member from amongst the persons who in the opinion of the State Government are recognized scholars of Islamic theology, to be nominated by the State Government;] 7 1. Subs. by section 4 of U. P. Act no. XXV of 1963 and be deemed to have Come into effect on September 3. 1960. 2. Section 11 re-numbered as section 11(i) by section 2(i) of U. P. Act No. 3 of 1970. 3. Subs. by s.2 (1) (i) of U. P. Act no. 3 of 1970. 4. Subs. by s. 2 (a) of U. P. Act no. 1 8 of 1972. 5. Omit. by s.2 (a) of U. P. Act no. 11 of 1974. 6. Subs. by s.2 (b) of U. P. Act no. 11 of 1974. 7. Substitute by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 23 of 1995 263 [The Uttar Pradesh Muslim Waqfs Act, 1960] [Section 12-13] [(iv) two members, one of whom shall have knowledge or practical experience in respect of finance and the other in respect of administration, to be nominated by the State Government;] 1 (v) one member to be co-opted by the above [eleven] 2 members from amongst mutawallis of waqfs to which this Act applies having each an annual income of not less than [rupees three thousand] 3 ; (vi) the President, if he is not one of the above [twelve] 4 members. [(2) The election and co-option under sub-section (1) shall be held and made within such time and in such manner as the State Government may by general or special order direct, and any question or dispute relating to any such election or co-option, shall be referred to, the State Government whose decision shall be final.] 5 Constitution of Shia Central Board [12. (1)] 6 The Shia Central Board shall consist of the following Shia Muslims elected [* * * ] 7 or co-opted [or nominated or ex officio] 8 as hereinafter indicated : [(i) all Shia members of the State Legislature ;] 9 (ii) one member to be nominated by the State Government;] 10 (iii) one member to be elected by the Board of trustees of the Shia College, Lucknow from amongst its members; [(iv) three members, one of whom shall be a mutawalli of a waqf to which this Act applies having an annual income of not less than [rupees three thousand] 12 , one shall have knowledge or practical experience in respect of finance and administration, and the third shall be an Alim, to be co-opted by [the members referred to in the foregoing clauses] 13 ;] 11 (v) the President, if he is not one of [the members referred to in the foregoing clauses ;] 14 [(2) The election and co-option under sub-section (1) shall be held and made within such time and in such manner as the State Government may, by general or special order direct, and any question or dispute relating to any such election or co-option shall be referred to the State Government whose decision shall be final.] 15 1. Clauses IV and V subs. by s. 2 (1) (ii) of U. P. Act no. 3 of 1970. 2. Subs. by section 2 (c) of U. P. Act no. 18 of 1972. 3. Subs. by section 5 of U. P. Act no. 28 of 1971. 4. Subs. by section 2 (d) of U. P. Act no. 18 of 1972. 5. Subs. by section 2(c) of U.P. Act no.11 of 1974. 6. Section 12 re-numbered as sub-section (i) thereof by s.3 (l) of U.P. Act no. 3 of 1970. 7. Omit by B. 3 (a) of U. P. Act no. 11 of 1974. 8. Ins. by section 3 (i) (a) of U. P. Act no. 18 of 1972. 9. Subs. by section 3 (i) (b) ibid. 10. Subs. by section 3 (1) (i) of U. P. Act no. 3 of 1970. 11. Section 3(1)(ii) ibid. 12. Subs. by s. 6. of U. P. Act no. 28 of 1971. 13. Subs. by s. 3 (i) (c) of U. P. Act no. 18 of 1972. 14. Subs. by s. 3 (b) of U. P. Act no. 11 of 1974. 15. Ins. by s. 3 (c) ibid. 264 [The Uttar Pradesh Muslim Waqfs Act, 1960] [Section 13-14] [Nomination in certain cases 13. 1 [If any of the bodies referred to in clause (iii) of sub-section (1) of section 12] 8 [does not exist or is unable or fails to return the requisite number of members] 3 [within such time as may be specified by the State Government in that behalf] 2 the deficiency shall be made good by nomination of a [Shia Muslim] 9 by the State Government.] 1 [Notification of constitution of the Board 13-A As soon as may be after the election, nomination and co-option of the members and the election of the President has been completed, the State Government shall, by notification in the Official Gazette notify that the Board has been duly. Fresh elections in certain circumstances 13-B Whereas a result of any order of any court or for any other reason the State Government is unable to issue a notification of due constitution of the Board and more than five years have elapsed from the date of election of the President, the constitution of the Board shall not be notified and the election, nomination and co-option of the members and the President shall be made afresh to constitute an new Board.] 10 Term of the Board 14. [(1)] 4 Subject to the provisions of section 23 the term of the members of the Board shall be five years [from the date of the notification of its constitution; ] 5 Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, extend the said period by a further period not exceeding one year. [Provided further that except as provided in sub-section (2), the outgoing members of the Board (including its President) shall, notwithstanding the expiration of their term, continue to hold office as members and President respectively until the due constitution of the new Board is notified by the State Government in the Official Gazette.] 6 [(2) Whereas a result of any interim order of any Court, or for any other reason, the State Government is unable to issue a notification of due constitution of the new Board or after such notification is issued the new Board is unable to function, the State Government may, in the case of any interim order of a Court, for the duration of such order, and in any other case, for a period not exceeding [two years or upto the constitution of the Board, whichever is earlier] 11 , appoint a Sunni Muslim Officer or as the case may be, a Shia Muslim Officer, not below the rank of a Joint Secretary to the State Government, as Controller of the Board, and such Controller shall perform, exercise and discharge the functions, powers and duties of the Board as well as of its President and Members. (3) On the appointment of a Controller under sub-section (2), the person appointed as Controller under sub-section (2) as it stood before the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh muslim Waqfs (Amendment) Act, 1994; shall cease to be such Controller.] 7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs, by 3 (1) (ii) of U. P. Act no. 3 of 1970. 2. Subs. by s. 4 of U. P. Act no. 11 of 1974. 3. Subs. by section 7 of U.P. Act no. 28 of 1971. 4. S. 14 renumbered as Sub. s. (1) thoreof by section 5 of U. P. Act no. 3 of 1970. 5. Subs, by s. 5 (a) (i) ibid. 6. Ins. and be deemed to have been inserted w. e. f. December 5. 1969 by s. 5 (a) (ii) ibid. 7. Substituted by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 21 of 1994. 8. Substituted by section 3(a) of U. P. Act No. 23 of 1995. 9. Section 3(b) ibid. 10. Insertion by section 4 ibid. 11. Subs. by section 5 ibid. 265 [The Uttar Pradesh Muslim