THE UTTAR PRADESH CHILDREN ACT, 1951

8 1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;e ¿mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1] 1952À THE UTTAR PRADESH CHILDREN ACT, 1951 [U.P. ACT NO. 1 OF 1952] 9 1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;e 1 ¿mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1] 1952 bZ0À ¿mRrj izns”k fo/kku ifj’kn~ us fnukad 26 flrEcj] 1951 bZ0 rFkk mRrj izns”k fo/kku lHkk us fnuakd 28 flrEcj] 1951 bZ0 dh cSBd esa Lohdr̀ fd;kA ^^Hkkjr dk lafo/kku** ds vuqPNsn 201 ds vUrxZr jk’Vªifr us fnukad 5 Qjojh] 1952 bZ0 dks Lohdf̀r iznku dh vkSj vlk/kkj.k xtV esa fnukad 19 Qjojh] 1952 bZ0 dks izdkf”kr gqvkAÀ Ckkydksa ds fujks/ku ¼dLVMh½] vfHkj{k.k ¼izksVsD”ku½] bykt vkSj iquokZlu laca/kh fuf/k dks lagr vkSj la”kksf/kr djus ds fy;s rFkk vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ds fujks/ku] vfHk;ksx dh lquokbZ vkSj n.M dh O;oLFkk ds fy;s rFkk mRrj izns”k esa izorZu ds fy;s fjQkeZsVjh LdwYl ,sDV] 1897 esa la”kks/ku djus ds fy;s vf/kfu;e ,sDV la0 8] 1897 bZ0 Ckkydksa ds fujks/ku] vfHkj{k.k] bykt vkSj iquokZlu rFkk vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ds fujks/ku] vfHk;ksx dh lquokbZ vkSj n.M rFkk mRrj izns”k esa izorZu ds fy;s fjQkeZsVjh LdwYl ,sDV] 1897 esa la”kks/ku dh O;oLFkk djuk vko”;d gS ( izLrkouk vr% fuEufyf[kr vf/kfu;e cuk;k tkrk gS %&& v/;k; 1 izkjfEHkd 1&&¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e dk uke 1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;e gksxkA laf{kIr uke] izlkj vkSj izkjEHk ¼2½ bldk izlkj lEiw.kZ mRrj izns”k esa gksxk A ¼3½ ;g /kkjk vkSj /kkjk 77 rqjUr ykxw gks tk;sxh A ¼4½ jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV eas foKfIr 2 }kjk ;g vkns”k ns ldrh gS fd bl vf/kfu;e ds “ks’k micU/kkas esa lc ;k dksbZ fdlh LFkkuh; {ks=ksa eas] ,sls fnuakd ;k fnukadksa ij tks mDr foKfIr eas fufnZ’V gksa] izpfyr gksxsa A ¼5½ fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= eas bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gks tkus ij Hkh jkT; ljdkj] xtV eas foKfIr }kjk ckydkas ds vFkok vO;Ld vijkf/k;kas ds fdlh oxZ dks bl vf/kfu;e ds lHkh mica/kkas ;k mueas ls fdlh O;kikj ¼vkijs”ku½ ls eqDr dj ldrh gS A 2&&fo’k; ;k izlax ds izfrdwy u gksus ij bl vf/kfu;e eas && ifjHkk’kk,a ¼1½ ^^vuqeksfnr Ldwy** dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu laLFkkfir ;k izekf.kr Ldwy ls gksxk ( 1- mn~ns”;kas vkSj dkj.kksa ds fooj.k ds fy;s fnukad 23 flrEcj] 1950 bZ0 dk ljdkjh xtV nsf[k;sA 2- bl vf/kfu;e ds vfUre ì’B ij izdkf”kr QqV uksV ns[ksa A 10 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 2À ¼2½ ^^os”;ky;** dk rkRi;Z ,slh bekjr ;k LFkku ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ls gS] tks ,dkf/kdkj ¼flafxy VsukesUV½ :Ik esa os”;kof̀Rr ds iz;kstu ls ,d ls vf/kd O;fDr;kas ds mi;ksx ds fufeRr vf/kokflr gks ;k HkkM+s ij fn;k x;k gk vFkok ftlds fo’k; esa mDr izdkj ls vf/kokflr gksus ;k HkkM+s ij nsus dk mn~ns”; gks ( ¼3½ ^^eq[; fujh{kd** dk rkRi;Z ,sls eq[; fujh{kd ls gS] tks /kkjk 50 ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks ( ¼4½ ^^ckyd** dk rkRi;Z 16 o’kZ ls de voLFkk ds O;fDr ls gS ( ¼5½ fdlh ckyd vFkok vO;Ld vijk/kh dh ns[kjs[k ds laca/k eas ^^mi;qDr O;fDr** ds vUrxZr nfjnz ckydksa ds ysus ;k mudh j{kk ds fufeRr vFkok ckydksa ds izfr dzwjrk ds fuokj.kkFkZ laLFkkfir lfefr] laLFkk ;k fuxe laLFkk ¼okMh dkjiskjsV½ Hkh gS] mldh ns[kHkky eas j[ks x;s fdlh ckyd ;k vO;Ld vijk/kh dk mlds tUe/keZ ds vuqlkj ikyu&iks’k.k djus dk ;k djus eas lqfo/kk;sa nsus dk dk;ZHkkj ysrh gS( ¼6½ fdlh ckyd vFkok vO;Ld vijk/kh ds laca/k eas ^^laj{kd** ds vUrxZr ,slk O;fDr gS] tks ckyd ;k vO;Ld vijk/kh ds laca/k eas ;k mlds fo’k; eas fdlh dk;Zokgh dh vis{kk ¼dkfXutsal½ j[kus okys U;k;ky; ds er ls le; fo”ks’k ij mDr ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ij okLrfod vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k j[krk gks ( ¼7½ ^^vo;Ld U;k;ky;** dk rkRi;Z ,sls U;k;ky; ls gS] tks /kkjk 60 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu LFkkfir fd;k x;k gks vkSj mlds vUrxZr og U;k;ky; Hkh gS] tks mDr /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ eas O;ofLFkr jhfr ls dk;Z djrk gks ( ¼8½ ^^lkoZtfud LFkku** ds vUrxZr dksbZ ,slk lkoZtfud ikdZ] m|ku ¼xkMZu½ ;k jsyos LVs”ku vkSj dksbZ Hkwfe] bekjr ;k Hkwxzgkfn ¼izhfelst½ Hkh gS tgka le; fo”ks’k ij turk dk izos”k “kqYd ij vFkok fcuk “kqYd gksrk gks vFkok mDr izos”k dh vkKk gks ( ¼9½ ^^j{kkLFkku** dk rkRi;Z fdlh ,sls i;Zos{k.k x̀g ¼vkCtosZ”ku gkse½ ;k vukFkkJe] fpfdR;ky; ;k fdlh ,sls vU; mi;qDr LFkku ;k laLFkk ls gS] ftldk vf/koklh ¼vkD;wik;j½ ;k izcU/kd vLFkk;h :Ik ls ckyd dks ysus dks rS;kj gks vFkok tgka ij ,sls i;Zos{k.k xg̀ ¼vkCtosZ”ku gkse½ ;k vukFkkJe] fpfdRlky; ;k fdlh ,sls vU; mi;qDr LFkku ;k laLFkk fdlh iq:’k ckyd ds fy;s miyC/k u gks rks ,slk iqfyl Fkkuk Hkh tgka ckydksa dks o;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ls iF̀kd lqjf{kr j[kus dh O;oLFkk gks ;k gks ldrh gks ( ¼10½ ^^lq/kkj vf/kdkjh** dk rkRi;Z ,sls vf/kdkjh ls gS] tks /kkjk 34 ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks ( ¼11½ ^^fu;r** dk rkRi;Z fu;ekas }kjk fu;r ls gS ( ¼12½ ^^ekxZ** ¼LVªhV½ ds vUrxZr dksbZ Hkh jkt ekxZ vkSj dksbZ Hkh lkoZtfud iqy] lM+d] xyh] ixMaMh] pkSdksj LFkku] izkax.k] rax xyh ;k ekxZ gS] pkgsa os vke jkLrs gks ;k u gksa ( vkSj ¼13½ ^^vo;Ld vijk/kh** dk rkRi;Z fdlh ,sls ckyd ls gS] ftlds fo’k; eas ;g fu.kZ; gqvk gS fd mlus ,slk vijk/k fd;k gS] ftldk n.M fuokZlu ;k dkjkokl gS A 11 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 3À v/;k; 2 ckyd] ftldh ns[kHkky vFkok j{kk dh vko”;drk gS 3&& ¼1½ dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh ;k fu;r jhfr ls bl gsrq vf/kdr̀ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks U;k;ky; ds lkeus yk ldrk gS] tks ns[kus esa 16 o’kZ ls de voLFkk dk gks] vkSj&& ns[kHkky vFkok j{kk dh vko”;drk j[kus okys ckydksa ds fo’k; esa U;k;ky; dk vf/kdkj ¼d½ tks csdkj ?kwerk gqvk ik;k tk; vkSj ftldk dksbZ ?kj ;k fuf”pr fuokl LFkku ;k thfodk ds O;Dr lk/ku u gks] ;k tks csdkj ?kwerk gqvk Ikk;k tk; vkSj ftlds ekrk&firk ;k laj{kd u gksa ;k ftlds ,sls ekrk&firk ;k laj{kd gks tks mldh mfpr ns[kHkky vkSj laj{kdrk u djrs gksa] os ikyu djus esa v;ksX; gks ( ¼[k½ tks Hkh[k ekaxrk gqvk ;k ysrk gqvk ik;k tk;s] pkgs xkus ctkus] rek”kk djus ;k fczdzh ds fy;s vU; izdkj ls fdlh oLrq dks izLrqr djus dk cgkuk gks ;k u gks ;k fdlh ekxZ] Hkwxzgkfn ;k LFkku es bl izdkj Hkh[k ekaxus ;k nku izkIr djus ds mn~ns”; ls orZeku es Ikk;k tk;s] ;k ¼x½ tks fujkJ; ¼MsLVhV~;wV½ ik;k tk;s vkSj ftlds ekrk&firk ;k thfor ekrk ;k firk vkSj voS/k ¼bYysftfVesV½ ckyd ds laca/k esa] ftldh ekrk ;k nwljk laj{kd fuokZlu ;k dkjkokl dk n.M Hkksx jgk gks ;k jgs gksa] ;k ¼?k½ tks ,sls ekrk ;k firk ;k laj{kd dh ns[kHkky esa gks] tks vkijkf/kd ;k e|lsou ds vH;kl ds dkj.k ckyd dh ns[kHkky ds fy;s vuqi;qDr gks ;k tks LoHkko gh ls ckyd dh ns[kHkky esa izekn djrk gks ;k mlds lkFk dzwjrk dk O;ogkj djrk gks( ;k ¼³½ fdlh fo[;kr pksj dh laxr djrk gks( ;k ¼p½ tks ,sls edku esa ;k edku ds fdlh ,sls Hkkx esa jg jgk] Bgjk ;k fuokl djrk gks] ftls dksbZ os”;k os”;kof̀Rr ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s iz;ksx djrh gks ;k tks fdlh vU; izdkj ls fdlh ,slh ifjfLFkfr eas gks] tks ckyd ds Qqlyk;s tkus ;k O;fHkpkj esa iM+us dk dkj.k ;k izksRlkgd cu ldrh gS ;k mlds fy;s vuqdwy iM+ ldrh gS] ;k ¼N½ ftlds vU;Fkk dqlax esa iM+ tkus ;k uSfrd iru ds Hk; ls vkjf{kr gksus ;k vijk/kh thou izkjEHk djus dh laHkkouk gks % fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tc fdlh ckyd dk ,slk firk ;k ekrk ;k laj{kd gks] tks okLro eas ckyd ds Åij vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k j[krk gks rks mi;qDr O;fDr ;k vf/kdkjh] tks Hkh gks] igys igy fudVre U;k;ky; eas vk[;k izLrqr djsxk vkSj ,slk U;k;ky; ,slk ekrk ;k firk ;k laj{kd ls ,slh ekax dj ldrk gS fd og dkj.k crk;s fd dk;Zokgh pkyw jgus ds dky esa mDr ckyd mldh ns[kHkky ls D;aw u gVk fy;k tk;s vkSj ,sls ckyd dh laj{kdrk ds fy;s rFkk mldks U;k;ky; eas mifLFkr djus ds fy;s mi;qDr O;fDr ;k vf/kdkjh izfrHkw ¼L;ksfjVht½ ysdj ;g vuqefr ns ldrk gS fd ckyd vius ekrk&firk vFkok laj{kd ds vo/kku ¼pktZ½ esa jgrk jgs ;k ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd tc rd fd U;k;ky; bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr dksbZ vkKk u nsa] mldks vyx j[kk tk;s A Li’Vhdj.k&& ,slk ckyd mi/kkjk ¼p½ ds o.kZu ds vUrxZr ugha le>k tk;sxk] tks viuh ekrk ds] tks os”;k gks] edku esa Bgjk ;k fuokl dj jgk gks A 12 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 4&6À ¼2½ ;fn U;k;ky; dks tkap ds ckn bl ckr dk lUrks’k gks tk;s fd mDr O;fDr mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/kksa esa of.kZr ckyd gS vkSj ml ckyd ij dk;Zokgh djuk vko”;d gS] rks U;k;ky;&& ¼d½ mldks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas ;k ,sls mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas Hkstus dh vkKk ns ldrk gS] tks pkgs og mldk laca/kh gks ;k u gks] tc rd mDr ckyd 18 o’kZ dk u gks tk;s ;k mlls de vof/k ds mrus le; ds fy;s tks fuf”pr dj fn;k tk;s] mldh ns[kHkky djus ds fy;s rS;kj gks] ;k ¼[k½ mlds ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd dks ;fn dksbZ gks] ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd ,slh fuf”pr vof/k ds fy;s] tks rhu o’kZ ls vf/kd u gks] ckyd dh mfpr ns[kHkky ;k laj{kdrk dk eqpyd ¼fjQkfXutsUl ckaM½ ns] ;k ¼x½ dksbZ vU; vkKk fn;s fcuk ;k iwoZorhZ nks vuqPNsnksa eas ls fdlh ds vUrxZr nh x;h vkKk ds vfrfjDr ;g vkKk Hkh ns ldrk gS fd og ,slh fuf”pr vof/k ds fy;s tks rhu o’kZ ls vf/kd u gks] fdlh lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ;k U;k;ky; }kjk bl iz;kstu ds fy;s fu;qDr fdlh vU; O;fDr ds i;Zos{k.k esa j[k fn;k tk;sA ¼3½ ;fn tkap djus ds ckn U;k;ky; dks ;g lUrks’k gks tk;s fd og ckyd fdlh ,sls O;fDr dh izsj.kk ls ;k mlds ykHk ds fy;s fHk{kkof̀Rr djrk jgk gS] tks fHk{kqd ckydksa dks j[kus dk O;olk; djrk gks] rks U;k;ky; ,sls O;fDr dks U;k;ky; eas mifLFkr gksus dk vkns”k ns ldrk gS vkSj mlds dFku dks lquus ds ckn ;g vkns”k ns ldrk gS fd og dk;Zokgh ds [kpsZ ds laca/k esa ,slh /kujkf”k ns] tks 25 :i;s ls vf/kd u gks vkSj ,slk okn&O;; ¼dkLV½ dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslkstj] 1898 ds vuqcU/kksa ds v/khu olwy fd;k tk ldsxk] ekuks og tqekZuk ¼Qkbu gks½ A 4&& ,sls ckyd ds laca/k eas] ftldk lk/kkj.k fuokl&LFkku ml U;k;ky; ds] ftlds lEeq[k og mifLFkr fd;k tkrk gS] vf/k{ks= ds ckgj gks] mDr U;k;ky; dks vf/kdkj gS] ;fn mls mfpr tkap ds ckn bl ckr dk larks’k gks tk;s fd ,slk djuk miiUu gS] fd og ml ckyd dks mlds laca/kh ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds ikl Hkst ns] tks mls cqykdj viuh mfpr ns[kjs[k vkSj fu;a=.k esa j[kus ds fy;s mi;qDr vkSj rS;kj gks A U;k;ky; ds vf/k{ks= ds ckgj] fuokl LFkku j[kus okys ckyd dk mDr LFkku dks Hkstk tkuk 5&& tc ckyd ds firk] ekrk ;k laj{kd U;k;ky; ds lkeus bl vk”k; fd izkFkZuk djs fd og ckyd dks fu;af=r j[kus esa vleFkZ gS vkSj ckyd fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;s rks U;k;ky; ;fn mls tkap ds ckn ;g lUrks’k gks tk;s fd ckyd ds izfr bl izdkj dh dk;Zokgh djuk miiUu gS vkSj ;g fd firk ;k ekrk ;k laj{kd blds vkxkeh ifj.kke dks le>rk gS] ml ckyd dks fdlh ,sls Ldwy eass Hkstus dk ;k] ,slh fuf”pr vof/k ds fy;s tks rhu o’kZ ls vf/kd u gks] fdlh lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds i;Zos{k.k esa j[kus dk vkns”k ns ldrk gS A ckyd dk U;k;ky; ds lEeq[k mifLFkr djus dk vf/kdkj 6&& tc bl v/;k; ds v/khu ds gksus okyh dk;Zokgh dh fdlh voLFkk ij U;k;ky; ckyd ds fgr esa ,slk djuk mIkiUu le>s rks og fdlh j{kk&LFkku esa ckyd ds fujks/k ;k yxkrkj fujks/k ds fy;s ;k mldks fdlh ,sls mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa j[kus ds fy;s] tks mldh ns[kHkky djus dks rS;kj gks] vkns”k ns ldrk gS A U;k;ky; }kjk vUrfje vkns”k 13 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 7&9À v/;k; 3 ckydksa ds izfr vijk/k vkSj mldk fuokj.k 7&& ¼1½ ckyd ij okLrfod vo/kku ¼pktZ½ ;k fu;a=.k j[kus okyk O;fDr ;fn mls ,slh jhfr ls] ftlls ckyd dks vuko”;d d’V gks rks mlds LokLF; dks vk?kkr igq¡pas] ifjR;kx djsa] vjf{kr j[k ;k tkucw> dj mldh ns[kHkky eas izekn djsa ;k ml ij izgkj djsa] ;k mlds lkFk nqO;Zogkj djsa rks ml O;fDr dks nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds Hkh dkjkokl dk n.M ,sls le; ds fy;s fn;k tk ldsxk] ftldh vof/k N% ekl rd gks ldrh gS] ;k tqekZuk] tks nks lkS :i;s rd gks ldrk gS] fd;k tk ldsxk] vFkok dkjkokl vkSj tqekZuk ds nksuksa gh n.M fn;s tk ldsxsa A ckydksa ds izfr dzwjrk dk n.M ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s LokLF; dh {kfr ds vUrxZr nf̀’V ;k Jqfr dks vk?kkr ;k mldk gkzl vkSj “kjhj ds fdlh vax ;k bafnz; ¼vkxsZu½ dks igqapk vk?kkr ;k ekufld fof{ki ¼esaVy fMjsatesUV½ gS vkSj ftl ekrk&firk ;k vU; O;fDr ij ckyd ds iks’k.k dk fof/kd nkf;Ro gks] og ;fn ckyd ds fy;s i;kZIr Hkkstu] diM+k] fpfdRlk izcU/k ;k fuokl dh O;oLFkk tku&cw> dj u djsa rks mlds fo’k; esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus ckyd dh ns[kHkky esa ,slh jhfr ls izekn fd;k gS] ftlds mlds LokLF; dks vk?kkr igq¡pus dh lEHkkouk gS A ¼3½ ;|fi fdlh vU; O;fDr us okLrfod d’V vFkok LokLF; ds vk?kkr dk fuokj.k dj fn;k gks rks Hkh dksbZ O;fDr bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh vijk/k ds laca/k esa nks’kh Bgjk;k tk ldrk gS ¼eas ch dufoDVsM½ A ¼4½ bl /kkjk dh fdlh ckr ls ;g u le>k tk;s fd ckyd dks n.M nsus dk] tks vf/kdkj mlds Åij fof/kd fu;a=.k ;k vo/kku j[kus okys firk] ekrk] f”k{kd ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dks izkIr gS] mlls Nhurh ;k izHkkfor djrh gSA 8&& ¼1½ tks O;fDr vius ykHk ds fy;s fdlh ckyd dks fdlh ekxZ] Hkqx̀gkfn ;k LFkku esa tkdj Hkh[k ekaxus vFkok nku izkIr djus ds ;k yksxksa dks nku nsus ds fy;s izsfjr djus ds fufeRr] pkgs xkus ctkus rek”kk djus ;k fdlh oLrq dks fcdzh djus dk ;k vU; izdkj dk cgkuk gks ;k u gks] izsfjr djsas ;k ckyd ds Åij okLrfod vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k j[kus okyk O;fDr ckyd dks ,slk djus dh vuqefr ns rks ml O;fDr dks nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds Hkh dkjkokl dk] tks rhu ekl dh vof/k rd gks ldrk gS ;k tqekZus dk n.M tks ,d lkS :Ik;s dk gks ldrk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk ldsxsaA ckyd ds Hkh[k eaxokuk ;k mls Hkh[k ekaxus dh vuqefr nsuk ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] ljdkjh xtV esa foKfIr }kjk fdlh ftys ;k LFkku esa] tgka ij ;g vf/kfu;e izoR̀r gks] fdlh tu oxZ dks bl /kkjk ds vUrxZr n.Muh; gksus ls eqDr dj ldrh gSA 9&& ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ,sls ckyd ij vo/kku ¼pktZ½ j[krs gq;s] tks ns[kus esa lkr o’kZ ls de voLFkk dk gks] fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ ij ;k vU; lkoZtfud LFkku esa] pkgsa og dksbZ bekjr gks ;k ugha] u”ks esa Ikk;k tk;s vkSj ;fn ,slk O;fDr u”ks ds dkj.k ckyd dh mfpr ns[kHkky djus esa vleFkZ gks rks mls fxj¶rkj fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;fn ckyd ml voLFkk ls de gks rks ml O;fDr dks ipkl :I;s rd tqekZus dk n.M fd;k tk ldrk gS A ckyd ij vo/kku j[krs le; e|kfHkHkwr gksus ij n.M Li’Vhdj.k&& bl /kkjk ds izz;ktuksa ds fy;s fdlh ,sls ckyd dks lkr o’kZ ls de voLFkk dk le>k tk;sxk] ftlds laca/k esa] tc rd fd mlds fo:) dksbZ ckr fl) u gks tk;s] U;k;ky; dks ;g izrhr gks fd og ml voLFkk ls de dk gS A ckyd dh voLFkk dk vuqeku 14 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 10&15À 10&& tks dksbZ O;fDr] fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ ;k vU; lkoZtfud LFkku esa] og LFkku pkgs bekjr gks ;k u gks] fdlh ckyd dks mfpr ;ksX;rk izkIr fpfdRld dh vkKk ds fcuk ;k vLoLFkrk ;k fdlh vfoyEc dkj.k dh fLFkfr ds u jgrs gq;s] eknd nzO; ;k eknd rjy inkFkZ fnykus ;k iku djk;s rks mls ipkl :Ik;s rd tqekZus dk n.M fn;k tk ldsxk A ckyd dks eknd nzo ;k u”ks dk ikud nsus ij n.M 11&& ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds gkFk] tks ns[kus esa ckjg o’kZ ls de vk;q dk gks] flxjsV] flxjsV dk dkxt ¼flxjsV isij½] chM+h rEckdw] ;k /kweziku dk feJ.k ¼Leksfdax feDlpj½] pkgs og mlds vius gh mi;ksx ds fy;s gks ;k u gks] cspsxk] rks igyh ckj vijk/k djus ij mls ,slk vFkZ n.M fn;k tk ldsxk] tks iphl :Ik;s ls vf/kd u gksxk vkSj nwljh ckj ;k mlds ckn vijk/k djus ij ,slk vFkZn.M fn;k tk ldsxk] tks ,d lkS :i;s ls vf/kd u gks A ckydksa ds gkFk flxjsV bR;kfn cspus dk n.M Li’Vhdj.k&& bl /kkjk vkSj mlds Bhd ckn dh /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s ^^flxjsV** “kCn esa dkxt esa yisVh gqbZ dVh rEckdw] rEckdw dh iRrh ;k ,sls :Ik eas rS;kj dh gqbZ vU; lkexzh dk] tks /kweziku ds fy;s rRdky iz;ksx esa ykbZ tk lds] vUrHkkZo gksxkA 12&& iqfyl vf/kdkjh dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd ;fn fdlh ckyd dks fdlh ekxZ ¼LVªhV½ ;k lkoZtfud LFkku eas /kweziku djrk gqvk ik;] rks mlds ikl ls chfM+;k] flxjsV ;k /kweziku lfEeJ.k ¼Leksfdax feDlpj½ Nhu ys vkSj bl izdkj Nhuh xbZ chfM+;k] flxjsV ;k /kweziku lfEeJ.k ¼Leksfdax feDlpj½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk tCr dj fy;k tk;sxk vkSj ,sls izR;sd iqfyl vf/kdkjh dk ;g vf/kdkj gksxk fd og ckfydkvksa dks NksM+dj fdlh Hkh ckyd dks tks bl izdkj /kweziku djrk gqvk ik;k tk;s] ryk”kh ysa A ckyd ds ikl ls iqfyl vfHkdkjh }kjk chM+h] flxjsV rEckdw ;k /kweziku dk dksbZ lfeJ.k Nhuk tkuk 13&& tks O;fDr] fdlh ckyd ls dksbZ oLrq fu{ksi ¼iku½ ds :Ik eas ysxk] pkgs og oLrq ml ckyd us Lo;a viuh vksj ls nh gks ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dh vksj ls nh gks] mldks nksuks eas ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k ,d ekl rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks ,d lkS :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk ldsxsa A ckyd ls fu{ksi ¼iku½ xzg.k djus ij n.M 14&& pkj o’kZ vkSj lksyg o’kZ ds chp dh voLFkk okys ckyd ij okLrfod vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k j[kus okys fdlh O;fDr dks] tks ml ckyd dk os”;ky; eas jgus ;k vkus&tkus ns ;k bl ckr dh vuqKk nss] nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks o’kZ rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks ,d gtkj :i;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk ldsxsa A ckyd dk os”;ky; eas jgrs nsuk 15&& ¼1½ ;fn dkbZ O;fDr] ftlds okLrfod vo/kku ¼pktZ½ dk fu;a=.k eas vBkjg o’kZ ls de vk;q dh dksbZ ckyd yM+dh gks] ml ckyd yM+dh dks Qqlyk;s tkus ¼lsMD”ku½ ¿ftlds vUrxZr vuSfrd vkpj.k esa izoR̀r gksus ds fy;s fn;k x;k izyksHku ¼bUM~;wlesUV½ gSÀ ;k O;fHkpkj eas iM+us ds fy;s izsj.kk djsa ;k izksRlkgu nsa] ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks] tks ml ckyd yM+dh dk ifr u gks ;k ifr dh n”kk eas ckyd yM+dh dh voLFkk pkSng o’kZ ls vf/kd dh u gqbZ gks] mlds lkFk lekxe ¼lsD;qvy bUVjdkslZ½ djus ds fy;s izsfjr ;k izksRlkfgr djsa] rks mlds nks’kh Bgjk;s tkus ij nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks o’kZ rd gks ldrh gS ;k vFkZ n.M] tks ,d gtkj :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk ;k nksuks n.M fn;s tk ldsxsa A Qqlykus dk dkj.k cuuk ;k mls izksRlkgu nsuk vkfn 15 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 16&19À ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s fdlh O;fDr ds laca/k esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus fdlh ckyd yM+dh ds Qqlyk;s tkus ¼lsMD”ku½ ds fy;s izsj.kk nh gS ;k izksRlkgu fn;k gS ;k mls vuSfrd vkpj.k djus eaas izoR̀r fd;k gS] ;fn mlus ckyd yM+dh dks tkucw> dj fdlh os”;k ;k fdlh Kkr nqof̀Rr ¼vkQ uksu&bEekjy dSjsDVj½ O;fDr dk lax djus dh ;k mldh ukSdjh izkjEHk djus ;k djrs jgus dh vuqefr nh gks A 16&& ;fn vkjksi&i= feyus ij U;k;ky; dks ;g izrhr gks fd lksyg o’kZ ls de voLFkk okyh fdlh ckyd yM+dh ds lkFk mlds firk] ekrk ;k laj{kd }kjk dzwjrk dk O;ogkj fd;k tk jgk gS ;k ;g fd ,slh ckyd yM+dh ds vius firk] ekrk ;k laj{kd dh tkudkjh ;k mlds vutkus esa Qqlyk;s tkus ;k O;fHkpkj essa iM+us ;k os”;kof̀Rr djus dk Hk; gS] rks U;k;ky; ,sls firk] ekrk ;k laj{kd dks ,slh ckyd yM+dh dks leqfpr ns[kjs[k vkSj i;Zos{k.k djus ds laca/k eas fufnZ’V vof/k rd ds fy;s eqpydk nsus dk funsZ”k djsxk A vo;Ld ckfydk;aas cgdk;s tkus ds Hk; ls vkjf{kr bR;kfn ;k mlds dzwjrk dk O;ogkj 17&& tks O;fDr] lksyg o’kZ ls de mez dh ckyd yM+dh dks Qqlyk;sxk ;k mlds izfr vuSfrd vkpj.k djsxk] mls nks’kh Bgjk;s tkus ij nksukas esa ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks o’kZ rd gks ldrh gS] ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks ,d gtkj :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk ldsxs A cgdkuk ;k vukpkj ¼vkmV jst vkQ ekMsLVh½ 18&& ¼1½ tks O;fDr] fdlh ckyd dks izR;{kr% HkwR; deZ ¼ehfu;y ,EIyk;esUV½ ds fy;s] ;k fpV~Bh ¼Mkd½] QSDVªh ;k nwljs izdkj ds LFkkiu ¼bLVsfCy”kesUV½ esa etnwjh ¼,DlIyk;V~l½ mldh etnwjh jksdrk gS ;k mldh dekbZ ij viuk fuokZg djrk gS] mls nks’kh Bgjk;s tkus ij ,d gtkj :i;s rd dk vFkZn.M fn;k tk;sxk A ckyd ukSdjksa dk “kks’k.k ¼2½ tks O;fDr izR;{kr% fdlh ckyd dks mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fufnZ’V fdlh Hkh dk;Z ds fy;s j[krk gks] fdUrq ml ckyd dks bl izdkj j[krk gks] ftlls fd mlds Qqlyk;s tkus] mlds izfr vizkdf̀rd vukpkj gksus] mlds O;fHkpkj ;k os”;kof̀Rr esa iM+us ;k mlds lkFk nwljs izdkj ds vuSfrd vkpj.k gksus dk volj nsrk gks rks mls nks’kh Bgjk;s tkus ij nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks o’kZ rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks ,d gtkj :I;s rd gks ldrh gS] fn;k tk;sxk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk;sxsa A ¼3½ tks O;fDr] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k ¼2½ es fufnZ’V izdkj ls “kksf’kr ckyd ds Je ls tkucw> dj ykHk mBkrk gks] ;k ftldh vuSfrd rf̀Ir ds fy;s ,sls ckyd dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gks] og izoR̀rd ¼,oSVj½ ds :Ik esa n.Muh; gksxk A 19&& ¼1½ dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh tks lc bUlisDVj ds in ls uhps dk u gks ;k fu;r izdkj ls vf/kdr̀ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ,sls ckyd dks j{kk&LFkku esa ys tk ldrk gS] ftlds laca/k eas bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu n.Muh; ;k bf.M;u ihuy dksM] 1860 ds v/;k; 16 ds v/khu n.Muh; dksbZ vijk/k fd;k x;k gks ;k ;g fo”okl fd;k tkrk gS fd ,slk vijk/k fd;k x;k gS ;k mlds fd;s tkus dh laHkkouk gSA Ckkyd dk j{kk LFkku eas fujks/k ¼2½ tks ckyd bl izdkj j{kk&LFkku esa ys tk;k x;k gks] vkSj dksbZ ,slk ckyd Hkh tks j{kk&LFkku esa “kj.k pkgrk gks] ogka ij ml le; rd fu:) fd;k tk ldrk gS] tc rd og U;k;ky; ds lkeus u yk;k tk lds] fdUrq ,slk fujks/k] U;k;ky; dks fo”ks’k vkKk ds vHkko eas] fujks/k&LFkku ls U;k;ky; rd ;k=k esa yxus okyk le; NksMdj pkSchl ?k.Vs ls vf/kd dk u gks vkSj U;k;ky; ,slh vkKk ns ldrk gS] ftldk mYys[k bldh Bhd ckn esa vkus okyh mi/kkjk esa fd;k x;k gS vFkok ckyd ds fo’k; esa ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj vU; vko”;d dk;Zokgh djk ldrk gS tc rd fd ckyd fo’k;d mi;qZDr fdlh vijk/k ds laca/k esas fdlh O;fDr ds vijk/k dk vo/kkj.k] mlds nks’kh Bgjk;s tkus] mlds vojksi ;k foekspu }kjk u gks tk;s A 16 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 20À ¼3½ tc U;k;ky; dks ;g izrhr gks fd mi;qZDr izdkj dk vijk/k U;k;ky; ds lkeus yk;s x;s ckyd ds laca/k eas fd;k x;k gS ;k fd;s tkus dh laHkkouk gS vkSj ;g fd ckyd ds fgr eas ;g miiUu gS fd bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk nh tk;s rks U;k;ky; ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj visf{kr ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd tc rd tc fd vijk/k djus okys O;fDr fo”ks’k ij vkjksi yxkus ds fy;s leqfpr le; O;rhr u gks tk;s rc rd ml ckyd dks fujks/k vkSj ns[kHkky esa j[kk tk;s vkSj ;fn fdlh O;fDr ij ml le; ds Hkhrj vkjksi yxk fn;k tk;s rks rc rd fujks/k vkSj ns[k&Hkky esa j[kk tk; tc rd fd ml O;fDr ds vijk/k dk vo/kkj.k mlds nks’kh Bgjk;s tkus] vojksi ;k foekspu }kjk u gks tk;s vkSj nks’kh Bgjk;s tkus dh n”kk esa ,sls vkSj vf/kd le; ds fy,] ftls nks’kh Bgjkus okyk U;k;ky; fuf”pr djsa vkSj tks ,d ekl ls vf/kd dk u gks vkSj ;|fi dksbZ O;fDr mDr ckyd ds fujks/ku dk nkok djsa] ,sls vkns”k dks dk;kZfUor fd;k tk;sxk A 20&& ¼1½ ;fn ckyd dk okLrfod vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k j[kus okys fdlh O;fDr dks&& U;k;ky; dh vkKk ls ckyd dk fuLrkj.k ¼d½ ,sls ckyd ds laca/k eas bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;k bf.M;u iSuy dksM] 1860 ds v/;k; 16 ds v/khu n.Muh; vijk/k djus ds dkj.k nks’kh Bgjk;k x;k gks ( ;k ¼[k½ ,slk vijk/k djus ds dkj.k fopkj ds fy;s U;k;ky; dks Hkstk x;k gks ( ;k ¼x½ ,sls ckyd ds izfr “kkfUr cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s fdlh U;k;ky; }kjk mlls eqpydk fy;k x;k ¼ckmUM vksoj½ gks( rks og U;k;ky; ;k rks ml le; tc mDr O;fDr bl izdkj nks’kh Bgjk;k tk;s ;k fopkjkFkZ Hkstk tk;s ;k mlls eqpydk fy;k tk;s ;k fdlh vU; le; ij ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd og ckyd mDr izdkj ls nks’kh Bgjk;s x;s] fopkjkFkZ Hksts x;s ;k eqpydk nsus okys O;fDr ds vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k ls fudky fy;k tk;s vkSj ckyd ds fdlh laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh] ftlds uke dk funs”k U;k;ky; djsxk] ns[kHkky essa ¼;fn ,slk laca/kh ;k vU; O;fDr ,slh ns[kHkky djus ds fy;s m|r gks½ ml vof/k rd] tc rd og vBkjg o’kZ dk u gks tk;s ;k mlls de fdlh vof/k rd j[kk tk;s vkSj og U;k;ky; ;k leku vf/k{ks= dk dksbZ vU; U;k;ky; ;k rks Lor% ;k fdlh O;fDr ds izkFkZuk i= ij vkKk nsdj le;&le; ij mDr vkKk dk uohdj.k ¼fjU;woy½ dj ldrk gS ;k mldks ifjofrZr dj ldrk gS ;k mldk izfrlagj.k ¼fjoksd½ dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu ckyd dks mlds laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky essa j[kus dh vkKk nsus okyk U;k;ky; ,sls laca/kh ;k vU; O;fDr dks ckyd ds vPNs vkpj.k vkSj ,slh “krksZa ds ikyu ds fy;s] tks U;k;ky; ckyd ds thou dks lnkpkjh vkSj m|ksx”khy cukus ds fopkj ls yxk;s] mRrjnk;h gksus ds laca/k eas izfrHkw lfgr ;k izfrHkw jfgr ca/ki= ¼ckaM½ fu’ikfnr djus ds fy;s vkns”k ns ldrk gS vkSj blds vfrfjDr U;k;ky; ;g Hkh vkKk ns ldrk gS fd ckyd dks U;k;ky; }kjk crk;s x;s fdlh O;fDr ds i;Zos{k.k esa j[k fn;k tk;s A ¼3½ ;fn ckyd dk firk ;k ekrk ;k dksbZ fofo/k laj{kd gks rks bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk ugha nh tk;sxh rc rd fd&& ¼d½ mDr firk ;k ekrk ;k fof/kd laj{kd dks ml vijk/k ds laca/k eas nks’kh u Bgjk;k ;k fopkjkFkZ izsf’kr u fd;k x;k gks ;k ckyd ds izfr “kkfUr j[kus ds fy;s mlls ca/ki= ¼eqpydk½ fu’ikfnr u djk;k x;k gks rks mldk irk u pyrk gks( ;k 17 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 21À ¼[k½ U;k;ky; dks dkj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij ;g fo”okl u gks tk;s fd firk] ekrk ;k fof/kd laj{kd us vijk/k eas Hkkx fy;k gS] ;k og ml jgL; eas jgk gS ;k mlus fdlh dke dks djds ;k u djds vijk/k dks lqdj cuk fn;k gS ;k og ckyd dh ns[kHkky djus ds fy;s vU; izdkj ls vuqi;qDr gS % fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn U;k;ky; mi;qDr le>s vkSj firk] ekrk ;k fof/kd laj{kd fu;r izdkj ls U;k;ky; dks izfrHkw lfgr ;k izfrHkw jfgr nkf;Ro ysus dk opu ns rks U;k;ky; ,sls ckyd dks ,sls firk] ekrk ;k fof/kd laj{kd ds fujks/ku ¼dLVMh½ esa bl izfrcU/k ds lkFk jgus ns ldrk gS fd U;k;ky; }kjk crk;k gqvk dksbZ O;fDr ml ckyd dk iz;Zos{k.k djrk jgsxk A ¼4½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu nh gqbZ izR;sd vkKk fyf[kr :Ik eas gksxh vkSj ,slh dksbZ vkKk U;k;ky; }kjk ckyd dh vuqifaaLFkfr esa nh tk ldrh gSA ,slh vkKk ds vuqlkj ckyd dh ns[kHkky djus ds laca/k eas fdlh O;fDr dh lEefr bl jhfr ls yh tk;sxh] ftl U;k;ky; ml ck/; djus ds fy;s i;kZIr le>sA ¼5½ tc bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk nh tk;s vkSj ml O;fDr dks nks’kh Bgjk;s tkus ;k “kkfUr j[kus ds fy;s mls ck/; djus dh dksbZ vkKk jn~n gks tk;s ;k og O;fDr nks’keqDr dj fn;k tk;s rks mu ckrkas dks NksM+dj] tks mlds v/khu fof/k ds vuqlkj nh xbZ gks ,slh vkKk rqjUr O;FkZ gks tk;sxh A ¼6½ U;k;ky; ckyd dks fdlh laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas fn;s tkus dh vkKk fn;s tkus ds LFkku ij ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd ckyd dh fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;sa A 21&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu mi;qDr vf/kdkj&izkIr fdlh eSftLVªsV dks ml lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij] tks mlds lkeus “kiFkiwoZd ;k lR;fu’B izfrKku ds lkFk ,sls O;fDr }kjk tks esftLVªsV ds er eas ml ckyd ds fgr eas dk;Z dj jgk gks] j[kh x;h gks] ,slk izrhr gks fd ,slk lUnsg djus dk mfpr dkj.k gS fd && ml ckyd dh [kkst ds fy;s vf/ki= ¼okjaV½ ftlds lkFk nqO;Zogkj gqvk gks ¼d½ mlds vf/k{ks= ds Hkhrj fdlh LFkku ij fdlh ckyd ds lkFk bl izdkj ls tkucw> dj nqO;Zogkj fd;k x;k gS ;k fd;k tk jgk gS ;k mldh ns[kHkky ugha dh x;h gS ;k ugha dh tk jgh gS] ftlls ckyd dks vuko”;d d’V gksus dh laHkkouk gS ;k tks mlds LokLF; ds fy;s gkfudkjd gS( ;k ¼[k½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;k bf.M;u ihuy dksM] 1860 ds v/;k; 16 ds v/khu n.Muh; dksbZ vijk/k ckyd ds laca/k eas fd;k x;k gS ;k fd;k tk jgk gS( rks mDr eSftLVªsV igyh ckj ml O;fDr dk ;k mu O;fDr;kas ds uke] ftldh ;k ftudh ns[kHkky fujks/ku ;k fu;a=.k esa ,slk ckyd gks] mDr ckyd dks rqjUr U;k;ky; ds lkeus izLrqr djus ds fy;s lEeu tkjh dj ldrk gS ;k ,slk vf/ki= tkjh dj ldrk gS ftleas fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks] mldk uke funsZ”ku djds] ;g vf/kdkj fn;k tk; fd og mDr ckyd dh [kkst dj vkSj ;fn ,slk fofnr gks fd ml ckyd ds lkFk iwoksZDr <ax ij tkucw> dj nqO;Zogkj ;k mis{kk dh x;h gS ;k dh tk jgh gS ;k ;g fd ml ckyd ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ iwoksZDr vijk/k fd;k x;k gS ;k fd;k tk jgk gS rks mls fdlh lqjf{kr LFkku esa ys tk; vkSj tc rd og eSftLVªsV ds lkeus u yk;k tk lds rc rd mls ogka fu:) j[kas] ;k ftleas fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks ;g vf/kdkj fn;k tk;s fd og ckyd dh] mldh [kkst djds ;k fcuk [kkst ds] fdlh ,sls lqjf{kr LFkku ij ys tk;s vkSj tc rd og eSftLVªsV ds lkeus u yk;k tk ldas] rc rd mls ogka fu:) j[kas vkSj og eSftLVªsV ftlds lkeus og ckyd yk;k tk; ml ckyd dk fdlh laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa mlh izdkj j[k ldsxk ekuks og O;fDr ftlds vo/kku ;k fu;a=.k eas og ckyd Fkk] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu n.Muh; fdlh vijk/k ds fopkj ds laaca/k eas U;k;ky; dks Hkstk x;k gS % 18 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 22À fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd mDr ckyd ,slh ekrk ;k laj{kd ds fujks/ku ;k fu;a=.k eas gks] tks efgyk gksus ds dkj.k ns”k ds vkpkj vkSj lkekftd f”k’Vkpkj ds dkj.k ckgj fudyrh gks rks eftzLVªsV lk/kkj.kr% mlds uke lEeu tkjh djsxk vkSj O;fDr ds laca/k eas] ftlds uke ,slk lEeu tkjh fd;k x;k gks] ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus lEeu dk vuqikyu fd;k gS ;fn og Lo;a U;k;ky; eas mifLFkr u gksdj mDr ckyd dks U;k;ky; ds lkeus izLrqr djok nsaA ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu vf/ki= ¼okjUV½ tkjh djus okyk eSftLVªsV vius foosd ls mlh vf/ki= }kjk ;g Hkh funZs”k dj ldrk gS fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] tks ml ckyd ds laca/k eas fdlh vijk/k dk dfFkr nks’kh gks] fxj¶rkj fd;k tk;s vkSj mlds lkeus yk;k tk;s ;k ;g funZs”k dj ldrk gS fd ;fn ,slk O;fDr fufnZ’V le; ij vkSj mlds ckn tc rd mDr eSftLVªsV vU;Fkk funs”k u djsa] mDr eSftLVªsV ds lkeus mifLFkr gksus ds laca/k eas i;kZIr izfrHkwvkas lfgr ca/k i= fu’ikfnr djas rks og vf/kdkjh] ftlds ikl mDr vf/ki= Hkstk tk;s ,slh tekur xzg.k djsxk vkSj mDr O;fDr dks fujks/ku ls eqDr dj nsxk A ¼3½ mDr vf/ki= dks fu’ikfnr djus okys iqfyl vf/kdkjh ds lkFk ;g O;fDr Hkh ftleas lwpuk nh gks] ;fn og ,slk djuk pkgs rks jgsxk vkSj ;fn vf/ki= tkjh djus okyk eSftLVªsV ,slk funsZ”k djas rks mlds lkFk mi;qDr ;ksX;rk lEiUu fpfdRld Hkh tk ldrk gSA ¼4½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu dh x;h fdlh lwpuk esa ;k tkjh fd;s x;s vf/ki= esa lEc) ckyd dk uke] ;fn Kkr gks] rks fn;k tk;sxk A 22&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh ,slh n”kk eas ftleas fdlh O;fDr us /kkjk 21 ds micU/kkas ds v/khu lwpuk nh gks] eSftLVªsV dk ,slh tkap ds ckn ftls og vko”;d le>s] ;g er gks fd og lwpuk vlR; vkSj rqPN ;k m)sxdkjh ¼fQzcksyr vksj osDls”kl½ Fkh] rks eSftLVªsV dk;ksZa dk mYys[k djrs gq;s og funsZ”k dj ldrk gS fd ,slh lwpuk nsus okyk ml O;fDr dks ftlds fo:) lwpuk nh x;h Fkh] izfrdj dh ,slh /kujkf”k tks vo/kkfjr dh tk;s vkSj ikap lkS :i;s vf/kd u gks] nsxk A vlR; vkSj rqPN ;k m}sxdkjh lwpuk ds fy;s izfrdj ¼2½ izfrdj nsus dh vkKk nsus ds iwoZ eSftLVªsV lwpuk nsus okys ls bl ckr dk dkj.k iwNsxk fd mlls izfrdj D;kas u fy;k tk;s vkSj eSftLVªsV mDr dkj.k ij] tks mDr lwpuk nsus okys }kjk crk;k tk;s] fopkj djsxk A ¼3½ eSftLVªsV izfrdj nsus dh vkKk ds lkFk ;g Hkh vkKk ns ldrk gS fd] ;fn ,slk O;fDr] ftls izfrdj nsus dh vktknh nh xbZ gks] izfrdj u ns rks mldh iS arkfyl fnu dh vof/k dk dkjkokl n.M Hkksxuk iM+sxk A ¼4½ tc fdlh O;fDr dks mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu dkjkokl dk n.M fn;k tk;s rks ml ij bafM;u isfuy dksM 1860 dh /kkjk 68 vkSj 89 ds mica/k ;FkklaHko ykxw gksaxsA ¼5½ ,slk O;fDr] ftldks bl /kkjk ds v/khu izfrdj nsus dk funsZ”k fd;k x;k gks] mDr vkKk ds vk/kkj ij mDr lwpuk ds laca/k eas tks mlus nh gS] fdlh vkfFkZd ;k vkijkf/kd nkf;Ro ¼flfoy vkSj fdzfeuy yk;fofyVh½ ls eqDr ugha gks ldsxk] fdUrq bl fo’k; ds fdlh ckn eas gksus vFkZokn eas] ml /kujkf”k ij tks mlus izfrdj ds :Ik eas nh gks] fopkj fd;k tk;sxk A ¼6½ dksbZ lwpuk nssus okyk] ftldks ipkl :Ik;s ls vf/kd izfrdj nsus dh vkKk nh xbZ gks] ml vkKk ds fo:) vihy dj ldrk gS ekuks ,slh lwpuk nsus okyk izfrdj nsus dk funsZ”k djus okys eSftLVªsV }kjk fdlh vkijkf/kd fopkj ds vk/kkj ij nks’kh Bgjk;k x;k gksA 19 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 23&26À ¼7½ tc fdlh ,sls vfHk;ksx eas] ftlds fo:) mi/kkjk ¼6½ ds v/khu vihy gks ldrh gs] izfrdj nsus dh vkKk nh xbZ gks rks ;g izfrdj ml O;fDr dks ftls izfrdj nsus dh vkKk gqbZ gks ml vof/k ds] tks vihy izLrqr djus ds fy;s fuxr gks] chr tkus ds iwoZ ugha fn;k tk;sxk] ;fn dksbZ vihy izLrqr dh x;h gks rks mlds fu.kZ; ds iwoZ] vkSj tc mDr vkKk ,sls vfHk;ksx ds izlax eas nh xbZ gks] ftlds fo:) vihy u dh tk ldrh gks] rks izfrdj mDr vkKk ds fnukad ls ,d ekl iwoZ ugha fn;k tk;sxk A v/;k; 4 vo;Ld vijk/kh 23&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ ,slk O;fDr] tks vizR;{kr% lksyg o’kZ ls de voLFkk dks gks] fdlh ¼uku csfyoy½ vijk/k ds fy;s fxj¶rkj fd;k tk;s vksj rqjUr gh U;k;ky; ds lkeus u yk;k tk ldas rks ml ckr dk vo;Ld vf/kdkjh ¼vkfQlj bapktZ½ ftleas og O;fDr yk;k x;k gks fdlh Hkh n’kk eas mls NksM+ ldrk gS vkSj tc vijk/k n.Muh; ujgR;k ;k ,slk vijk/k u gks] ftlds fy;s izk.kn.M ;k fu/kkZfjr n.M fey ldrk gks rks mldks tekur ij vo”; gh eqDr dj nsxk ;fn i;kZIr izfrHkwfr ¼flD;ksfjVh½ fey jgh gks vkSj ,slk u gks fd ,sls dkj.kkas ls] tks ys[kc} gksxsa] vf/kdkjh dks fo”okl gksrk gks fd eqfDr ls ;g O;fDr fdlh dq[;kr vijk/kh ls feyk tk;sxk ;k uSfrd iru eas iM+us dk mls volj feysxk vFkok mldh eqfDr ls U;k; dk mnns”; gh u’V gks tk;sxk % ckydksa dks tekur fdUrq ;fn izR;{kr% lskyg ls de vk;q dh dksbZ ckfydk fxj¶rkj dh xbZ gks rks fdlh Fkkus ¼iqfy”k LVs”ku½ dk vo/kk;d vf/kdkjh] ftlus og fxj¶rkjh dh gks ;k ftlds mls rqjUr eqDr dj nsxk ;fn dksbZ O;fDr] tks ckfydk dk lEcU/kh gks ;k mlh /kkfeZd fopkjksa okyh dksbZ lfefr ;k laLFkk gks] ftu fopkjksa okyh og yM+dh gS] tks mldh lgefr esa Ik;kZIr vkSj mfpr izfrHkw gS vkSj mruh /kujkf”k dk cU/kukek fy[ksa] ftruh og vf/kdkjh ml ckfydk ds U;k;ky; esa izLrqr djus ds fy, ;k Fkkus esa cqyk;s tkus ij mlds LFkku esa Lo;a mifLFkr gksus ds fy, Ik;kZIr le>rk gSA ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds iz;kstukssa ds fy;s ^^laca/kh** “kCn dk vFkZ ekrk] firk] nknk] nknh] HkkbZ] cgusa] pkpk] pkph vkSj lxs ppsjs HkkbZ cgus gSaA 24&& tc dksbZ O;fDr] ftldh voLFkk izR;{k :Ik ls lksyg o’kZ ls de dh gks] fxj¶rkj gqvk gks rks vkSj /kkjk 23 ds v/khu ;k vU;Fkk eqDr u fd;k x;k gks] rks Fkkus dk vo/kk;d vf/kdkjh mldks fu;r jhfr ls ml le; rd fu:) j[kok;sxk rc rd og U;k;ky; ds lkeus u yk;k tk ldsa % mu ckydks dk fujks/ku tks tekur ij eqDr u fd;s x;s gks fdUrq fujks/k dh vof/k fdlh Hkh n”kk eas fdlh U;k;ky; dh fo”ks’k vkKk ds vHkko eas pkSchl ?kaVks ls vf/kd u gksxh] ftleas og le; lfEefyr u gksxk tks fxj¶rkjh ds LFkku ls U;k;ky; rd ys tkus ds fy;s vko”;d gks A 25&& dksbZ U;k;ky; fdlh ckyd dks] tks tekur ij eqDr ugha fd;k x;k gks] ykSVk Hkstus ¼fjekafMax½ ;k fopkjkFkZ Hkstu ¼dfefVax Qkj Vªk;y½ ij fu;r jhfr eas mls fu:) djus dh vkKk nsxk A ykSVk Hkstuk ;k fopkjkFkZ U;k;ky; esa mifLFkfr 26&& ¼1½ tc fdlh ckyd ij dksbZ vijk/k yxk;k x;k gks ;k fdlh izkFkZuk i= ij U;k;ky; esa og bl vkKk ds fy;s yk;k x;k gks fd mls fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;s] rks mlds ekrk firk ;k laj{kdks dks fdlh n”kk eas ;g vkns”k fn;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;fn mldk irk py tk;s vkSj og mfpr nwjh ds Hkhrj jgrk gks rks ;g vkns”k vo”; fn;k tk;sxk fd U;k;ky; ds lkeus ftleas og vfHk;ksx lquk tk jgk gS] dk;Zokfg;ksa ds leLr voLFkkvks eas mifLFkr gks tc rd U;k;ky; dks ;g lUrks’k u gks tk;s fd mldh mifLFkfr dk vkns”k vuqfpr gkssxk A ckyd ekrk firk dh U;k;ky; esa mifLFkfr 20 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 27&29À ¼2½ fdlh ckyd ds fxj¶rkj gksus ij ml Fkkus dk vo/kk;d vf/kdkjh ftleas og yk;k x;k gks ckyd ds ekrk firk ;k laj{kd dks ;fn mldk irk yxk;k tk ldsa] vkns”k nsxk fd og ml U;k;ky; eaas mifLFkr gks ftleas og ckyd yk;k tk;sxk A ¼3½ ckyd ds ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd] ftldh mifLFkfr bl /kkjk ds v/khu vko”;d gksxh] ckyd dk ,slk ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd gksxk] ftuds vo/kku eas ckyd gks ;k ftldk ckyd ij fu;a=.k gks % fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn ,slk laj{kd mldk firk u gks rks firk dh mifLFkfr Hkh vko”;d gksxhA ¼4½ ckyd ds firk ;k ekrk dh mifLFkfr bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh ,slh n”kk eas vko”;d u gksxh tc fdlh U;k;ky; dh vkKk ls dk;Zokgh ds izkjEHk gksus ls igys gh ckyd ekrk ;k firk ds fujks/ku ;k vo/kku ls gVk fy;k x;k gks A ¼5½ bl /kkjk essa dksbZ ,slh ckr u le>h tk;sxh] ftlls fdlh ckyd dh ekrk ;k efgyk lajf{kdk dh mifLFkfr vko”;d gks] ;fn ,slh ekrk ;k efgyk lajf{kdk izFkk ds vuqlkj lkoZtfud LFkku eas u fudyrh gksa] fdUrq dksbZ ,slh ekrk ;k efgyk lajf{kdk fdlh vfHkoDrk ;k vfHkdrkZ ¼IyhMj vkj ,tsUV½ ds }kjk U;k;ky; esa mifLFkfr gks ldrh gSA 27&& fdlh fof/k eas fdlh foifjr ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh dksbZ U;k;ky; fdlh ckyd dks izk.kn.M ;k fuokZlu ¼VªkUliksVZs”ku½ ;k fdlh vof/k ds fy;s dkjkokl ;k n.M dk tqekZuk u nsus ij dkjkokl dk n.M u nsxk % n.M] tks fdlh ckyd dks ugha fn;k tk ldrk fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn ckyd ckjg o’kZ ;k mlls vf/kd voLFkk dk gks rks ml n”kk esa dkjkxkl eas Hkstk tk ldrk gSA tc U;k;ky; ;g izekf.kr djs fd mDr ckyd bruk mn~n.M ;k nqoZ̀Ùk gS fd og vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkstus ds fy;s vuqi;qDr gS vkSj ;g fd fof/kd izfdz;k dh vU; <axkas esa ls dksbZ Hkh mlds fy;s mi;qDr ugah gS A 28&& fdzfeuy izkslhtj dksM 1898 esa fdlh foifjr ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh fdlh ckyd ds fo:) mDr dksM ds v/;k; 8 ds v/khu dksbZ dk;Zokgh dh tk;sxh vkSj mlds v/khu dksbZ vkKk ikfjr dh tk;sxh A fdzfeuy izkslhtj dksM ds v/;k; 8 ds v/khu ckyd ds fo:) fdlh dk;Zokgh dk vHkko 29&& ¼1½ ;fn og fu.kZ; gks tk;s fd fdlh ckyd us ,slk vuqjks/k fd;k gS] ftldk n.M fuokZlu ;k dkjkokl gS rks] ;fn U;k;ky; dks tkap djus ij lUrks’k gks tk;s fd ,slk djuk mRiUu ¼,DlihfM;sUV½ gS] rks og ml ckyd dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas ml vof/k rd j[kus dh vkKk ns ldrk gS] tks ml le; ls vf/kd u gksxh tcfd ckyd 18 o’kZ dk gks tk; vFkok mDr vof/k ls ,slk de vof/k rd ftlds laca/k eas dkj.k ys[kkc} gkssxas A fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa ckyd dk Hkstk tkuk A ¼2½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds vkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ fdlh vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fuokZlu ;k dkjkokl dk n.M feyk gks rks jkT; ljdkj funs”k dj ldrh gS fd ,sls n.M dks Hkksxus ;k iw.kZ djus ds LFkku ij mls] ;fn og lksyg o’kZ ls de voLFkk dk gks] fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;s vkSj rc og vijk/kh bl vf/kfu;e ds leLr micU/kkas ds v/khu bl izdkj gksxk ekuks mDr Ldwy eas mlds fujks/k dh vkKk izkjEHk ls nh xbZ FkhA 21 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 30&32À 30&& ¼1½ dksbZ U;k;ky; ;fn mi;qDr le>s rks fdlh vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa fu:) djus ds LFkku ij ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd og&& vo;Ld vijk/kh dks NksM+us ;k mi;qDr fujks/k eas Hkstus dh “kfDr ¼d½ mfpr mn~cks/ku ¼,Mekfu”ku½ ds i'pkr~ eqDr dj fn;k tk;s( ;k ¼[k½ og lnkpj.k ds ijh{k.kdky ¼izkscs”ku½ ds fy;s NksM+ fn;k tk;s vkSj ekrk firk ;k laj{kd ;k vU; o;Ld laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas mDr ekrk firk lajked ;k laca/kh;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr }kjk izfrHkwfr ds lkFk ;k fcuk mlds ,slk ca/kukek fd;s tkus ij] ftlds fo’k; esa U;k;ky; vkns”k ns vkSj ftlds }kjk ,slh vof/k ds fy;s tks rhu o’kZ ls vf/kd u gksxh] vo;Ld vijk/kh dks lnkpj.k ds fy;s vkSj ,slh vU; “krksZ ds vuqikyu ds fy;s ftzUgsa U;k;ky; bl ckr ds fu”p; ds fufeRr yxk;s fd vo;Ld vijk/kh lPpk vkSj vkS|kfxd thou O;rhr djsxk] mDr ekrk firk vkfn ds mRrjnkf;Ro ysa] j[k fn;k tk;sa A U;k;ky; ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd bl n.M ds v/khu eqDr fd;k x;k vo;Ld vijk/kh fdlh lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds ;k fdlh ,sls vU; O;fDr ds i;Zos{k.k esa j[k fn;k tk;s] ftls bl iz;kstu ds fy;s U;k;ky; fu;qDr djsaA ¼2½ ;fn U;k;ky; dks lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ls vk[;k ¼fjiksVZ½ izkIr gksus ij ;k vU;Fkk ,slk izrhr gks fd vijk/kh ijh{k.kdky esa lnkpkjh ugha jgk rks og] ,slh tkap djus ds ckn ftls og mfpr le>ss ;g vkKk ns ldkr gS fd vijk/kh fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;s A 31&& ¼1½ tc ;g fu.kZ; gks tk;s fd ckyd us ,slk vijk/k fd;k gS] ftlds fy;s vFkZ&n.M fn;k tk ldrk gS vkSj U;k;ky; dh ;g jk; gks fd bl izlax eas fdlh vU; n.M ds lkFk ;k fcuk mlds vFkZn.M mi;qDr gksxk] tc rd fd U;k;ky; dks ;g lUrks’k u gks tk;s fd ekrk firk ;k laj{kd dk irk ugha yx ldrk vFkok ckyd dh mfpr ns[kHkky esa vlko/kkuh ds dkj.k ;g vijk/k eas lgk;d ugha gqvk gS] U;k;ky; fdlh Hkh n”kk eas ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd ;fn vijk/kh ckjg o’kZ ls de vk;q dk ckyd gks rks ;g vkKk vo”; nsxk fd ckyd dk firk ;k ekrk ;k laj{kd vFkZn.M nsa A Ckydksa ds ekrk firk dks tqekZuk pqdkus dh vkKk nsus dh “kfDr A ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd ds fo:) nh tk ldrh gS] tks vkns”k nsus ij Hkh mifLFkr u gqvk gks] fdUrq iwoksZDr fLFkfr dks NksM+dj mDr vkKk ekrk firk ;k laj{kd dks mldh ckr lquh tkus dk volj fn;s fcuk ugha nh tk;sxh A ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu tc fdlh ekrk firk ;k laj{kd dks dksbZ tqekZuk pqdkus dk funsZ”k fn;k x;k gks rks og /kujkf”k fdzfeuy izkslhtj dksM] 1898 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj olwy dh tk ldrh gS A 1898 bZ0 dk ,sDV la0 5 ¼4½ dksbZ ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd mDr vkKk ds fo:) vihy dj ldrk gS] ekuks mDr vkKk Lo;a mlds fo:) fdlh dk;Zokgh essa nh xbZ gksA 32&& ¼1½ tc ;g fuf.kZr gks tk; fd fdlh ckyd us ,sls xEHkhj izdkj dk vijk/k fd;k gS fd U;k;ky; dh jk; eas dksbZ n.M] ftls og bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu nsus ds fy;s vf/kdr̀ gS] i;kZIr u gksxk] rks U;k;ky; ;g vkKk nsxk fd vijk/kh Hkh ,sls LFkku eas ;k ,slh jhfr ls] ftls og mi;qDr le>s] lqjf{kr fujks/ku esa j[kk tk;s vkSj bl izlax dks jkT; ljdkj dh vkKk ds fy;s lwfpr djsxk A ckydks }kjk fd;s x;s dqN vijk/kkas dh n”kk esa fujks/k ¼2½ /kkjk 13 ds mica/kkas ds gksrs gq;s Hkh jkT; ljdkj vkKk ns ldrh gS fd ,slk ckyd ,sls LFkku eas vkSj ,slh “krksZ ds v/khu ftls og mi;qDr le>sa] fu:) fd;k tk;sxk vkSj bl izdkj fu:) ckyd ds fo’k; eas ;g le>k tk;sxk fd og oS/k vojks/ku esa gS % 22 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 33&34À fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl izdkj vkKfIr fujks/k dh vof/k ml dkjkokl dh vf/kdre vof/k ls vf/kd u gksxh] tks dkjkokl ml ckyd dks mijk/k djus ds fy;s feyk gksrk A 33&& tc fdlh ckyd ij vkjksfir vijk/k dk dksbZ U;k;ky; fopkj dj jgk gks vkSj U;k;ky; dks lUrks’k gks tk;s fd mlus mijk/k fd;k gS fd U;k;ky; vkKk nsus ds iwoZ ml jhfr ij fopkj djsxk] ftlds vuqlkj bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k fdlh vU; ,sls vf/kfu;e ds v/khu] tks mDr vfHk;ksx esa U;k;ky; dks dk;Z djus ds fy;s leFkZ djas] vfHk;ksx esa dk;Z fd;k tk;s vFkkZr bl ckrksa ij fd && vkjksi yxk;s x;s ckydksa ds laca/k eas fopkj djus ds <ax ¼d½ mfpr mn~cks/ku ds mijkUr vijk/kh dks eqDr dj fn;k tk;s ;k ¼[k½ vijk/kh ekrk] firk] laj{kd] vU; o;Ld laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr }kjk] vijk/kh ds lnkpkj ds fy;s mRrjnkf;Ro dk ca/kukek fy[kus ij vijk/kh dks mldh ns[kjs[k esa fn;k tk;sa( ;k ¼x½ bl izdkj vijk/kh dks eqDr dj fn;k tk;s vkSj mls U;k;ky; }kjk ukekafdr O;fDr ds i;Zos{k.k eas j[k fn;k tk;s ( ;k ¼?k½ vijk/kh dks fdlh ,sls mi;qDr O;fDr ds laj{k.k esa j[k fn;k tk;s pkgs og mldk laca/kh gks ;k u gks tks vijk/kh dh ns[kHkky dk Hkkj ysus ds fy;s rS;kj gks( ;k ¼³½ vijk/kh dks lnkpj.k ds ijh{k.kdky dh “krZ ij NksM+ fn;k tk;s ;k ¼p½ vijk/kh dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas Hkst fn;k tk;s( ;k ¼N½ vijk/kh dks tqekZuk nsus dh vkKk nh tk;sa( ;k ¼t½ vijk/kh ds ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd dks tqekZuk nsus dh vkKk nh tk;( ;k ¼>½ vfHk;ksx esa fdlh ,slh vU; jhfr ls dk;Z fd;k tk;s] ftlls mlesa fof/kr% dk;Z gks lds( ;k ¼´½ tc vijk/kh ckyd ckjg o’kZ ;k mlls vf/kd voLFkk dk gks rks mls dkjkokl dk n.M fn;k tk;s % fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl /kkjk esa nh gqbZ fdlh ckr ls ;g ugha le>k tk;sxk fd U;k;ky; dks fdlh Hkh vfHk;ksx ds laca/k eas ,slh jhfr ls dk;Z djus dk vf/kdkj gS] ftlds vuqlkj og bl /kkjk ds vHkko esa ugha dj ldrk Fkk A v/;k; 5 lq/kkj vf/kdkjh vkSj vU; O;fDr] ftudks vkSj ckydksa vo;Ld vijkf/k;kas ds i;Zos{k.k dk dk;Z lksSaik x;k gS 34&& dksbZ lq/kkj vf/kdkjh&& Lkq/kkj vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr ¼d½ og O;fDr gksxk] ftldh fu;qfDr jkT; ljdkj us lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds :Ik esa dh gks] ;k ¼[k½ bl iz;kstu ds fy;s fdlh ,slh laLFkk }kjk] ftls jkT; ljdkj us bl laca/k esa ekU;rk nh gks] fn;k x;k dksbZ O;fDr gksxk] ;k ¼x½ fdlh ekeys esa] tgka ,slk vko”;d gks] dksbZ vU; O;fDr gksxk] ftls jkT; ljdkj dh lk/kkj.k ;k fo”ks’k vkKkvksa dk /;ku j[krs gq;s U;k;ky; le;&le; ij fu;qDr djsa A 23 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 35&38À 35&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fufeZr fu;eksa rFkk U;k;ky; ds funsZ”kkas ds v/khu lq/kkj vf/kdkjh&& lq/kkj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds drZO; ¼d½ ,sls mfpr fojkeksa ¼bUVjoYl½ ij] tks U;k;ky; }kjk nh xbZ vkKk esa fufnZ’V fd;s x;s gks ;k mlds v/khu tSlk fd lq/kkj vf/kdkjh mfpr le>s] ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ns[kus tk;sxk ;k mls vius ikl cqyk;sxk ( ¼[k½ bl ckr dk /;ku j[ksxk fd ;FkkfLFkfr ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dk laca/kh ;k vU; O;fDr] ftldh ns[kHkky esa ,slk ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh j[kk x;k gks] ca/kukesa dh “krksZ dk ikyu djrk gS ( ¼x½ ;FkkfLFkfr ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds vkpj.k ds laca/k eaas U;k;ky; dks vk[;k ¼fjiksVZ½ Hkstsxk ( ¼?k½ ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ijke”kZ nsxk] mldh lgk;rk djsxk rFkk mlls fe=rkiwoZd O;ogkj djsxk vkSj tgka tc vko”;d gks] mldh f”k{kk dk izcU/k djus ;k mldks mfpr dke esa yxkus dk iz;Ru djsxk( vkSj ¼³½ fdlh vU; drZO; dk] tks fu;r fd;k tk; ;k ftlds laaca/k esa U;k;ky; vkKk nsa] ikyu djsxk A 36&& fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds] ftlds i;Zos{k.k esa bl vf/kfu;e ds Hkkx 2 rFkk 3 ds mica/kksa ds v/khu fdlh U;k;ky; dh vkKk ds vuqlkj dksbZ ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh j[kk x;k gks] bl laaca/k eas fufeZr fu;ekas v/khu jgrs gq;s] tgka rd laHko gks] ogh drZO; gksxsa] tks fd blls iwoZorhZ /kkjk ds vUrxZr fdlh lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds gS A vU; O;fDr;ksa ds drZO; 37&& tc bl vf/kfu;e ds v/;k; 2 vkSj 3 ds mica/kkas ds v/khu fdlh U;k;ky; ds vkns”k esa ukekafdr lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ;k vU; O;fDr] ftlus fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks i;Zos{k.k esa j[kk gks] ej tk;s ;k fdlh dkj.k ls og vius drZO;ksa dk ikyu eas vleFkZ gks ;k tc ;g vko”;d izrhr gks fd ml vf/kdkjh ;k O;fDr ds LFkku ij vU; O;fDr fu;qDr fd;k tk;s] U;k;ky; mlds LFkku ij dk;Z djus ds fy;s vU; lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ;k O;fDr fu;qDr dj ldrk gS A Lkq/kkj vf/kdkjh ;k vaU; O;fDr dh eR̀;q vFkok vleFkZrk v/;k; 6 vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa dks Hksts x;s ;k leqfpr vojks/ku esa j[ks O;fDr;kas dk Hkj.k&iks’k.k vkSj mldh fpfdRlk 38&& ¼1½ tks U;k;ky; fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas fujks/k ds fy;s ;k fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fdlh laca/kh ;k vU; mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa j[kus ds fy;s vkKk nsrk gS] og ekrk] firk ;k ,sls vU; O;fDr dh] tks ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds Hkj.k&iks’k.k ds fy;s mRrjnk;h gks] ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd mlds Hkj.k&iks’k.k ds fy;s] ;fn og ,slk djus essa leFkZ gks] rks fu;r :Ik ls va”knku ¼dVªhC;w”ku½ nsa A ekrk&firk dh lgk;rk ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk nsus ds iwoZ] U;k;ky; ekrk] firk ;k vU; O;fDr dh] tks ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds Hkj.k iks’k.k ds fy;s mRrjnk;h gks] ifjfaLFkfr;ksa dh tkap djsxk vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr ekrk firk ;k ,sls vU; O;fDr dh mifLFkfr eas ;k tc mldh O;fDrxr mifLFkfr vfuok;Z u gks rks mlds vf/koDrk ¼odhy½ dh mifLFkfr esa] lk{; dk] ;fn dksbZ gks] vfHkys[k djsxk A 24 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 39&40À ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu nh xbZ fdlh vkKk eas U;k;ky; }kjk le;&le; ij ifjorZu fd;s tk ldsxsa A ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ iz;kstuksa ds fy;s fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds Hkj.k iks’k.k ds fy;s mRrjnk;h O;fDr;ksa ds vUrxZr dksbZ ,slk O;fDr Hkh gksxk] ftlds ikl mi;qZDr vkKj nsus ds le;] ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dh ekrk j[ksyh ds :Ik eas jg jgh gks] pkgs og mldk dfFkr ¼I;qVsfVo½ firk gks ;k u gks vkSj voS/k ¼bYysftfVesV½ ckyd dh n’kk esa mldk dfFkr firk gks( fdUrq tc ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh voS/k gks vksSj dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 dh /kkjk 488 ds v/khu mlds Hkj.k iks’k.k ds fy;s dksbZ vkKk nh xbZ gks] rks U;k;ky; lk/kkj.kr;k dfFkr firk ds fo:) va”knku dk vkns”k ugha nsxk] fdUrq ;g vkns”k ns ldsxk fd Hkj.k iks’k.k dh mDr vkKk ds v/khu ns; dqN /ku ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkx ,sls O;fDr ;k O;fDr;kas dks ns; gksrk jgs] ftldks U;k;ky; ukekafdr djsa vksSj mls ;FkkfLFkfr og ;k os ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds Hkj.k iks’k.k esa O;; djsaA 1898 bZ0 dk ,DV la[;k 5 ¼5½ tc fdlh ekrk] firk ;k vU; O;fDr dks bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh ds Hkj.k iks’k.k ds fy;s va”knku dk vkns”k gqvk gks rks og U;k;ky; dks] ftlus vkKk nh gks] irs esa fdlh Hkh ifjorZu dh lwpuk nsxk vkSj ;fn mfpr dkj.k ds fcuk og ,slk djsa] rks mldks tqekZuk dk n.M fn;k tk ldsxk] tks iphl :Ik;s rd gks ldsxkA 1898bZ0 dk ,sDV la[;k 5 ¼6½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ ,slh vkKk mlh jhfr ls fu’ikfnr dh tk ldsxh] ftl jhfr ls dk dksM vkQ fØfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 dh /kkjk 488 ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk fu’ikfnr gksrh gsS A ¼7½ dksbZ ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh] tks ;k rks ikfjJfed ikrk gks ;k ftlds ikl vk; okyh lEifRr gks] viuh vk; dk ,slk vuqikr] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk fuf”pr fd;k tk;s] vius Hkj.k&iks’k.k ds fy;s nsxk A 39&& tc N% o’kZ ls de voLFkk dk dksbZ ckyd vuqeksfnr Ldwy es Hkstk tk;] rks ml Ldwy dk izcU/kd eq[; fujh{kd dh lEefr ls ckyd dks /kkjk 74 ds vuqlkj fu;qDr fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds ikl ml le; rd j[k ldrh gS] tc rd fd ckyd nl o’kZ dk u gks tk;s] vkSj rnqijkUr eq[; laj{kd dh lEefr ls ,slh vof/k ds fy;s] tks izca/kd ckyd ds fgr eas Bhd le>s] fdUrq bl chp esa i;Zos{k.k dks] okil cqykus dh vkSj vU; izdkj dh] tks “kfDr;ka fu;r dh tk;s] izca/kd mu lcdk iz;ksx djrk jgsxk] vkSj tc dksbZ ckyd bl izdkj ckgj j[kk tk;s] rks vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s mldks Ldwy esa fu:) fd;k gqvk le>k tk;sxk vkSj ,sls visf{kr vuqdwyuksa ¼,sMsIVs”kUl½ ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] tks jkT; ljdkj cuk;s] bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/k rnuqlkj ykxw gksxsa % ckydksa dk fuokl fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl /kkjk esa nh gqbZ fdlh ckr ls ;g ugha le>k tk;sxk fd fdlh U;k;ky; dks ;g vf/kdkj gS fd og /kkjk 69 ds mica/kksa ds izfrdwy N% o’kZ ls de voLFkk ds fdlh ckyd dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst lds A 40&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa fu:) gks] rks ml Ldwy dk izca/kd] eq[; fujh{kd dh lgefr ysdj] fdlh Hkh le; ml ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks bl fo’k; esa fu;r “krkasZ ds v/khu vuqKfIr&i= }kjk fdlh ,sls mi;qDr O;fDr ds lkFk jgus dh vkKk ns ldrk gS] ftldk uke vuqKfIr&i= esa fn;k x;k gks vkSj tks mls f”kf{kr djus vFkok fdlh mi;ksxh O;kikj vFkok m|e dh fn”kk nsus ds fy;s] mldks ysus vkSj vius vo/kku eas j[kus ds fy;s rS;kj gks A vuqKfIr ij ckgj Hkstuk 25 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 41À ¼2½ vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fu:) gksus ds vkjEHk ls N% ekg ds ckn fdlh le; vuqeksfnr Ldwy ds izca/kd dh flQkfj”k ij eq[; fujh{kd] ;fn mls lUrks’k gks tk;s fd og mfpr fopkj ls izR;kf’kr gS fd vo;Ld vijk/kh vc vijk/k ugha djsxk vkSj mi;ksxh rFkk m|eh thou O;rhr djsxk] ,sls vijk/kh dks fu;r “krksZa ds v/khu Ldwy esa NksM+ ldrk gS vkSj ,d fu;r QkeZ eas vuqKfIr&i= }kjk fdlh ,sls mi;qDr O;fDr ds fujh{k.k vkSj vf/kdkj eas] ftls eq[; fujh{kd vuqeksfnr djsa vkSj tks ml vijk/kh dks vius vo/kku eas j[kus dks rS;kj gks] jgus dh vkKk ns ldrk gSA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½ ds v/khu nh x;h vuqKfIr rc rd lizHkko jgsxh] tc rd fd mu “krkasZ esa ls fdlh ds Hkax gksus ds dkj.k ftu ij og nh xbZ Fkh] og fuofrZr vFkok tCr u gks tk;sA ¼4½ Ldwy dk izca/kd vFkok fujh{kd] ;FkkfLFkfr] fdlh Hkh le; fyf[kr vkKk }kjk ,slh fdlh Hkh vuqKfIr dks fuofrZr dj ldrk gS vkSj ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dsk Ldwy eas ykSV tkus dh vkKk ns ldrk gS vkSj ,slk og ml O;fDr vFkok laLFkk dh bPNk ls vo’; djsxk] ftlds lkFk ftlds i;Zos{k.k eas ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh vuqKfIr }kjk j[kk x;k gSA ;fn ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh Ldwy esa ykSV tkus ls izfr’ks/k ¼fj¶;wt½ djrk gS vFkok ugha ykSVrk gS rks Ldwy dk izca/kd vFkok eq[; fujh{kd] ;FkkfLFkfr] ;fn vko”;d le>s rks ml ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fxj¶rkj dj ldrk gS vFkok djok ldrk gS vkSj Ldwy esa okil ys tk ldrk gS vFkok okil fHktok ldrk gS A ¼5½ tc vuqKfIr fuofrZr vFkok tCr gks x;h gks vkSj ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh Ldwy okil tkus esa izfr’ks/k djrk gS vFkok okil ugha tkrk gS rks U;k;ky; “kiFk vFkok lR;fu”Bk ls izfrKkiu ij izkIr lwpuk ls larq’V gks vkSj le>rk gks fd og fo”okl dj ysus ds fy;s mi;qDr vk/kkj gS rks ekrk firk ;k laj{kd ml ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks mifLFkr dj ldrk gS rks og ,d vkgzku i= ¼lEeu½ tkjh dj ldrk gS] ftlls ekrk firk ;k laj{kd dsk fufnZ’V fnu ij U;k;ky; esa mifLFkr gksus ds fy;s ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks mifLFkr djus ds fy;s vkns”k gks vkSj ;fn ekrk] firk ;k laj{kd fcuk fdlh mi;qDr dkj.k ds vkns”k ds vuqlkj ,slk ugh djrk gS] rks bl vf/kfu;e ds vU; mica/kksa ds v/khu] tks mldk nkf;Ro gks mlds vfrfjDr mls ,d lkS :Ik;s ds tqekZus ls nf.Mr fd;k tk;sxk A ¼6½ tc ekrk] firk vFkok laj{kd dks tqekZuk nsus dk vkns”k bl /kkjk ds v/khu fn;k x;k gks rks tqekZus dh /kujkf”k dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj olwy dh tk ldrh gS A 1898 bZ0 dk ,sDV la[;k 5 ¼7½ og le; tc fd bl /kkjk ds v/khu nh xbZ vuqKfIr ds v/khu] ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls vuqifLFkr jgrk gS] mlds ml Ldwy esa fu:) jgus ds le; dk ,d Hkkx gh le>k tk;sxk] fdUrq tc ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh vuqKfIr dss fuofrZr vFkok tCr gks tkus ij Ldwy okil u vk;k gks rks bl izdkj okil u vkus ds ds ckn O;rhr gqvk le; ml le; dh x.kuk eas] ftleas fd mls Ldwy esa fu:) jguk gS] lfEefyr ugha fd;k tk;sxk A 41&& tks dksbZ Hkh&& ¼d½ vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas fu:) vFkok vuqKfIr ij Ldwy ls ckgj j[ks x;s ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks Ldwy ls] vFkok ,sls O;fDr ds ikl ls] ftlds lkFk og vuqKfIr ij j[kk x;k gS] vFkok ,sls O;fDr dh ns[kHkky ls ftldh ns[kHkky eas og bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu fn;k x;k gS] Hkkx fudyus ds fy;s tkucw> dj izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :Ik ls lgk;rk djrk gS( vFkok ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dk Hkkx fudyu esa nq:Rlkgu djus dk n.M 26 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 42&44À ¼[k½ tkucw> dj fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks] tks bl rjg Hkkx fudyk gks] vkJ; nsrk gS] fNikrk gS] vuqer djrk gS vFkok Ldwy dks ;k ml O;fDr ds ikl tkus ls] ftlds ikl vuqKfIr ij og j[kk x;k Fkk vFkok ftldh ns[kHkky esa bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu og j[kk x;k Fkk] jksdrk gS vFkok ,slk djus esa tkucw> dj lgk;rk nsrk gS ;k vuqer djrk gS] rks mls nksuksa esa ls fdlh rjg ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks ekl rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks nks lkS :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk ;k nksuksa n.M fn;s tk ldsxaas A 42&& ¼1½ le; fo”ks’k ij izpfyr fdlh fof/k esa blds izfrdwy dksbZ ckr gksus ij Hkh dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh fdlh ,sls ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh] tks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls ;k fdlh mi;qDr O;fDr ds ikl ls ftlds i;Zos{k.k eas jgus ds fy;s mls funsZ”k fd;k x;k FkkA vojks/k ls Hkkx fudyk gks] fcuk ckjaV ds gh vius vo/kku ¼pktZ½ esa ys ysxk vkSj og ml ckyd ds laca/k eas dksbZ dk;Zokgh fuc} fd;s fcuk gh mldks fQj ls vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas ;k mi;qDr O;fDr ds vojks/k esa okil Hkst nsxk vkSj ml ckyd ds laca/k esa ;g ugha le>k tk;sxk fd mlus bl izdkj Hkkx dj fdlh fof/k dk mYya?ku fd;k gS] fdUrq ml Ldwy ds vf/kdkjh ;k lEc) mi;qDr O;fDr mlds lkFk ml <ax dk O;ogkj djsxsa] ftls os mfpr le>s] fdUrq ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k ,sls O;fDr] ftlds lkFk gh ml U;k;ky; dks Hkh bl laca/k eas lwfpr djsxsa] ftlus mDr ckyd dks muds ;k mlds ikl igys&igy Hkstk FkkA Hkkx fudys gq;s ckyd ds laca/k esa iqfyl dk dke ¼2½ tc fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr ds vojks/k ls Hkkxdj fudyk gqvk ckyd fdlh fHkUu LFkku eas vo/kku ¼pktZ½ esa ys fy;k x;k gks rks og ml le; rd fdlh lqjf{kr LFkku esa j[kk tk;sxk] tc rd fd og ogka ls gVkdj vuqeksfnr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr ds vojks/k ¼dLVMh½ esa Hkst u fn;k tk;s A 43&& eq[; fujh+{kd] fdlh Hkh le;] mu dkj.kkaas ls] ftUgass og fyfic) djsxk] fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ,d vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls nwljs eas LFkkukUrfjr djus dk vkns”k ns ldrk gS % ,d vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls nqljs eas Hkstuk fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ml ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fujks/k dk dqy le; ,sls LFkkukUrj.k ls c<+k;k ugha tk;sxk A 44&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] fdlh Hkh le; ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ml O;fDr dh ns[kHkky ls] ftlds ikl og bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu j[kk x;k gks] iw.kZr;k vFkok jkT; ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr izfrca/kksa ij eqDr dj ldrh gSA eqDr djuk vFkok LFkkukUrj.k ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj fdlh Hkh le; ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls iw.kZr;k vFkok jkT; ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr izfrca/kka s ij eqDr djus dh vkKk ns ldrh gSA ¼3½ jkT; ljdkj vuq”kklu ds fgr eas vFkok fdUgha fo”ks’k dkj.kksa ls fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa fu:) iUnzg o’kZ ls vf/kd voLFkk ds vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ;wukbVsM izkfoZlst cksLVZy ,sDV] 1938 ds v/khu LFkkfir cksLVZy laLFkk eas tsy nsus dh vkKk ns ldrh gS % fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ,sls vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fujks/k dk dqy le; ,sls LFkkukUrj.k ls c<+k;k tk ldrk gS a ¼4½ blls Bhd igys dh mi/kkjk ds v/khu vo;Ld vijk/kh dk cksLVZy laLFkk LFkkukUrj.k gksus ij ;wukbVsM izkfoZlst cksLVZy ,sDV] 1938 ds micU/k ml vijk/kh ij mlh izdkj ykxw gksaxs] ekuksa mls vkjEHk ls gh mDr vf/kfu;e ds v/khu LFkkfir cksLVZy laLFkk eas fu:) jgus ds fy;s vkKk nh x;h Fkh A 27 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 45&47À 45&& og vof/k] ftlds fy;s ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa fu:) fd;k tk;s] ml vkKk esa fufnZ’V gksxk] ftlds }kjk mls ogka Hkstk tk;sxk vkSj og vof/k] ;fn vo;Ld vojk/kh vkKk nsrs le; iUnzg o’kZ ls vf/kd voLFkk dk gS rks nks o’kZZ ls vkSj vU; vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ds laca/k essa rhu o’kZ ls] tSlk fd U;k;ky; mldh f”k{kk rFkk izf’k{k.k ¼Vªsfuax½ ds fy;s mi;qDr le>s] de u gksxh] ijUrq ml le; ls vf/kd fdlh n’kk eas u gksxh] tc fd U;k;ky; ds er eas og vBkjg o’kZ dh voLFkk dk gks tk;sxk A fujks/k dh voLFkk 46&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ds izca/kd ls ijke”kZ djds ml Ldwy esa fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks LFkkukUrfjr djds Hkstus dh viuh Lohdf̀r ns ldrh gS] ftldh voLFkk vBkjg ls de gks vkSj ftlds laca/k esa Hkkjr ds fdlh vU; Hkkx eas fdlh leFkZ izkf/kdkjh }kjk bl vf/kfu;e dh vFkok fjQkesaVjh Ldwy ,sDV] 1897 dh vkKk ds leku vkKk ml O;fDr dks fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy vFkok fjQkesaVjh Ldwy vFkok blh rjg ds fdlh vU; Ldwy eas Hkstus ds fy;s gqbZ gks A vuqeksfnr Ldwykaas vkSj mlh rjg ls Hkkjr ds fofHkUu Hkkxks ds Ldwyksa ds e/; LFkkukUrj.k ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ls fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks Hkkjr ds fdlh ,sls vU; Hkkx esa blh rjg ds Ldwy esa LFkkukUrfjr djds Hkstus vkKk ns ldrh gS] ftlds fo’k; esa ml Hkkx dh ljdkj }kjk fdlh lizHkko fof/k ds v/khu feyrh tqyrh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gks % fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dk LFkkukUrj.k fdlh vU; jkT; dks fcuk ml jkT; dh Lohdf̀r fy;s u gksxk A 47&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj dks bl ckr dk irk yxus ij fdlh U;k;ky; dh vkKk ds v/khu fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas jgus okyk ckyd dks<+h gS ;k fdlh ,sls jksx ls ihfM+r gS] ftls jkT; ljdkj us fu;r jhfr ls vNwr dk jksx ¼dUVsft;l½ iz[;kfir fd;k gks] rks bls vkxs Nwr dk jksx dgk x;k gS] jkT; ljdkj dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd ml ckyd ds dks<h gksus ;k fdlh Nwr ds jksx ls ihfM+r gksus ds izek.kk/kkjksa dk mYys[k djrs gq;s mlds fdlh dq’B fuokj.k x̀g ;k vU; lqjf{kr LFkku ij gVk;s tkus vkSj ogka ml vof/k ds] ftlds fy;s mls mDr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr ds ns[kHkky eas j[ks tkus dh vkKk gqbZ Fkh] vof”k’V ;k Hkkx rd ;k ;fn ml vof/k ds lekIr gksus ij dksbZ fpfdRlkf/kdkjh ;g izekf.kr djsaA mDr ckyd ;k vU; yksxksa dh lqj{kk dh nf̀’V ls mldk pSfdRldh; ns[kjs[k ¼esfMdy ds;j½ ;k fpfdRlk esa jguk vko”;d gS] rks tc rd og fof/kr% mRl̀’V ¼fMLpktZ½ u gks tk;s] fufnZ’V jhfr ls mls fpfdRlk ds fy;s j[ks tkus dh vkKk ns ns A vLoLFk ckyd ;k dks<+ ds ;k vU; dzkWlfxad jksxksa ls ihfM+r ckydksa dk LFkkukUrj.k ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj dks bl ckr dk irk yxus ij fdlh U;k;ky; dh vkKk ds v/khu fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr ds ns[kHkky eas jgus okyk dksbZ ckyd vLoLFk euLd ¼vkQ vulkmUM ekbUM½ gS] jkT; ljdkj dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd ml ckyd ds vLoLFk euLd gksus ds izek.kk/kkjksa dk mYys[k djrs gq;s mlds fdlh ekufld fpfdRlky; ¼esUVy gkfLiVy½ ;k vU; lqjf{kr LFkku easa gVk;s tkus vkSj ogka ml vof/k ds fy;s mlds mDr Ldwy ;k mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa j[ks tkus dh vkKk gqbZ Fkh] vof”k’V Hkkx rd ;k ;fn ml vof/k ds lekIr gks tkus ij fpfdRlkf/kdkjh ;g izekf.kr djas fd mDr ckyd ;k vU; yksxksa dh lqj{kk dh nf̀’V ls mldk pSfdRlk ns[kjs[k ;k fpfdRlk esa jguk vHkh vko”;d gS rks rc rd tc rd og fof/kr% mRl’̀V u gks tk;s] fufnZ’V jhfr ls fpfdRlk ds fy;s j[ks tkus dh vkKk ns nsA 28 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 48&50À ¼3½ tc jkT; ljdkj dks ;g irk pys fd ckyd vc LoLFk euLd ;k dq’BeqDr ;k Nwr ds jksx ls eqDr gks x;k gS vkSj ;fn ml ckyd dks fQj fujks/ku ¼dLVMh½ esa j[kk tkuk gks rks jkT; ljdkj ml O;fDr dks funsZ”k nsdj ftlds vo/kku esa og ckyd gks] vkKk nsxh fd og ml vuqeksfnr Ldwy] tgka ls ;k ml mi;qDr O;fDr ds ikl ls og gVk;k x;k Fkk] fQj Hkst fn;k tk;s] fdUrq ;fn vc ml ckyd dks fujks/ku esa ugha j[kk tkuk gS rks jkT; ljdkj vkKk ns nsxh fd og mRd’̀V dj fn;k tk;s A ¼4½ bafM;u Y;wulh ,sDV] 1912 dh /kkjk 31 ;k ysilZ] 1898 dh /kkjk 14 ds mica/k ;FkkfLFkfr ,sls izR;sd ckyd ij ykxw gksxsa] tks fdlh ekufld fpfdRlky; ;k dq’B fuokj.k x̀g esa mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k ¼2½ ds v/khu ml vof/k dh lekfIr ij] ftl rd mls j[ks tkus dh vkKk gqbZ Fkh] jgs vkSj ftrus fnuksa dksbZ ckyd mDr mi/kkjk ds v/khu fdlh ekufld fpfdRlky; ;k dq’B fuokj.k x̀g eas jgs mrus fnu ml vof/k ds] ftlds fy;s mlds fujks/ku esa j[ks tkus dh vkKk gqbZ Fkh] Hkkx le>k tk;sxk % fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd tgka fdlh vLoLFk euLd ;k dq’B jksx ls ihfM+r ckyd dk rRdky gVk;k tkuk vko”;d gks ogka ml laLFkk ds tgka mDr ckyd j[kk x;k jgk gks] vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd ;FkkfLFkfr bafM;u Y;wulh ,sDV] 1912 dh /kkjk 31 ;k ysilZ] 1898 dh /kkjk 14 ds v/khu izkIr vf/k{ks= ds U;k;ky; dks bl ckr ds fy;s izkFkZuk dj ldas fd ml le; rd ds fy;s] tc rd bl laca/k esa jkT; ljdkj dh vkKk izkIr u dj yh tk ldsa rRdky mls ikxy[kkus ;k dq’B fuokj.k x̀g esa Hkst nsus dh vkKk nsa A v/;k; 7 vuqeksfnr Ldwy rFkk vU; laLFkk,a 48&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks ysus ds fy;s Ldwy LFkkfir dj ldrh gS vkSj pyk ldrh gS A Ldwyksa dh mikluk rFkk mudk izekf.kr fd;k tkuk ¼2½ fdlh ,sls Ldwy dh izca/kd lfefr ds izkFkZuk i= ij vFkok mldh lEefr izkIr djds tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu LFkkfir u gqvk gS] jkT; ljdkj ;g izekf.kr dj ldrh gS fd og Ldwy ,sls ckydkas vFkok vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa dks ysus ds fy; mi;qDr gSa] tks ogka bl vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj Hksts tk;s vkSj ,sls Ldwy dh izca/kd lfefr dks ,slh lgk;rk] ftls jkT; ljdkj mls pykus ds fufeRr mi;qDr le>s] ns ldrh gS A 49&& ¼1½ /kkjk 48 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu LFkkfir izR;sd Ldwy ds fu;a=.k vkSj izca/k ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj ,d vf/k{kd ¼lqifjaVsaMsV½ vkSj ,d lfefr fu;qDr djsxh vkSj og v/kh{kd vkSj lfefr bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, ml Ldwy ds izca/kd le>s tk;xas A Ldwykas dk izca/k ¼2½ /kkjk 48 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu izekf.kr izR;sd Ldwy ,sls O;fDr;kas ds izca/k eas gksxk] ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj vuqeksfnr dj nsa vkSj mDr izdkj vuqeksfnr O;fDr bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy; ml Ldwy ds izca/kd le>s tk;xas A 50&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa dk ,d eq[; fujh{kd vkSj bruh la[;k esa fujh{kd ;k lgk;d fujh{kd ftruh dh og eq[; fujh{kd dks lgk;rk ds fy;s vko”;d le>s] fu;qDr dj ldrh gS] vkSj ,sls O;fDr ds] tks bl izdkj eq[; fujh{kd dh lgk;rk djus ds fy;s fu;qDr gks] eq[; fujh{kd ds mrus vf/kdkj vkSj drZO; gksxsa] ftrus ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj vkns”k nsa] fdUrq og eq[; fujh{kd ds funsZ”k ds v/khu dke djsxk A vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa dk fujh{k.k 29 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 51&55À ¼2½ izR;sd vuqeksfnr Ldwy dk fujh{k.k eq[; fujh{kd vFkok lgk;d fujh{kd vFkok fujh{kd }kjk ekg es ,d ckj gksxk] fdUrq ;fn ,slk Ldwy dsoy ckfydkvkas ds ysus ds fy;s gks vkSj eq[; fujh{kd us mldk fujh{k.k ugha fd;k gks rks fujh{k.k] ;fn O;ogk;Z ¼izsfDVdy½ gks] fdlh L=h }kjk fd;k tk;sxk A 51&& vuqeksfnr Ldwy dk vkSj mlds lc foHkkxksa dk fujh{k.k eq[; fujh{kd vkSj bl dk;Z ds fy;s fu;qDr fujh{kd vkSj lgk;d fujh{kd }kjk vkSj ,sls O;fDr;ksa }kjk] ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj bl fo’k; eas vf/kdkj nss] gj le; gks ldsxk A fujh{kdksa ds vf/kdkj 52&& dksbZ ,slk fuc) ¼jftLVMZ½ fpfdRld] ftls jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl fo’k; esa vf/kdkj izkIr gksa] fdlh Hkh le; mlds izca/kdks dks lwpuk nsdj vFkok u nsdj fdlh Hkh vuqeksfnr Ldwy dk fujh{k.k] mlesa jgus okyksa ds LokLF; vkSj Ldwy dh lQkbZ dh n”kk ds laca/k esa eq[; fujh{kd dk vk[;k ¼fjiksVZ½ nsus ds mn~ns”; ls dj ldrk gS % fpfdRlk fujh{kd fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn ,slk Ldwy dsoy ckfydkvksa ds fy;s gks rks fuc) ¼jftLVMZ½ fpfdRld iq:’k ml Ldwy esa mlds izca/kd dks lwpuk fn;s fcuk ugha tk;ssxk A 53&& ;fn jkT; ljdkj fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy dh n”kk] mlds fu;eksa] izca/k vFkok v/kh{kd ls vlarq’V gks rks Ldwy ds izca/kd dks lwpuk nsdj fdlh Hkh le; ;g ?kks’k.kk dj ldrh gS fd mDr Ldwy dk izek.k&i= lwpuk esa fufnZ’V frfFk ls okil ys fy;k x;k gS vkSj mlh fnukad ls izek.k&i= jn~n gks tk;sxk vkSj og Ldwy vuqeksfnr Ldwy ugha jgsxk % izek.k&i= okil ysus dk jkT; ljdkj dks vf/kdkj fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn jkT; ljdkj mi;qDr le>s rks izek.k&i= okil ysus ds LFkku esa Ldwy ds izca/kd dks lwpuk nsdj lwpuk ds fufnZ’V le; rd ds fy;s vFkok tc rd lwpuk dk izfrlagj.k ¼fjoksd”ku½ u gks tk;] ml Ldwy esa ckydksa vFkok vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa dh Hkjrh can dj ldrh gS % ;g Hkh izfrca/k gS fd bl /kkjk vFkok mlds iF̀kd izfrca/k ds v/khu lwpuk tkjh djus ds iwoZ Ldwy ds izca/kd dk mi;qDr volj bl ckr dk dkj.k fn[kkus ds fy;s fn;k tk;sxk fd ;Fkk fLFkfr izek.k&i= okil D;kas u fy;k tk;s vFkok Ldwy esa HkrhZ D;kas u can dj nh tk;s A 54&& fdlh vuqeksfnr Ldwy dk izca/kd eq[; fujh{kd }kjk jkT; ljdkj dks vius vfHkizk; ds laca/k esa N% ekl dh fyf[kr lwpuk nsdj Ldwy ds izek.k&i= dks R;kx dj ldrk gS vkSj ,slh lwpuk ds fnukad ls N% ekl O;rhr gkssus ij] ;fn ml le; ds iwoZ lwpuk okil u ys yh tk;s] izek.k&i= dk R;kx lizHkko gks tk;xk vkSj og Ldwy vuqekfnr Ldwy u jgsxk A izca/kd }kjk izek.k&i= dk R;kx 55&& izek.k&i= dh okilh dh lwpuk Ldwy izca/kd }kjk izkIr gksus ds fnukad ds ckn izek.k&i= ds R;kx dh lwpuk ds fnukad ds ckn] fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dks bl vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj vuqeksfnr Ldwy eas ugha fd;k tk;xk] fdUrq mi;qZDr fnukadks ij fu:) ckydksa vFkok vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ds f”k{kk] f”k{k.k] fuokl] diM+k rFkk [kkuk nsus dk vkHkkj ¼nkf;Ro½ ftldk mYys[k bl vf/kfu;e eas vkxs fd;k x;k gS] ml fLFkfr dks NksM+dj mlds fo’k; eas jkT; ljdkj fHkUu izdkj vkns”k ns] izca/kd dk gh rc rd cuk jgsxk tc rd fd izek.k&i= dh okilh vFkok mldk R;kx lizHkko u gks tk;A izek.k&i= okil ysus vFkok R;kx nsus dk izHkko 30 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 56&60À 56&& fdlh Ldwy ds vuqeksfnr u jgus ij] mRltZu ¼fMLpktZ½ rFkk LFkkukUrj.k djus ls lEc) bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj mlesa fu:) ckydksa vFkok vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa iw.kZr;k vFkok dqN ,slh “krksZ ij ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj yxk;s] eqDr dj fn;k tk;xk vFkok jkT; ljdkj dh vkKk ls fdlh nwljs vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa LFkkukUrj.k djds Hkst fn;k tk;sxk A izek.k&i= dh okilh vFkok R;kx ij jgus okyksa dk O;oLFkkiuk 57&& jkT; ljdkj vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa ds fdUgh fuokfl;kas vFkok fuokfl;ks ds fdUgh oxksZ dks ysus ds fy;s lgk;d fuokl ¼vkXtfy;jh gksEl½ LFkkfir dj ldrh gS vFkok vc ls iwoZ fdlh vU; laLFkk }kjk LFkkfir ;k ckn esa LFkkfir gksus okys fdlh ,sls fuokl dks izekf.kr dj ldrh gS vkSj bu izek.k&i=kas dks Ldwy ds izek.k&i=kssa dh rjg okil fy;k vFkok R;k.kk tk ldrk gS vkSj ,slk izR;sd fuokl jkT; ljdkj }kjk fufnZ’V iz;kstukas ds fy;s ml vuqeksfnr Ldwy vFkok mu vuqeksfnr Ldwykas dk Hkkx gks] le>k tk;sxk ftlls fd og lEc} gks A lgk;d fuokl LFkku 58&& fdlh ,sls vuqeksfnr Ldwy dk izca/kd] ftls jkT; ljdkj us LFkkfir u fd;k gks] ,sls fdlh ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh ds ysus ls izfr’ks/k ¼fj¶;wt½ dj ldrk gS] ftls bl vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj mlds ikl Hkstuk izLrkfor gks] fdUrq ,d ckj fdlh ,sls ckyd vFkok vo;Ld vijk/kh dk Lohdkj dj ysus ij ;g le>k tk;sxk fd ml iw.kZdky rd ds fy;s ftlesa ml Ldwy esa fu:) j[kuk gS vFkok tc rd fd Ldwy ds izek.k&i= dh okilh vFkok mldk R;k; lizHkko ugha gksrk] ml izca/kd us mls f”k{kk] f”k{k.k] fuokl&LFkku] diM+k vkSj [kkuk nsus dk Hkkj ys fy;k gSA izca/kdks ds nkf;Ro 59&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] nfjnz ckydksa dks ysus okyh fdlh ,slh laLFkk dk] tks iw.kZ :Ik ls vFkok vkaf”kd :Ik ls pans dh lgk;rk ij fuHkZj gks vkSj ftldk ljdkjh vf/kdkj ls ;k mlds v/khu fujh{k.k u fd;k tk ldrk gks] fujh{k.k le;&le; ij fdlh mi;qDr dky esa ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr O;fDr;kas }kjk ckydksa ds LokLF; vkSj {ks= dq”ky vkSj ml LFkku dh LoPNrk lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy;s djk ldrh gSA Nfjnz ckydks dks ysus okyh laLFkkvksa dk fujh{k.k ¼2½ bl izdkj fu;qDr O;fDr izR;sd mi;qDr dky ij laLFkk esa tkus dk vkSj ogak dk rFkk mlls lEc) jftLVjksa rFkk i=kfndksa dk iw.kZ:i ls fujh{k.k djus dk vf/kdkj gksxkA ,slk dksbZ O;fDr] tks mlds drZO; ikyu esa ck/kk Mkysxk] nks’kh Bgjk;s tkus ij ipkl :i;s rd dk tqekZuk nsus dk n.M dk Hkkxh gksxkA ¼3½ ;fn dksbZ ,slh laLFkk fdlh /keZ fo”ks’k ds fl}kUrksa ds vuqlkj pykbZ tkrh gks vkSj ;fn ml laLFkk dk izca/kd pkgs rks jkT; ljdkj mlh /keZ ds vuq;k;h O;fDr dh fu;qfDr] tgka ,slk O;ogkj gsk] ml laLFkk esa tkus vkSj mldk fujh{k.k djus ds fy;s djsxkA ¼4½ ;fn ,slh laLFkk dsoy ckfydkvksa dks ysus ds fy;s gks rks fujh{k.k] lk/kkj.kr;k fdlh efgyk }kjk fd;k tk;sxk A v/;k; 8 bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vf/k{ks= izkIr U;k;ky;ksa ds vf/kdkj vkSj dk;Z 60&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] fdlh ftys eas fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= ds fy;s ,d vo;Ld U;k;ky; ¼tqfoukby dksVZ½ LFkkfir dj ldrh gS vkSj ,sls U;k;ky; ds fy;s tt ¼fopkjkifr½ fu;qDr dj ldrk gSA vo;Ld U;k;ky; 31 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 61&64À ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;eksa ds iz;kstukas ds fy;s U;k;ky; dk rkRi;Z ,sls vo;Ld U;k;ky; ls gS] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk fdlh {ks= ds fy;s LFkkfir fd;k tk;s vkSj mlds vUrxZr ls”ku U;k;ky; vkSj izFke Js.kh dk ,slk eftLVªsV gS ftls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkjksa dk iz;ksx djus ds fy;s fo”ks’k :Ik ls vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gksA 61&& ml fLFkfr dks NksM+dj] ftldh O;oLFkk fHkUu izdkj ls vf/kfu;e eas dh xbZ gks %& vo;Ld U;k;ky;ksa vkSj vU; U;k;ky;ksa ds vf/kdkjh ¼1½ tc fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= ds fy;s dksbZ vko”;d U;k;ky; LFkkfir fd;k x;k gks rks ,slk U;k;ky; mu lc vfHk;ksxkaas ij] ftueas fdlh ckyd ij fof/k ds mYya?ku djus dk vkjksi yxk;k x;k gks] fopkj djsxk vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dh tkus okyh vU; lHkh dk;Zokfg;ksa ds fo’k; esa dk;Z djsxk vkSj mldk fuLrkj.k djsxk] fdUrq mDr U;k;ky; dks fdlh ,sls vfHk;ksx ij fopkj djus dk vf/kdkj u gksxk] ftlesa fdlh izkS<+ ¼,MYV½ ij v/;k; 3 ds v/khu vijk/k dk vkjksi.k fd;k x;k gks( vkSj ¼2½ tc fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= ds fy;s dksbZ vko”;d U;k;ky; LFkkfir fd;k x;k gks rks mu U;k;ky;ksa dks NksM+dj ftUgsa /kkjk 60 ds v/khu vo;Ld U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkjksa ¼ikolZ½ dk iz;kssx djus dk vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gks] fdlh vU; U;k;ky; dks fdlh ,sls vfHk;ksx ds fo’k; eas] ftlesa fdlh ckyd ij fof/k ds mYya?ku djus dk vkjksi yxk;k x;k gks] dk;Z djus dk ;k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh vU; dk;Zokgh ds fo’k; eas dk;Z djus ;k mldk fuLrkj.k djus dk vf/kdkj ugha gksxkA 62&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh ,sls eftLVªsV dk ftls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu U;k;ky; dh “kfDr;kaas ¼ikolZ½ dk iz;ksx djus dk vf/kdkj u fn;k x;k gks] ;g er gks fd mlds lkeus yk;k x;k ckyd fdlh vuqeksfnr fo|ky; esa Hksts tkus ;k bl ;ksX; gS fd mlds laca/k esa vU; izdkj dk ,slk dk;Z fd;k tk;s] ftlls fd bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ml fo’k; esa dk;Zokgh dh tk ldsa] rks og ,sls er dks fyfic) djsxk vkSj vius ;gka ls gqbZ dk;Zokgh ¼izkslsfMax½ dh vkSj mDr ckyd dks lcls ikl ds ml fo’k; esa vf/k{ks= izkIr vo;Ld U;k;ky; esa ;k lcls ikl ds ,sls eftLVªsV ds ikl Hkst nsxk] ftls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu U;k;ky; dh “kfDr;ksa dks iz;ksx djus dk vf/kdkj izkIr gks A ml n”kk easa izfdz;k vc eftLVªsV dh bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vkKk nsus dh “kfDRk ¼ikWoj½ ugha gS ¼2½ ,slk U;k;ky; ;k eSftLVªsV ftlds ikl bl izdkj ls dk;Zokgh ¼izkslsfMax½ Hksth tk;s] ,slh vkSj tkap] ;fn og dksbZ djuk pkgs vkSj ftls og mi;qDr le>s] dj ldrk gS vkSj ,lh vkKk;as ns ldrk gS] tks ml n”kk eas og U;k;ky; ;k eftLVªsV nsrk tc og ckyd igys igya mlds lkeus yk;k tkrk ;k mlds }kjk ckyd ds vijk/k ij fopkj fd;k tkrk A 63&& ;fn fdlh ckyd ij fdlh vU; O;fDr ds lkFk tks ckyd u gks] fdlh vijk/k dk vkjksi fd;k tk;s rks bl vf/kfu;e esa dksbZ ckr blds foijhr gksus ij Hkh ckyd ds vijk/k dk fopkj dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj izk S<+ ds lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bl vf/kfu;e dh fdlh ckr ls ;g vko”;d u gksxk fd ckyd ds vijk/k dk fopkj vo;Ld U;k;ky; }kjk fd;k tk;s] fdUrq ;fn ckyd dks dksbZ n.M fn;k tk;sxk rks og bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas ds vuqlkj gksxkA Ckkyd vkSj izkS<+ dk la;qDr fopkj 64&& ml ifjfLFkfr;kas dks NksM+dj] ftldh O;oLFkk bl vf/kfu;e eas dh xbZ gks vo;Ld U;k;ky; dks fdlh cSBd eas fuEufyf[kr dks NksM+dj dksbZ vU; O;fDr mifLFkr u jgsxk %& vo;Ld U;k;ky;kas es O;fDr;kas dh mifLFkfr ¼d½ U;k;ky; ds lnL; vkSj vf/kdkjh ( ¼[k½ U;k;ky; ds lkeus izLrqr vfHk;ksx ds i{k vkSj ,sls vU; O;fDr] ftudk lh/kk laaca/k vfHk;ksx ls gks] ftlds vUrxZr iqfyl vf/kdkjh Hkh gS ( ¼x½ ,sls vU; O;fDr] ftUgsa U;k;ky; mifLFkr gksus ds fy;s fo”ks’k :Ik ls vf/kdr̀ djsa A 32 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 65&70À 65&& ;fn fdlh vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh ¼dsl ;k izkslhfMax½ ds fopkj dh voLFkk ij vo;Ld U;k;ky; ckyd ds fgr dh nf̀”V ls fdlh O;fDr dks] ftlds vUrxZr mldk firk ekrk ;k laj{kd ;k iRuh ;k ifr ;k Lo;a ckyd Hkh gS] U;k;ky; ds ckgj pys tku dk fopkj djuk miiUu le>s] rks U;k;ky; dks ,slk funZs’k djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk vkSj ,slk djus ij ,slk O;fDr U;k;ky; ds ckgj pyk tk;sxk A ;fn dksbZ O;fDr U;k;ky; ds ckgj u tk;s rks U;k;ky; mls gVkus ds laca/k eas dk;Zokgh dj ldrk gS A vo;Ld U;k;ky;kas ls O;fDr;ksa dk gV tkuk 66&& ;fn vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh ds fopkj dh fdlh voLFkk ij U;k;ky; bl ckr ls larq’V gks fd vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh dh lquokbZ ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s ckyd dh mifLFkfr vfuok;Z ugha gS rks U;k;ky; mls mifLFkr gksus ls eqDr dj ldrk gS vkSj vfHk;ksx dk fopkj ckyd dh vuqifLFkfr eas dj ldrk gSA ckyd dh vuqifLFkfr ls eqDr 67&& ;fn “kkyhurk ;k uSfrdrk ¼fMlsUlh vkj ekjsfyVh½ ds fo:) fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k ;k mlds fo:) vkpj.k ls lEc} fdlh vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh ds fopkj fdlh dh voLFkk ij dksbZ ckyd fopkj nsus ds fy;s cqyk;k tk;s rks vfHk;ksx ij fopkj djus okyk ;k dk;Zokgh esa izo`Rr dksbZ U;k;ky; ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks] ftUgsa og mi;qDr le>s vkSj vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh ds i{k] muds fof/kd ijke”kZ nsus okys] vkSj vfHk;ksx ;k dk;Zokgh ds lEc) vf/kdkjh u gksa] U;k;ky; ls ckgj pys tkus dk funs”k dj ldrk gSA ,slk djus ij ,sls O;fDr U;k;ky; ls ckgj pys tksaxsA ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ckgj u tk; rks U;k;ky; mls gVokus ds laca/k esa dk;Zokgh dj ldrk gSA Ckkyd ds lk{kh ds :Ik eas ijh{k.k ds le; U;k;ky; ls O;fDr;kas dk gV tkuk 68&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu U;k;ky; }kjk nh tkus okyh fdlh vkKk ds iz;kstukas ds fy;s U;k;ky; fuEufyf[kr ckrksa ij /;ku j[ksxk %& vkKk;sa nsrs le; U;k;ky;ksa }kjk dqN ckrksa ij fopkj djuk gksxk ¼d½ ckyd dh voLFkk ( ¼[k½ thou dh ifjLFkfr] ftlesa ckyd jgrk gS ( ¼x½ lq/kkj vf/kdkjh }kjk mlds laca/k eas nh gqbZ vk[;k;sa ¼fjiksVZl½( vkSj ¼?k½ ,slh vU; ckrsa ftu ij ckyd ds fgr dh nf̀’V ls U;k;ky; ds er esa fopkj djuk vko”;d gks % fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd tc ;g Ikk;k tk;s fd fdlh vo;Ld vijk/kh us fof/k dk mYya?ku fd;k gS rks ml vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fo:n U;k;ky; }kjk bl fu.kZ; dk fd mlus fof/k dk mYya?ku fd;k gS] mYys[k djus ds ckn gh mi;qZDr ckrkas ds laca/k esa fopkj fd;k tk;sxk A v/;k; 9 lk/kkj.k vkSj fofo/k 69&& dksbZ U;k;ky; fdlh ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks] ftldh voLFkk nl o’kZ ls de gks] vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkstus dh vkKk u nsxk] tc rd fd fdlh dkj.k ls] ftlds vUrxZr ;g dkj.k Hkh gS fd vfHk;qDr ds leku gh /kkfeZd fopkj j[kus okyk ,slk O;fDr tks mls viuh ns[kHkky esa j[kus ds fy;s jkth gks] miyC/k ugha gS] U;k;ky; dks ;g fo’okl u gks tk;s fd blds vfrfjDr vU; dksbZ lk/ku ugha gS A vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa esa Hkstus ds fy;s U;wure voLFkk 70&& izR;sd U;k;ky; vius lkeus ns[kHkky ds fy;s vFkok vijk/kh dh gSfl;r ls ;k vU; izdkj ls yk;s x;s ckyd ds fgr dk /;ku j[ksxk vkSj mfpr n”kk esa ckyd dks nwf”kr okrkoj.k ls gVkus dk rFkk mldh i<+kbZ fy[kkbZ vkSj f”k{k.k dh mfpr O;oLFkk ds fy;s izca/k djsxk A ckydkas vkSj vo;Ldksa ds fo’k; eas U;k;ky;kas }kjk ikyu fd;s tkus okys fl}kUr 33 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 71&74À 71&& ¼1½ dksbZ lekpkj&i= bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh dk;Zokgh ds lekpkj esa ckyd dk uke] irk] fo|ky; ;k ,slk fooj.k u Nkisxk] ftlls og ckyd ml O;fDr ds :Ik eas] ftlds fo:) ;k ftlds laaca/k eas mDr dk;Zokgh pykbZ xbZ gks ;k mleas lk{kh ds :Ik eas igpkuk tk ldsa vkSj fdlh lekpkj i= eas fdlh ,sls ckyd dk] ftldk laca/k mi;qDr dk;Zokgh ls gks] fp= ;k ,slk fp= ftleas og gks] ugha Nkik tk;sxk % lekpkj&i=kas esa dqN lekpkj Nkius dh eukgh fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gs fd ;fn jkT; ljdkj dks fdlh ckyd eas ;g lUrks’k gks rks fd ,slk djuk U;k; ds fgr eas gS rks og bl /kkjk eas fn;s gq;s izfrca/k dks viuh vkKk ls ml lhek rd gVk ldrh gS] tks vkKk eas fufnZ’V dh tk;sa A ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr bl /kkjk ds fo:) dksbZ lekpkj Nkisxk rks mls nksuksa eas ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl dk n.M] ftldh vof/k nks ekl rd gks ldrh gS] ;k tqekZus dk n.M] tks nks lkS :i;s rd gks ldrk gS] fn;k tk ldsxk] ;k nksuksa izdkj ds n.M fn;s tk ldsxsa A 72&& lq/kkj vf/kdkjh dh vk[;k ;k dksbZ vkSj vk[;k] ftl ij U;k;ky; us /kkjk 68 ds v/khu fopkj fd;k gks] xqIr j[kh tk;sxhA lq/kkj vf/kdkjh dh vk[;k vkSj vU; vk[;kvksa dks xqIr le>uk 73&& ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ftl ij vijk/k yxk;k x;k gks vFkok ugha] fdlh U;k;ky; esa xokgh nsus ls fHkUu iz;kstu ls mifLFkr fd;k tk;s vkSj U;k;ky; dks ,slk izrhr gks fd og ckyd gS] rks og U;k;ky; mDr O;fDr dh voLFkk ds ckjs eas mfpr tkap dj ldrk gS vkSj mlds fufeRr tks xokgh feys] mls ys ldrk gS vkSj ml viuk fu.kZ;] ftleas ckyd dh fudVre voLFkk fy[kh jgsxh] vfHkfyf[kr dj ldrk gS A vk;q dh ifjdYiuk vkSj mldk vkpj.k ¼2½ blls Bhd igys dh mi/kkjk ds v/khu U;k;ky; dk ;g iz[;kiu dh mlds lkeus mifLFkr fd;s x;s O;fDr dh voLFkk lksyg o’kZ ls de gS] bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s vfUre gksxk vkSj dksbZ U;k;ky; vihy ;k iqujh{k.k ds le; mDr ?kks’k.kk esa dksbZ gLr{ksi ugha djsxk A 74&& ¼1½ Ldwyksa ds laca/k essa ;g vo/kkfjr djrs le; fd fdl Ldwy eas ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu Hkstk tk;s] U;k;ky; ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dk /keZ ekywe djsxk vkSj ;fn ,slk Ldwy pqusxk] tgka mlds /keZ dh f”k{kk laaca/kh lqfo/kk;as gksa A mu O;fDr;kas dk /keZ] ftUgs ckyd lkSaik tk;s ¼2½ ml ckyd dks vo/kkfjr djrs le; ftldh ns[kHkky esa bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ckyd fn;k tk;s] U;k;ky; ml O;fDr ds /keZ dks ekywe djsxk tks ,slk Hkkj ysrk gks tks U;k;ky; ds er eas i;kZIr gks fd ckyd dk ikyu iks’k.k mlds /kekZuqlkj gksxk vkSj mDr /keZ dk mYys[k vkKk esa fd;k tk;sxk A ¼3½ fdlh ,slh vkKk ds vk/kkj ij ;fn dksbZ ckyd ,slh O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas ns fn;k x;k gks] tks ckyd ds /keZ dk vuq;k;h u gks ;k ftlus Hkkj u fy;k gks] og U;k;ky; ftlus mDr vkKk nh gks] ;k osls gh vf/k{ks= dk nwljk U;k;ky;] fdlh O;fDr ds bl laca/k eas izkFkZuk i= ij vkSj ;g izrhr gksus ij fd ckyd ds /keZ dk dksbZ mi;qDr O;fDr gS vFkok dksbZ ,slk O;fDr gS tks ckyd dk mi;qDr Hkkj ysxk vkSj ;fn mDr O;fDr ;fn ckyd dh ns[kHkky ds fy;s rS;kj gS rks mls mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa ckyd dks nsus ds fy;s vkKk nsxk A 34 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 75&76À ¼4½ ;fn ckyd dks fdlh ,sls vuqeksfnr Ldwy esa Hkst fn;k tk;s tgka mlds /keZ dh f”k{kk dh lqfo/kk;as u gks vFkok mls ,sls O;fDr dks lkSi fn;k tk;s tks bl ckr dk Hkkj u ysrk gks fd lkSais x;s ckyd dk ikyu iks’k.k mlds /kekZuqlkj gksxk] rks U;k;ky; mDr Ldwy vFkok mDr O;fDr ls bl ckr dh izfrKk ysxk fd ckyd dh f”k{kk rFkk ikyu iks’k.k mlds /keZ ds vfrfjDr fdlh vkSj /keZ eas u gksxk A ¼5½ ;fn fdlh ckyd dks ckgj j[kk x;k gks vFkok ;fn ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dh vuqKfIr ¼ykblsal½ }kjk ;g vuqKk ns nh xbZ gsk fd og fdlh nwljs O;fDr ds lkFk jgs rks Ldwy dk izca/kd bl dke ds fy;s mlds mlh /keZ dk O;fDr dk pquko djsxk] tks ;FkkfLFkfr ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dk gks vkSj ;fn ,slk O;fDr miyC/k u gks rks og ,sls O;fDr dk pquko djsxk] tks bl ckr dk fd ckyd ;k vo;Ld vijk/kh dh f”k{kk rFkk ikyu&iks’k.k mlds /kekZuqlkj gh gksxk] lUrks’kizn Hkkj ys] vkSj ;fn ,slk dksbZ O;fDr u feys rks mlds fdlh vU; O;fDr dks /kkjk 39 vFkok 40 ds v/khu ;FkkfLFkfr lkSai fn;k tk;sxkA ¼6½ tc dksbZ ckyd fdlh ,sls O;fDr dh ns[kHkky eas fn;k x;k gks] ftlus mi;qDr Hkkj rks fy;k gks fdUrq mDr Hkkj dk fuokZg u djrk gks rks ckyd mDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky ls gVk fy;k tk;sxk vkSj bl /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj mldh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS A ¼7½ tc fdlh ckyd ds /keZ ls vfHk:fp j[kus okys fdlh O;fDr dks ckyd ds /keZ cnyus ds iz;Ru ;k mlds /keZ esa gLr{ksi dk lekpkj feys rks og O;fDr U;k;ky; dks bl ckr dk izkFkZuk i= ns ldrk gS vksj U;k;ky; dks larq’V gks tkus ij mDr ckyd dks mDr laLFkk vFkok mDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky ls fudky ysus dh vkKk ns ldrk gS vkSj vU; mi;qDr O;fDr vFkok laLFkk dh ns[kHkky esa mls ns ldrk gS A 75&& dksbZ O;fDr bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstukas ds fy;s ckyd le>k tk;xk] ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu mlds fo:) fdlh dk;Zokgh ds izkjEHk gksus ds le; ;k mldh fxj¶rkjh ds le;] ftlds laaca/k eas mlds fo:) bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ dk;Zokgh izkjEHk dh tk;s] mlus /kkjk 2 ds [k.M ¼4½ eas fufnZ’V voLFkk izkIr u dh gks % fufnZ’V vk;q izkIr dj ysus ij Hkh ckyd ds fo:) O;ogkj ¼izkslhfMax½ dk tkjh jguk A fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu gksus okyh dk;Zokgh ds le; esa ,slk O;fDr mDr [k.M eas fufnZ’V voLFkk izkIr dj ys] rks dk;Zokgh izkjEHk gks pqdh gS] og cjkcj pyrh jgsxh vkSj bl fu;e ds v/khu ,sls O;fDr ds laca/k eas vkKk;sa nh tk ldrh gS ekuks bl vf/kfu;e eas dksbZ ckr blds foifjr gksus ij Hkh og O;fDr ckyd gh FkkA 76&& ¼1½ fdlh {ks= eas bl vf/kfu;e ds v/;k; 1] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7 vkSj 8 ds izoÙ̀k fd;s tkus ds fnukad ls mleas fjQkesaVjh LdwYl ,sDV] 1897 ds mica/k vkSj dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 dh /kkjk;sa 29&ch vkSj 399 izpfyr u jgsxh A fuorZu 1898 dk ,DV la 5 ¼2½ fdlh vo;Ld vijk/kh ds fo’k; eas] tks fdlh {ks= esa fjQkesaVjh LdwYl ,sDV] 1897 ds v/khu fdlh U;k;ky; }kjk nh xbZ vkKk ds vuqlkj fdlh fjQkesZVjh Ldwy esa ml fnukad ds ifgys] ftl ij mi;qZDr vf/kfu;e mi;qZDr {ks= eaas mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ykxw u jgsa] fu:) gks] ml fnukad ls ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlds fujks/ku dh vkKk bl izdkj dh x;h gS] ekuks ml vo;Ld vojk/kh ds fo:) izkjEHk ls gh bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dk;Zokgh dh xbZ Fkh vkSj ftl fjQkesZVjh Ldwy esa og fu:) gks] og bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu LFkkfir vuqeksfnr Ldwy le>k tk;sxkA ,sls vo;Ld vijk/kh dks fu:) djus ;k vuqKfIr }kjk mls ckgj j[kus dh fjQkesaVjh LdwYl ,sDV] 1897 ds v/khu nh xbZ vkKk ds fo’k; eas ml fnukad ls ;g le>k tk;sxk fd og vkKk bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh vuq:Ik mica/k ds v/khu nh xbZ gS vkSj ;FkklaHko rnuqlkj bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/k ,sls vo;Ld vijk/kh ij ykxw gksxsaA 1898 bZ0 dk ,sDV la0 8 1897 bZ0 dk ,sDV la0 8 35 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 77&84À 77&& fVgjh x<+oky jkT; cky /kweziku fu’ks/k ,sDV] 1949 fuofrZr ¼fjihy½ fd;k tk;s vkSj ,rn}kjk fd;k tkrk gSA 78&& dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 ds v/;k; 42 ds mica/k tgka rd laHko gks] bl ,sDV ds v/khu fu’ikfnr ca/kukek ij ykxw gksxsa A 1897 bZ0 dk ,sDV la[;k 8 ds v/khu ca/kukek 79&& ¼1½ /kkjk 3] 29] 30] 31] 38] 40 ;k 41 ds v/khu U;k;ky; }kjk tkjh dh gqbZ vkKk ds fo:) vihy fuEufyf[kr gks ldrh gS&& vihy vkSj iqujh{k.k ¼d½ ls”kUl tt dks] ;fn vkKk vo;Ld U;k;ky; ;k izFke Js.kh ds ,sls eftLVªsV }kjk] ftls bl laca/k eas fo”ks’k :Ik ls /kkjk 60 ds v/khu vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gks] tkjh dh x;h gS( vkSj ¼[k½ gkbZ dksVZ eas] ;fn vkKk ls”kUl tt }kjk nh xbZ gksA ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu tkjh dhs x;h vkKk dk] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vihy ;kssX; u gks] gkbZ dksVZ iqujh{k.k dj ldrk gS A 80&& /kkjk 79 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vihy && vihy djus dh vof/k ¼d½ ;fn og mDr mi/kkjk ds [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu gks rks vo;Ld U;k;ky; ;k eSftLVSªV }kjk nh xbZ vkKk ds fnukad ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj dh tk ldsxh( ¼[k½ ;fn og mDr mi/kkjk ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu gks rks ls”kUl tt }kjk nh xbZ vkKk ds fnukad ls lkB fnu ds Hkhrj dh tk ldsxhA 81&& bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr dgh x;h fdlh ckr dk ;g vFkZ u gksxk fd og xkftZ;u ,.M ckMZ~l ,sDV] 1890 dh /kkjk 4 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ eas ifjHkkf’kr U;k;ky; ds vfHk{ks= ;k vf/kdkj ij dksbZ izHkko Mkyrh gS ;k mueas deh djrh gS A U;k;ky; vf/k{ks= dk cpko 82&& vihy vkSj iqujh{k.k ¼jhfotu½ ds U;k;ky;ksa ds vf/kdkjkas ij foijjr izHkko Mkys fcuk] og U;k;ky;] ftlus vkKk nh gks] fdlh vojks/k ¼dLVMh½] i;Zos{k.k ¼lqijohtu½ ;k ijh{k.k ¼izksos”ku½ dh vkKk esa] mlesa ukekafdr vfHkj{kd] i;Zos{kd ;k lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds fo’k; eas] ijh{k.k dky ds fo’k; eas vkSj vU; ,sls C;kSjs ds fo’k;ksa eas] tks mleas mfYyf[kr gks] la”kks/ku dj ldrk gS A vkKkvksa eas la”kks/ku djus dk vf/kdkj 83&& tc fdlh ckyd ds laca/k esa ;g fu.kZ; gks tk; fd mlus fof/k dk mYya?ku fd;k gS rks bl ckr dk fd mlds laca/k eas ;g rF; fuf.kZr gks pqdk gS] u rks bafM;u ihuy dksM] 1860 dh /kkjk 75 ;k dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1898 dh /kkjk 565 fd v/khu dkssbZ izHkko gksxk vkSj u og fdlh vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dksbZ in ;k fu;qfDr ¼bEIyk;easV½ izkIr djus ;k fuokZpu eas [kM+s gksus ds fy;s v;ksX;rk gksxhA vfHk”kfDr;ks laca/kh v;ksX;rk dk fuokj.k 84&& dksbZ O;fDr] ftldh ns[kHkky esa bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kks ds v/khu dksbZ ckyd j[kk tk;s] vkKk ds izpfyr jgus dh vof/k eas ckyd ij ,slk fu;a=.k j[ksxk ekuks og mldh ekrk ;k firk vkSj og ml ckyd ds Hkj.k iks’k.k ds fy;s mRrjnk;h gksxk vkSj mlds ekrk ;k firk ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk mldks izkIr djus dh ekax ds gksrs gq;s Hkh] og ckyd U;k;ky; }kjk fufnZ’V vof/k rd mldh ns[kHkky eas jgsxk A ckyd ds vfHkj{k.k ¼dLVksfM;u½ ij fu;a=.k 36 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 85&88À 85&& lq/kkj vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj vU; lc O;fDr;ksa dks] ftUgsa bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh mica/k ds v/khu dk;Zokgh djus ds fy;s vf/kdr̀ fd;k tk;s ;k vf/kdkj izkIr gks] bafM;u isfuy dksM] 1860 dh /kkjk 21 ds vUrxZr yksd lsod ¼ifCyd losZaV½ le>k tk;sxkA lq/kkj vf/kdkjh vkSj O;fDr ftUgsa yksd lsod le>s tkus ds fy;s vf/kd̀r fd;k tkrk gS 86&& dksbZ okn] vfHk;ksx ;k vU; fof/kd O;ogkj] fdlh O;fDr ds fo:) fdlh ,sls dke ds laca/k esa] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ln~Hkkouk ls fd;k x;k gks ;k ftlds djus dk vfHkizk; gks] jkT; ljdkj dh vuqKk ds fcuk izLrqr ugha fd;k tk;sxk A bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fd;s x;s dke dk cpko 87&& bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk jkT; ljdkj dks fn;s x;s lc ;k fdlh vf/kdkj ¼ikoj½ dk iz;ksx ,sls vU; vf/kdkjh }kjk] ftls vkSj ,sls izfrca/kksa ds v/khu] ftUgas bl laca/k eas jkT; ljdkj foKfIr nsdj fufnZ’V djs] fd;k tk ldrk gSA vf/kdkjksa dk leiZ.k 88&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kkas dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy;s fu;e cuk ldrh gS] fdUrq ,slk djus ls igys mUgss izdkf”kr djuk vko”;d gksxk A fu;e ¼2½ fo”ks’kr% vkSj blds iwoZxr vf/kdkj dh O;kidrk dks ckf/kr u djrs gq;s fu;eksa eas fuEufyf[kr es ls lc ;k fdlh fo’k;ksa dh O;oLFkk gks ldrh gS %& ¼d½ vuqeksfnr Ldwykas vFkok mi;qDr O;fDr dh ns[kHkky esa ckydks vFkok vo;Ld vijkf/k;kas dks Hkstus dh vkKk ds fo’k; ( ¼[k½ lq/kkj vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr] R;kx i=] inP;qfr ls lEc} vkuq’kafxd fo’k; rFkk mudks fn;k tkus okyk ifjJfed vkSj [kpkZ( ¼x½ lq/kkj vf/kdkjh ds drZO;( ¼?k½ ,slh “krsZ] ftu ij jkT; ljdkj lkslkbfV;ksa vkSj laLFkkvksa dks mueas lq/kkj vf/kdkjh j[kus ds fy;s ekU; djsa ( ¼³½ og jhfr] ftlds vuqlkj vo;Ld vijk/kh ijh{k.k dky ds fy;s eqDr fd;k tk;sa ( ¼p½ ,slh “krsZa] ftuds v/khu dksbZ vo;Ld vijk/kh vuqKfIr ¼ykblsal½ ij NksM+k tk;s] ,slh vuqKfIr ¼ykblsal½ dk QkeZ rFkk “krsaZ ( ¼N½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa vkSj lgk;d fuokl LFkkuksa dk LFkkiu vkSj mudk pykuk vkSj mDr Ldwyksa ;k lgk;d fuokl LFkkukas dh ekU;rk dks izekf.kr djuk ( ¼t½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa vkSj lgk;d fuokl LFkkuks dk izca/k ( ¼>½ fujh{kdksa ¼foftVlZ½ dh fu;qfDr rFkk mlds dk;Zdky dh vof/k ( ¼´½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa dk fujh{k.k ( ¼V½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa esa jgus okyksa dk Hkj.k iks’k.k vkSj mudk f”k{kk laca/kh] m|ksx laca/kh] /keZ ;k lnkpkj laca/kh ;k vU; izdkj dk izf”k{k.k ( ¼B½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa rd vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa vkSj ckydksa dks igqWpkus dh O;oLFkk ( ¼M½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa eas j[kus okyksa dks Ldwy ls FkksM+s le; ds fy;s vuqifLFkfr dh vkKk ( ¼<½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa esa jgus okykas ls feyuk vkSj mlls i= O;ogkj( 37 ¿1951 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k ckyd vf/kfu;eÀ ¿/kkjk 88À ¼.k½ vuqeksfnr Ldwyksa esa jgus okykas }kjk fd;s x;s vijk/kksa ds fy;s n.M ( ¼r½ /kkjk 57 esa crk;h x;h jhfr ds vuqlkj laLFkkvksa dk fujh{k.k( ¼Fk½ fxj¶rkj fd;s gq,] fQj ls fujks/ku esa Hksts gq;s ¼fjekUMsM½ ;k vfHk;ksx ds fopkj ds fy;s Hksts gq;s ckydksa ds fujks/k dh jhfr( ¼n½ vo;Ld U;k;ky;kas esa dk;Zokgh dh izfdz;k ( ¼/k½ vo;Ld U;k;ky;kas ls fHkUu fdlh nwljs U;k;ky; eas bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vfHk;ksx ;k tkap ds laca/k eas vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfdz;k ( ¼u½ ckydksa ds laca/kh vFkok mi;qDr O;fDr ns[kHkky esa lh[kus dh jhfr ls vkSj ,sls ykssxksa ds drZO; vkSj ,sls ckydksa dk i;Zo{k.k ( ¼i½ ekrk&firk rFkk vU; yksxksa ls ftu ij ckydksa vkSj vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa ds iks’k.k dk Hkkj gks] va”knku fn;k tkuk ( ¼Q½ ckydkas dks vuqeksfnr laLFkkvksa ls ckgj j[kuk ¼cksfMax gkml½ vkSj ckydksa rFkk vo;Ld vijkf/k;ksa dks vuqKfIr ¼ykblsal½ nsuk rFkk mudk ijh{k.k vkSj muds laca/k eas vk[;k;sa ¼fjiksVZ½ izLrqr djukA ¿bl vf/kfu;e ds izFke i’̀B ds QqVuksV 2 ij ns[kasÀ Øekad ftys dk uke /kkjk;sa tks izòRr gqbZ izòfRr dk fnukad foKfIr dh la[;k rFkk fnukad 1 2 3 4 5 1 dkuiqj] bykgkckn] okjk.klh] vkxjk] y[kuÅ rFkk cjsyh leLr /kkjk;as 23 twu 1962 la0 627¼ih½@NRrhl&l0d0&576¼ih½&61 fnukad 20 twu] 1962 A 2 xksj[kiqj] xkthiqj] fetkZiqj] QStkckn] mUuko] bVkok] >kalh] eFkqjk] ,Vk] esjB] lgkjuiqj] nsgjknwu] fVgjh x<+oky] ikSM+h x<+oky] uSuhrky rFkk vYeksM+k leLr /kkjk;as 23 twu 1962 la0 627¼ih½@NRrhl&l0d0&576¼ih½& 61] fnukad 20 twu] 1962 A 3 QStkckn] >kalh rFkk esjB 3 ls 6] 23 ls 76] 78 ls 88 24 tqykbZ 1965 la0 432¼ih½@NRrhl&l0d0&48¼ih½&65] fnukad 12 tqykbZ] 1965 A 4 Ekqjknkckn leLr /kkjk;as 11 ucEoj 1967 la0 4995@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 30 vDVwcj 1967 A 5¼v½ cLrh leLr /kkjk;as 7 flrEcj 1968 la0 4670@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 29 vxLr 1968 5¼c½ Lkgkjuiqj rFkk uSuhrky 3 ls 6] 23 ls 76] 78 ls 88 7 flrEcj 1968 la0 4670@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 29 vxLr 1968 6 cfy;k leLr /kkjk;as 11 vDVwcj 1969 la0 4546@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 25 flrEcj 1969 7 fetkZiqj 3 ls 6] 23 ls 76] 78 ls 88 11 vDVwcj 1969 la0 4546¼1½@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 25 flrEcj 1969 8 “kkgtgkaiqj rFkk gjnksbZ leLr /kkjk;as 11 fnlEcj 1971 la0 5246@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 23 uoEcj 19741 9 bVkok rFkk xkthiqj 3 ls 6] 23 ls 76] 78 ls 88 11 fnlEcj 1971 la0 5246¼1½@NRrhl&l0d0&32¼ih½&67] fnukad 23 uoEcj 19741 38 THE UTTAR PRADESH CHILDREN ACT, 1951 1 [U. P. Act No. 1 of 1952] [Passed in Hindi by the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council on September 26, 1951 and by the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly on September 28, 1951. Received the assent of the President on February 5, 1952, under Article 201 of ‘the Constitution of India’ and was published in Gazette Extra, dated February 19, 1952.] AN ACT to consolidate and amend the law for the custody, protection treatment and rehabilitation of children and for the custody, trial and punishment of youthful offenders and for the amendment of the Reformatory Schools Act, 1897 in its application to Uttar Pradesh. Preamble Act No. 8 of 1897 WHEREAS it is expedient to provide for the custody, protection treatment and rehabilitation of children and for the custody, trial and punishment of youthful offenders and for the amendment of the Reformatory Schools Act, 1897 in its application to the Uttar Pradesh; It is hereby enacted as follows : -- CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY Short title, extent and commencement 1. (1) This Act may be called the Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951. (2) It extends to the whole of the Uttar Pradesh. (3) This section and section 77 shall come into force at once. (4) The State Government may, by notification 2 in the official Gazette, direct that all or any of the remaining provisions of this Act shall come into force in any local area on such date or dates as may be specified in such notification. (5) Notwithstanding the commencement of this Act in any local area, the State Government may by notification in the official Gazette exclude any class of children or youthful offenders from the operation of all or any of the provisions of this Act. Definitions 2. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context- (1) "approved school" means a school established or certified under this Act; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. For S. O. R., see Gaz. dated Sep. 23, 1950. 2. Refer to the footnote appearing on page 29. [The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 2] 39 (2) "brothel" means a building or place, or any part as thereof, occupied or let or intended to be occupied or let, as a single tenement, for use by more than one person for the purposes of prostitution ; (3) "Chief Inspector" means the Chief Inspector appointed under section 50 ; (4) "child" means a person under the age of sixteen years ; (5) "fit person' in relation to the care of any child or youthful offender includes any society, institution or body corporate established for the reception or protection of poor children or the prevention of cruelty to children, which undertakes to bring up or to give facilities for bringing up any child or youthful offender entrusted to its care in conformity with the religion of its birth; (6) "guardian" in relation to a child or youthful offender includes any person who, in the opinion of the Court having cognizance of any proceedings in relation to the child or youthful offender or in which the child or youthful offender is concerned has for the time being the actual charge of or control over the child or youthful offender; (7) "juvenile court" means a Court established under sub­section (1) of section 60 and includes a Court sitting in the manner provided by sub-section (2) of that section; (8) "public place" includes any public park garden or railway station and any ground, building or premises to which the public for the time being have or permitted to have access whether on payment or otherwise; (9) "place of safety" means any observation home or any orphanage, hospital, or any other suitable place or institution the occupier or manager of which is willing temporarily to receive a child; or where such observation home, orphanage, hospital or other suitable place or institution is not available in the case of a male child only, a police station in which arrangements are available or can be made for the safe-keeping of a child separately from adult offenders ; (10) "Reformation Officer" means an officer appointed under section 34 ; (11) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules; (12) "street" includes any highway and any public bridge, road, lane, footpath, square, court, alley or pas5:ltge, whether It through fare or not; and (13) "youthful offender" means any child who has been found to have committed an offence punishable with transportation or imprisonment. [The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 3] 40 CHAPTER II CHILDREN IN NEED OF CARE OR PROTECTION Power of court in respect of children needing care or protection 3. (1) Any police officer or other person authorized in this behalf in the manner prescribed may bring before a court any person apparently under the age of sixteen years who- ------ (a) is found wandering and not having any home or settled place of abode, or visible means of subsistence, or is found wandering and having no parent or guardian or having a parent or guardian who is incapable of exercising or does not ordinarily exercise proper care and guardianship over him, or (b) is found begging or receiving alms (whether or not there is any pretence of singing, playing, performing, offering anything for sale or otherwise) or being in any street, premises or place for the purpose of so begging or receiving alms, or (c) is found destitute, and whose parents or surviving parent, and in the case of an illegitimate child whose mother, or other guardian are or is, undergoing a sentence of transportation or imprisonment, or . (d) is under the care of a parent or guardian who, by reason of criminal or drunken habits, is unfit to have the care of the child or who habitually neglects or cruelly ill-treats child, or (e) frequents the company of any reputed thief, or (f) is living lodging or residing in a house or part of a house used by any prostitute for the purposes of prostitution or is otherwise in circumstances calculated to cause, encourage or favour his seduction or prostitution, or (g) is otherwise likely to fall into bad association or to be exposed to moral danger, or to enter upon a life of crime : Provided that where any such child has a parent or guardian who has actual charge or control over the child, the person or the officer aforesaid, as the case may be, shall in the first instance make a report to the nearest Court and such Court; may call upon such parent or guardian to show cause why the child should not during the pendency of the proceedings be removed from his care and may, on suitable sureties being offered for the safety of such child and for his being brought before the Court, permit the child to remain in the actual charge of his parents or guardian or may order his removal till the Court passes orders under this Act. Explanation-- A child shall not be treated as corning within the description contained in sub-clause (f), if the house in which he is lodging or-residing is the house of his mother, who is a prostitute. [The Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951] [Section 4-6] 41 (2) If the Court is satisfied on enquiry that such person is a child and is as described within the provisions of sub- section. (1) and that it is expedient to deal with him the Court may either- (a) order him to be sent to an approved school or to the care of any fit person, whether a relative or not, who is willing to undertake the care until such child attains the age of 18 years or for such shorter period as may be specified, or ; (b) order his parent or guardian, if any, to enter into a recognizance to exercise proper care and guardianship for specified period not exceeding three years, or (c) without making any other order, or in addition to making an order under either of the preceding paragraphs, make an order placing him for a specified period, not exceeding three years, under the supervision of a Reformation Officer or of some other person appointed for the purpose by the Court. (3) If, after enquiry, the Court is satisfied that the child has been living by begging at the instance of and for the profit of any person who is a professional keeper of begging children, the Court may direct such person to appear before it and, after hearing him, may direct him to pay toward the cost of proceedings any amount not exceeding twenty-five rupees and such cost shall be realizable under the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, as if it were a fine. Sending of child, having place of residence outside the jurisdiction of the Court 4. In the case of child whose ordinary place of residence lies out­side the jurisdiction of the Court before which it is brought, the Court may, if satisfied after due inquiry that if is expedient so to do, send the child back to a relative or a fit person who is fit and willing to receive him and exercise proper care and control of him. Power of the parent or guardian to bring child before Court 5. Where the parent or guardian of a child applies to a Court that he is unable to control the child and prays that the child be sent to an approved school, the Court, if satisfied after enquiry that it is expedient so to deal with the child, and that the parent or guardian understands the result which will follow, may order the child to be sent to any such school or may order him to be placed for a specified period, not exceeding three years, under the supervision of a Reformation Officer. Interim order by court 6. Where at any stage of' a proceeding under this Chapter the Court be considers it expedient in the interest of the child, it may make such interim order as it thinks fit for the detention or continued det