THE UNITED PROVINCES PANCHAYAT RAJ ACT, 1947

1 la;qDr izkar iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947 ¿la;qDr izkarh; vf/kfu;e la0 26] 1947À THE UNITED PROVINCES PANCHAYAT RAJ ACT, 1947 [U. P. ACT No. XXVI OF 1947] 2 la;qDr izkar iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947 1 ¿la;qDr izkarh; vf/kfu;e la0 26] 1947À m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 10] 1950 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 6] 1952 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 18] 1952 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 6] 1954 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 2] 1955 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 19] 1957 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 15] 1960 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 3] 1961 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 33] 1961 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 9] 1962 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 20] 1963 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 10] 1965 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 20] 1966 jk"Vªifr vf/kfu;e la[;k 38] 1968 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 14] 1968 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 6] 1969 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 19] 1970 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 18] 1971 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 31] 1972 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 3] 1973 m0iz0vf/kfu;e la[;k 37] 1978 }kjk la”kksf/kr ¿;w0ih0 fo/kkulHkk us 5 twu] 1947 dks rFkk ;w0 ih0 fo/kku ifj’k~n us 16 flrEcj] 1947 dks ikfjr fd;k A xouZeasV vkQ bafM;k ,sDV] 1935 dh /kkjk 76 ds v/khu Mksehfu;u vkQ bafM;k ds xoZuj tujy dh Lohdf̀r 7 fnlEcj] 1947 dks izkIr gqbZ rFkk ;w0ih0 xouZesaV xtV eas fnukad 27 fnlEcj] 1947 dks izdkf”kr fd;k x;kAÀ la;qDr izkar ds xzkE; {ks=kas eas LFkkuh; Lok;Rr “kklu LFkkfir djus vkSj fodflr djus ds fy;s] vf/kfu;e ;g b’Vdj gS fd la;qDr izkar ds xzkE; {ks=ksa eas LFkkuh; Lok;Rr “kklu LFkkfir djus vkSj fodflr fd;k tk;s rFkk xzkE; iz”kklu vkSj fodkl ds fy;s vf/kd vPNh O;oLFkk dh tk;s] Hkwfedk vr% ,rn}kjk fuEufyf[kr vf/kfu;e cuk;k tkrk gS %&& 1- mnns”;ksa vkSj dkj.kksa ds fooj.k fnukad 8 vxLr] 1946 dk ljdkjh xtV ns[kas A 3 ¿la;qDr izkar iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 1&2À v/;k; 1 izkjfEHkd 1&&¼1½ ;g la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947 dgyk;sxkA laf{kIr uke ¼2½ ;g] foLrkj mRrj izns”k esa gksxk] flok; ml {ks= ds ¿mRrj izns”k uxj egkikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1959 ds mica/kksa ds v/khu uxj vFkokÀ 5 tks la;qDr izkUr E;wfulhiSfyVh ,sDV] 1916 ds mica/kkas ds v/khu E;wfulhiSfyVh ¿;kÀ 1 uksfVQkbM ,fj;k vFkok dSUVksuesUVl ,sDV] 1924 ds mica/kksa ds v/khu dSUVksuesUVl vFkok la;qDr izkar Vkmu ,fj;kt ,sDV] 1914 ds mica/kks ds v/khu Vkmu ,fj;k ds :Ik eas ?kksf’kr fd;k tk pqdk gks ;k mleas lfEefyr gS ;k ,rni”pkr~ ?kksf’kr ;k lfEefyr fd;k tk;sA la0izka0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1916 ,sDV la0 2] 1924 la0izka0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1914 ¿***À 6 ¼3½ ;g rqjUr izoR̀r gksxkA 2&&tc rd fo’k; ;k izlax eas dksbZ ckr fo:) u gks] bl vf/kfu;e esa && ifjHkk’kk,a ¼d½ ^^U;k; iapk;r** dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 42 ds v/khu LFkkfir U;k; iapk;r ls gS vkSj blds vUrxZr bldh U;k;ihB ls gS ( ¼[k½ ^^o;Ld** dk rkRi;Z ml O;fDr ls gS] ftlus ¿bDdhl o’kZ dh vk;q iw.kZ dj yh gksÀ 2 ( ¿¼[k [k½ fiNM+s oxksZa dk rkRi;Z mÙkj izns”k yksd lsok ¼vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj vU; fiNM+s oxksZa ds fy, vkj{k.k½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 dh vuqlwph ,d eas fofufnZ’V ukxfjdksa ds fiNM+s oxksZa ls gS(À +9 ¼x½ ¿^^vkijkf/kd okn**À 3 dk rkRi;Z U;k; iapk;r }kjk fopkj.kh; fdlh vijk/k ds laca/k eas nkafMd dk;Zokgh ls gS ¿vkSj blds vUrxZr /kkjk 53 ds vUrxZr dksbZ dk;Zokgh Hkh gSÀ 7 ( ¼?k½ ^^lfdZy** dk rkRi;Z ml lfdZy ls gS ftlds Hkhrj dksbZ U;k; iapk;r /kkjk 42 ds v/khu vf/kdkfjrk dk iz;ksx djrh gks ( ¼³½ fdlh ¿xzke lHkkÀ 8 ds vfHkns”k eas ^^dysDVj** vFkok ^^ftyk eftLVªsV** ;k ^^lc&fMohtuy eftLVªsV** dk rkRi;Z ;FkkfLFkfr ml ftys ds ;k ml lc fMohtu eftLVªsV** ls gS] ftlesa ,slh ¿xzke lHkkÀ 8 la?kfVr gks ¿vkSj mlds vUrxZr dze”k% vfrfjDr dysDVj] vfrfjDr ftyk eftLVªsV] vfrfjDr lc fMohtuy eftLVªsV Hkh gksxsa (À 4 ¿¼p½ ^^ftyk iapk;r** dk ogh rkRi;Z gksxk] tks mRrj izns”k {ks= iapk;r RkFkk ftyk iapk;r vf/kfu;e] 1961 dh /kkjk 2 ds [k.M ¼ii½ ds v/khu blds fy;s fn;k x;k gks ( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 2 ds [k.M 1 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 19] 1957 dh /kkjk 2 ¼1½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k vkSj lnSo ls c<+k;k x;k le>k tk;A 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 2 ¼d½ }kjk vUrfoZ’V A 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 2 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;k A 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼d½ }kjk vUrfoZ’V A 8- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3¼d½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 4 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 2À ¼N½ ^^xzke lHkk** dk rkRi;Z fdlh xzke iapk;r ds {ks= ds Hkhrj lekfo’V fdlh xzke dh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas jftLVªhdr̀ O;fDr;ksa ls xfBr vkSj /kkjk 3 ds v/khu LFkkfir fdlh fudk; ls gS ( ¼t½ ^^xzke iapk;r** dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 12 ds v/khu ¿la?kfVrÀ 9 xzke iapk;r ls gS (À 6 ¿¼tt½ foÙk vk;ksx dk rkRi;Z lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 348&> ds v/khu la?kfVr foÙk vk;ksx ls gS( ¼ttt½ {ks= iaapk;r* dk ogh rkRi;Z gksxk] tks mÙkj izns”k {ks= iapk;r rFkk ftyk iapk;r vf/kfu;e] 1961 dh /kkjk 2 ds [k.M ¼6½ ds v/khu blds fy, fn;k x;k gS(À 7 ¿¼>½ ^^fuokZpd jftLVªhdj.k vf/kdkjh** dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 9 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu bl :Ik eas uke&fufnZ’V ;k inkfHkfgr vf/kdkjh ls gS(À 3 ¼´½ ¿* * *À 1 ¿¼V½ fdlh U;k; iapk;r ds funsZ”k eas] ^^eqfUlQ** vkSj ^^U;kf;d eftLVsªV** dk rkRi;Z ;FkkfLFkfr ml eqfUlQ ;k eftLVsªV ls gS ftldh ,sls U;k; iapk;r ds lfdZy eas dze”k% flfoy ;k vkijkf/kd oknksa ds laca/k eas LFkkuh; vf/kdkfjrk gks(À 4 ¿¼VV½ ^^jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx** dk rkRi;Z lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&V eas fufnZ’V jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx ls gS( ¿¼VVV½ ^eq[; fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ¼iapk;r½* dk rkRi;Z jkT; ljdkj ds ,sls vf/kdkjh ls gS] ftls jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx }kjk] jkT; ljdkj ds ijke”kZ ls] bl :Ik eas inkfHkfgr ;k uke&fufnZ’V fd;k x;k gks(À 10 ¼B½ ^^tula[;k dk rkRi;Z ,slh vfUre iwoZorhZ tux.kuk eas vfHkfuf”pr dh xbZ tula[;k ls gS] ftlds lqlaxr vkadM+s izdkf”kr gks x, gSa ( ¼BB½ ^iapk;r {ks=^ dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 11&p dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu bl :Ik eas ?kksf’kr fdlh xzke iapk;r ds izknsf”kd {ks= ls gS(À 8 ¼M½ ¿***À 5 ¿¼MM½ ^^lkoZtfud lEifRr** vkSj ^^lkoZtfud Hkwfe** dk rkRi;Z fdlh ,sls lkoZtfud Hkou ikdZ ;k m|ku ;k vU; LFkku ls ftlesa pkgs Hkqxrku djds ;k vU;Fkk turk dh igq¡p rRle; gks vFkok igq¡pus dh vuqKk nh tkrh gks (À 2 m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 1] 1951 ¼<½ ^^yksd lHkk** dk rkRi;Z n.M lafgrk] 1860 dh /kkjk 21 ds v/khu ;FkkifjHkkf’kr yksd lsod ls gS ( 1860 dk ,sDV la0 45 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 3 ds mi[k.M 3 }kjk fudkyk x;k A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 3 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼?k½ }kjk fudkyk x;k A 6- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 3 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼x½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3¼?k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 29 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 10- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 5 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 2À ¼.k½ ^^lkoZtfud lM+d** dk rkRi;Z fdlh ekxZ] iqy xyh] pkSd] chfFkdk ;k iFk ls gS ftl ij turk dks vkus tkus dk vf/kdkj gks rFkk blds vUrxZr nksukas vksj dh ukfy;ka ;k ukys rFkk mlls feyh gqbZ fdlh lEifRr dks fu;e lhek rd dh Hkwfe Hkh gS Hkys gh ,slh Hkwfe ij fdlh cjkens ;k vU; vf/kjpuk dk dksbZ iz{ksi gks ¿fdUrq blds vUrxZr dksbZ ,slk ekxZ iqy xyh] pkSd] chfFkdk ;k iFk ugha gS tks jkT; ljdkj ;k dsUnzh; ljdkj ;k fdlh vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds LokfeRo eas gks ;k ftldk vuqj{k.k ;k ejEer muds }kjk fd;k tkrk gks (À 1 ¼r½ ^^fu;r** dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e ;k blds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;ekas }kjk fu;r ls gS ( ¿¼Fk½ ^^fu;r izkf/kdkjh** dk rkRi;Z fuEufyf[kr ls gS½ %&& ¼1½ ¿mRrj izns”k {ks= iapk;r RkFkk ftyk iapk;r vf/kfu;e] 1961À 10 dh vuqlwph 3 eas mfYyf[kr bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kks a ds mica/kksa ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s] ¿ftyk iapk;rÀ 9 ;k ¿{ks= iapk;rÀ 9 tSlk fd mDr vuqlwph ds LrEHk 3 eas fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;s ( rFkk ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh vU; mica/k ds laca/k eas] og izkf/kdkjh tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk pkgs lkekU;r;k ;k fdlh fo”ks’k iz;sktu ds fy;s bl :Ik eas vf/klwfpr fd;k tk;s (À 7 ¼n½ ¿ *** À 2 ¼/k½ ¿flfoy oknÀ 3 dk rkRi;Z U;k; iapk;r }kjk fopkjk.kh; flfoy okn ls gS ( ¿¼/k/k½ ^^lc fMohtuy** ds vUrxZr mi;qDr izkf/kdkjh }kjk ukeksfn’V ;k fu;qDr vfrfjDr lc fMfotuy vf/kdkjh Hkh gS(À 6 ¼u½ ^^xkao** dk rkRi;Z fdlh ,sls LFkkuh; {ks= ls gS] tks ml ftys ds ftleas og fLFkr gks] jktLo laca/kh vfHkys[kkas eas xkao ds :Ik eas vfHkfyf[kr gks ¿vkSj blds vUrxZr ,slk {ks= Hkh gS] ftls jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstukasa ds fufeRr ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk xkao ?kksf’kr djssaÀ 4 ( ¼i½ ¿ * * * À 5 ¼Q½ ¿ * * * À 5 ¼c½ ¿ * * * À 6 ¿¼Hk½ ^^Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefr** dk rkRi;Z ml Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefr ls gS] tks /kkjk 28&d ds v/khu LFkkfir dh xbZ gks ;k LFkkfir dh xbZ le>h tkrh gksAÀ 8 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk 6 }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk 7 }kjk fudkyk x;k A 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk 8 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk 9 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk 10 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 6- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 19] 1957 dh /kkjk 2 ¼2½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 7- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 33] 1961 dh vuqlwph 8 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 8- mi;qZDr dh vuqlwph 8 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 9- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 10- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3¼³½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 3&5dÀ v/;k; 2 ¿Xkzke lHkkÀ 1 dh LFkkiuk vkSj la?kVu ¿3&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] ljdkjh xtV eas vf/klwpuk }kjk] fdlh xzke ds fy, ;k xzkeksa ds lewg ds fy, ,d xzke lHkk] ,sls uke ls] tSlk fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;] LFkkfir djsxh% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tgka xzke lHkk xzkeksa ds lewg ds fy, LFkkfir dh tk; ogka lcls vf/kd tula[;k okys xzke dk u;k xzke lHkk ds uke ds :Ik eas fofufnZ’V fd;k tk,xkAÀ 2 xzke lHkk 4&& ¿***À 3 5&& ¿***À 3 ¿v/;k; 2&d xzke iapk;r ds lnL;ksa dh vugZrk vkSj fuokZpd ukekoyh bR;kfnÀ 4 ¿5&d&& dksbZ O;fDr] fdlh xzke iapk;r dk lnL; pqus tkus ds fy, vkSj lnL; gksus ds fy, vugZ gksxk] ;fn && xzke iapk;r dh lnL;rk ds fy;s vugZrk ¼d½ og jkT; ljdkj fo/kku e.My ds fuokZpuksa ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, rRle; izoÙ̀k fdlh fof/k }kjk ;k mlds v/khu vugZ gks % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd dksbZ O;fDr bl vk/kkj ij vugZ ugha gksxk fd og iPphl o’kZ ls de vk;s dk gS] ;fn mlus bDdhl o’kZ dh vk;q izkIr dj yh gks( ¼[k½ og xzke iapk;r ;k fdlh U;k; iapk;r dk oSrfud lsod gks( ¼x½ og fdl jkT; ljdkj ;k dsUnzh; ljdkj ;k ¿xzke iapk;r ;k U;k; iapk;r ls fHkUu] fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ;k fdlh jkT; ljdkj ;k dsUnzh; ljdkj ds LokfeRok/khu ;k fu;a=.kk/khu fdlh cksMZ] fudk; ;k fuxeÀ 5 ds v/khu ykHk dk dksbZ in /kkj.k djrk gks( ¼?k½ og fdlh jkT; ljdkj] dsUnzh; ljdkj ;k fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ;k fdlh U;k; iapk;r dh lsok ls nqjkpj.k ds dkj.k inP;qr dj fn;k x;k gks( ¼³½ ml ij ,slh vof/k ds fy,] tSlh fu;r dh tk;] xzke iapk;r] {ks= iapk;r ;k ftyk iapk;r dk dksbZ dj] Qhl] “kqYd ;k dksbZ vU; ns; cdk;k gks] ;k og xzke iapk;r] {ks= iapk;r ;k ftyk iapk;r ds v/khu dksbZ in /kkj.k djus ds dkj.k izkIr mlds fdlh vfHkys[k ;k lEifRr dks mls nsus eas] mlds }kjk ,slk fd, tkus dh vis{kk fd;s tkus ij Hkh] foQy jgk gks( ¼p½ og vuqUeksfpr fnokfy;k gks] ¼N½ og uSfrd v/kerk ds fdlh vijk/k ds fy, nks’kfl) Bgjk;k x;k gks( ¼t½ mls vko”;d oLrq vf/kfu;e] 1955 ds v/khu fn, x, fdlh vkns”k dk mYya?ku djus ds dkj.k rhu ekl ls vf/kd dh vof/k ds dkjkokl dk n.M fn;k x;k gks( 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 5 }kjk fujflrA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 6 }kjk v/;k; 2&d c<+k;k x;kA 5- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 21] 1998 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 5[k&6dÀ ¼>½ mls ,lsaf”k;y lIykbt ¼VsEiksjsjh ikolZ½ ,sDV] 1946 vFkok ;w0ih0 daVªksy vkQ lIykbZt ¼VsEiksjsjh ikolZ½ ,sDV] 1947 ds v/khu fn;s x;s fdlh vkns”k dk mYya?ku djus ds dkj.k N% ekl ls vf/kd dh vof/k ds dkjkokl dk ;k fuokZlu dk n.M fn;k x;k gkas] ¼¥½ mls la;qDr izkUr vkcdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1910 ds v/khu rhu ekl ls vf/kd dh vof/k ds dkjkokl dk n.M fn;k x;k gks( ¼V½ mls Lokid vkS’kf/k vkSj eu% izHkkoh inkFkZ vf/kfu;e] 1985 ds v/khu fdlh vijk/k ds fy;s nks’kfl) Bgjk;k x;k gks] ¼B½ mls fuokZpu lEcU/kh fdlh vijk/k ds fy;s nks’kfl) Bgjk;k x;k gks] ¼M½ mls la;qDr izkar lkekftd fu;ksZX;rkvkas dk fujkdj.k vf/kfu;e] 1947 ;k flfoy vf/kdkj laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1955 ds v/khu nks’kfl) Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k ¼<½ mls /kkjk 95 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼N½ ds mi[k.M ¼3½ ;k ¼4½ ds v/khu in ls gVk fn;k x;k gks] tc rd fd ,slh vof/k] tSlh fd mDr /kkjk eas bl fufeÙk O;oLFkk dh xbZ gks ;k ,slh U;wure vof/k] tSlh fd jkT; ljdkj us fdlh fo”ks’k ekeys eas vkns”k fn;k gks] O;rhr u gks xbZ gks % izfrca/k ;g gS fd [k.M ¼?k½] ¼p½] ¼N½] ¼t½] ¼>½] ¼´½] ¼V½] ¼B½ ;k ¼M½ ds v/khu vugZrk dh vof/k ,sls fnukad ls] ftls fu;r fd;k tk;] ikpa o’kZ gksxh % vxzÙkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;FkkfLFkfr cdk;ksa dk Hkqxrku dj fn, tkus ;k vfHkys[k ;k laifÙk ns fn, tkus ij [k.M ¼³½ ds v/khu vugZrk u jg tk,xh % izfrcU/k ;g Hkh gS fd izFke izfrcU/kkRed [k.M eas fufnZ’V fdUgha Hkh [k.Mksa ds v/khu vugZrk jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu;r jhfr ls gVkbZ tk ldrh gSAÀ 5 5&[k&& ¿ *** À 6 ¿6&& ¼1½ ¿xzke iapk;r dk dksbZ lnL;À 7 mldk lnL; ugha jg tk;sxk ;fn ml lnL; ls lacaf/kr izfof’V ¿xzke iapk;r ds izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= dh fuokZpd ukekoyhÀ 8 ls fudky nh tk;s AÀ 4 lnL;rk dk u jg tkuk ¿¼2½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 9 dk lnL; ugha jg tk;s] rks og fdlh ,sls in ij Hkh ftl ij og ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 9 dk lnL; gksus ds dkj.k fuokZfpr] uke&fufnZ’V vFkok fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks] cuk u jgsxkAÀ 1 ¿6&d&& ;fn ,slk dksbZ iz”u mBs fd dksbZ O;fDr ¿/kkjk 5&,À 3 ;k /kkjk 6 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa mfYyf[kr fdlh vugZrk dk Hkkxh gks x;k gS ;k rks ,slk iz”u fu;r izkf/kdkjh dks mlds fu.kZ; ds fy;s vfHkfnZ’V fd;k tk;sxk vkSj fdlh ,slh vihy] tks fu;r dh tk;s] ds ifj.kke ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] vfUre gksxk AÀ 2 vugZrk laca/kh iz”u dk fu.kZ; 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 2 o’kZ 1955 dh /kkjk 7 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 8 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 19] 1957 dh /kkjk 3 ¼2½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 38] 1968 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk izfrLFkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 7 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 8 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 9¼d½ ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 9¼d½¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 9¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 8 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 7&8À 7&& ¿ * * * À 1 ¿7&d&& ¼d½ tgk¡ 3 tqykbZ] 1989 dks fo|eku fdlh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 esa efgyk lnL;vksa dh la[;k] pkgs fuokZfpr ;k lg;ksftr gks] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds fy, fu;r lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds rhl izfr”kr ls de gks] ogka ¿xzke lHkkÀ 4 ds lnL;x.k vuqiwjd fuokZpu esa] tks ,sls fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ ;Fkk”kh?kz gksxk] viuh efgyk lnL;ksa esa ls mruh efgyk lnL;kvksa dks fuokZfpr djsaxs] ftruh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds fy, fu;r lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds rhl izfr”kr ls de gks vkSj rnqijkUr ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds la?kVu esa ml lhek rd ifjorZu gks tk;sxk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,sls vuqiwjd fuokZpu esa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh efgykvksa ds fy, mrus LFkku vkjf{kr j[ks tk;saxs] ftrus vuqiwjd fuokZpu esa Hkjs tkus okys LFkkuksa dh dqy la[;k ls ;FkklEHko ogh vuqikr gksxk] tks ¿xzke lHkkÀ 4 ds {ks= esa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh tula[;k dk ,sls {ks= dh dqy tula[;k ls gks % vxzÙkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tgka fdlh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 esa vuqlwfpr tkfr dh dksbZ efgyk lnL;] pkgs fuokZfpr ;k lg;ksftr gks] ugha gS] ogka iwoZorhZ izfrcU/kkRed [k.M ds v/khu vkj{k.k ,sls fd;k tk;xk] ftlls fd de ls de ,d LFkku vuqlwfpr tkfr dh efgyk ds fy, vkjf{kr gksA ¼[k½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds fy, fu;r lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds rhl izfr”kr ds cjkcj efgyk lnL;kvksa dh x.kuk djus ds iz;kstukFkZ] vk/ks ;k mlls de dh fdlh fHkUUk dks NksM+ fn;k tk;xk vkSj vk/ks ls vf/kd dh fHkUUk dks ,d fxuk tk;xk( ¼x½ yksd izfrfuf/kRo vf/kfu;e] 1950 ds v/khu rS;kj dh xbZ lHkk fuokZpu {ks= dh fuokZpd ukekoyh] tSlh og vuqiwjd fuokZpu ds fy, uke&funsZ”ku djus ds fy, vfUre fnukad dks izoÙ̀k gks] tgka rd mldk lEcU/k fdlh ¿xkao lHkkÀ 4 ds {ks= ls gS] ml ¿xkao lHkkÀ 4 ds fy, fuokZpd ukekoyh le>h tk;xh vkSj /kkjk 9&d] 12&d] 12&[k[k] 12&[k x] 12&[k ?k] 12&x vkSj 12&¥ ds micU/k ,sls vuqiwjd fuokZpu ij ;Fkko”;d ifjorZu lfgr mlh izdkj ykxw gksaxs] ftl izdkj ¿xkoa iapk;rÀ 4 ds lnL;ksa ds lk/kkj.k fuokZpu ij ykxw gksrs gSa( ¼?k½ ;fn bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vuqiwjd fuokZpu djus esa bl vf/kfu;e ;k rn~/khu cuk, x, fdlh fu;e ds fdlh micU/k ds fuokZpu esa ;k fdlh ,sls fo’k; ds lEcU/k esa] ftldh O;oLFkk bl vf/kfu;e ;k rn~/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa esa u dh xbZ gks] dksbZ dfBukbZ mRiUu gks rks jkT; ljdkj dfBukbZ dks nwj djus ds fy, ,sls vkns”k] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ls vlaxr u gksa vkSj ftls og mfpr le>s] ns ldrh gSAÀ 3 8&& ;fn fdlh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 dk lEiw.kZ {ks= fdlh ¿uxj] E;qfulhiSfyVhÀ 2 ] uksfVQkbM ,fj;k vFkok dSUVksuesUVl ;k Vkmu ,fj;k eas lfEefyr dj fy;k tk;s] rks ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 u jg tk;sxh vkSj mldh ifjlEifRr rFkk nkf;Ro fu;r jhfr ls fuLrkfjr fd;s tk;sxsaA ;fn ,sls {ks= dk dksbZ Hkkx bl izdkj lfEefyr dj fy;k tk;s rks mruk Hkkx vf/kdkfjrk eas ls de gks tk;sxkA tula[;k eas ifjorZu vFkok ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds {ks= dh E;wfulhiSfyVht vkfn essa lfEefyr gks tkus dk izHkko 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 2 o’kZ 1955 dh /kkjk 9 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkfir 3- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1989 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 3 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 10 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 9À 1 ¿9&& ¼1½ xzke iapk;r ds izR;sd izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= ds fy, ,d fuokZpd ukekoyh] ¿bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa vkSj mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ds vuqlkj]À 2 jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx ds v/kh{k.k] funs”ku vkSj fu;a=.k ds v/khu rS;kj dh tk,xhA izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= ds fy, fuokZpd ukekoyh ¿¼1&d½ jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx ds v/kh{k.k] funs”ku vkSj fu;a=.k ds v/khu jgrs gq,] eq[; fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ¼iapk;r½ bl vf/kfu;e vkSj blds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ds vuqlkj jkT; eas fuokZpd ukekofy;ksa ds rS;kj fd, tkus] iqujh{k.k vkSj “kqf) dk Ik;Zos{k.k vkSj muls lacaf/kr leLr dR̀;ksa dk lEiknu djsxkA ¼1&[k½ fuokZpd ukekofy;ksa dk rS;kj fd;k tkuk] iqujh{k.k vkSj “kqf) ,sls O;fDr;ksa }kjk vkSj ,slh jhfr ls dh tk;sxh] tSlh fu;r dh tk;AÀ 3 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ eas fufnZ’V fuokZpd ukekoyh fu;r jhfr ls izdkf”kr dh tk,xh vkSj izdkf”kr dj fn, tkus ij og bl ¿bl vf/kfu;e vkSj blds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ds vuqlkj]À 4 fdlh ifjorZu] ifjo)Zu ;k ifj’dkj ds v/khu jgrs gq,] bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj rS;kj dh xbZ ml izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= dh fuokZpd ukekoyh gksxhA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼4½] ¼5½] ¼6½ vkSj ¼7½ ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] izR;sd O;fDr] ftlus ml o’kZ dh] ftleas fuokZpd ukekoyh rS;kj ;k iqujhf{kr dh tk;] igyh tuojh dks 18 o’kZ dh vk;q iwjh dj yh gks vkSj tks xzke iapk;r ds fdlh izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= eas ekewyh rkSj ls fuoklh gks] ml izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= dh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas jftLVªhdj.k dk gdnkj gksxkA Li’Vhdj.k && ¼,d½ fdlh O;fDr ds laca/k eas dsoy blh dkj.k fd fdlh izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= eas mldk fdlh fuokl&x̀g ij LokfeRo ;k dCtk gS] ;g u le> fy;k tk,xk fd og ml izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= eas ekewyh rkSj ls fuoklh gSA ¼nks½ vius ekewyh fuokl LFkku ls vius vkidks vLFkk;h :Ik ls vuqifLFkr j[kus okys O;fDr ds lEcU/k eas dsoy blh dkj.k ;g u le>k tk;xk fd og ogka ekewyh rkSj ls fuoklh ugha jgkA ¼rhu½ laln ;k jkT; ds fo/kku e.My dk lnL;] ,sls lnL; ds :Ik eas vius drZO;ksa ds lEcU/k eas fdlh izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= ls vuqifLFkr jgus ds dkj.k] viuh inkof/k ds nkSjku ml {ks= dk ekewyh rkSj ls fuoklh gksus ls ifjfojr ugha le>k tk,xkA ¼pkj½ ;g fofu”p; djus ds fy, fd fdu O;fDr;ksa dks fdlh lqlaxr le; ij fdlh fof”k’V {ks= dk ekewyh rkSj ls fuoklh le>k tk; ;k u le>k tk; fdUgha rF;ksa ij] ftUgsa fu;r fd;k tk;] fopkj fd;k tk,xkA ¼ikap½ ;fn fdlh ekeys eas ;g iz”u mBs fd fdlh lqlaxr le; ij dksbZ O;fDr ekewyh rkSj ls dgka dk fuoklh gS rks ml iz”u dk vo/kkj.k ekeys ds lHkh rF;ksa ds funsZ”k eas fd;k tk,xkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 11 }kjk izfrLFkkfir rFkk /kkjk 9&d c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 4 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 ¼[k½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 10 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 9À ¼4½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, vugZ gksxk] ;fn og && ¼d½ Hkkjr dk ukxfjd u gks( ;k ¼[k½ fodr̀ fpÙk gks vkSj mlds ,slk gksus dh fdlh l{ke U;k;ky; dh ?kks’k.kk fo|eku gks] ;k ¼x½ fuokZpuksa lEcU/kh Hkz’V vkpj.k vkSj vU; vijk/kksa ls lEcfU/kr fdlh fof/k ds micU/kksa ds v/khu er nsus ds fy, rRle; vugZ gksA ¼5½ tks O;fDr jftLVªhdj.k ds Ik”pkr~ mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds v/khu vugZ gks tk;] mldk uke ml fuokZpd ukekoyh ls rRdky dkV fn;k tk;xk] ftleas og ntZ gS % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,sls O;fDr ds uke dks] tks ,slh fdlh vugZrk ds dkj.k fuokZpd ukekoyh ls dkV fn;k x;k gks] ml ukekoyh eas rRdky fQj ls j[k fn;k tk;xk ;fn ,slh vugZrk ml vof/k ds nkSjku] ftleas ,slh ukekoyh izoÙ̀k jgrh gS] fdlh ,slh fof/k ds v/khu gVk nh tkrh gS] tks ,slk gVkuk izkf/kdr̀ djrh gSA ¼6½ dksbZ O;fDr ,d ls vf/kd xkao lHkk dh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas ;k ,d gh xkao lHkk dh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas ,d ls vf/kd ckj jftLVªhdj.k dk gdnkj u gksxkA ¼7½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh xkao lHkk dh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas jftLVªhdj.k dkgdnkj ugha gksxk] ;fn mldk uke fdlh uxj] E;wfufliSfyVh ;k Nkouh ls lEcfU/kr fuokZpd ukekoyh eas ntZ gks tc rd fd og ;g iznf”kZr u djs fd mldk uke ,slh fuokZpd ukekoyh ls dkV fn;k x;k gSA ¼8½ tgka jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx dk] pkgs mldks fn, x, fdlh vkosnu&i= ij ;k Loizsj.kk ls ,slh tkap] ftls og mfpr le>s] djus ds Ik”pkr~ ;g lek/kku gks tk, fd fuokZpd ukekoyh dh dksbZ izfof’V lq/kkjh ;k fu’dkflr dh tkuh pkfg, ;k jftLVªhdj.k ds gdnkj fdlh O;fDr dk uke fuokZpd ukekoyh eas ifjof)Zr fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ogka og bl vf/kfu;e vkSj blds vUrxZr cuk, x, fu;eksa vkSj vkns”kksa ds v/khu] fdlh izfof’V dk ;FkkfLFkfr lq/kkj] fu’dklu ;k ifjo)Zu djsxk && izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slk dksbZ lq/kkj] fu’dklu ;k ifjo)Zu xzke iapk;r ds fdlh fuokZpu ds fy, ukekadu nsus ds vafre fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ vkSj ml fuokZpu ds iw.kZ gksus ds iwoZ ugha fd;k tk;xk % vxzÙkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh O;fDr ls lEcfU/kr izfof’V dk ,slk dksbZ lq/kkj ;k fu’dklu] tks mlds fgr ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkyus okyk gks] mls mlds fo:) izLrkfor dk;zokgh ds lEcU/k eas lquokbZ dk leqfpr volj fn, fcuk ugha fd;k tk,xkA ¼9½ jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx] ;fn og lkekU; ;k mi fuokZpu ds iz;kstu ds fy, ,slk djuk vko”;d le>s] fdlh xzke iapk;r ds fdlh izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= dh fuokZpd ukekoyh dk ,slh jhfr ls] ftls og mfpr le>s] fo”ks’k iqujh{k.k djus dk funs”k ns ldrk gS % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl vf/kfu;e ds vU; micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= dh fuokZpd ukekoyh] tSlh fd og dksbZ ,slk funs”k fn, tkus ds le; izoÙ̀k gks] izoÙ̀k cuh jgsxh tc rd fd bl izdkj funsf”kr fo”ks’k iqujh{k.k iwjk u gks tk,A 11 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 9À ¼10½ ¿tgka rd fd bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eksa }kjk micU/k u fd;k x;k gks] jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx]À 1 vkns”k }kjk fuokZpd ukekoyh ls lEcfU/kr fuEufyf[kr fo’k;ksa ds lEcU/k eas micU/k cuk ldrk gS] vFkkZr~ %& ¼d½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu rS;kj dh xbZ fuokZpd ukekoyh ds izoÙ̀k gksus ds fnukad vkSj mlds izorZu dh vof/k( ¼[k½ fuokZpd ukekoyh eas lEc) fuokZpd ds vkosnu&i= ij fdlh orZeku izfof’V dh “kqf)( ¼x½ fuokZpd ukekofy;ksa eas fyfidh; ;k eqnz.k lEcU/kh =qfV;ksa dh “kqf)( ¼?k½ fuokZpd ukekoyh eas fdlh ,sls O;fDr dk uke lfEEkfyr djuk& ¼,d½ ftldk uke izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= ls lEcfU/kr {ks= dh fo/kku lHkk fuokZpd ukekoyh eas lfEefyr gks fdUrq izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= dh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas lfEefyr u gks ;k ftldk uke fdlh vU; izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= dh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas xyrh ls lfEefyr fd;k x;k gks] ;k ¼nks½ ftldk uke bl izdkj dh fo/kku lHkk fuokZpd ukekoyh eas lfEefyr u gks fdUrq tks izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= dh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, vU;Fkk vgZ gks( ¼³½ fuokZpd ukekofy;ksa dh vfHkj{kk vkSj mudk ifjj{k.k( ¼p½ uke lfEefyr djus ;k gVkus ds fy, vkosnu&i= ij ns; Qhl( ¼N½ fuokZpd ukekofy;ka rS;kj vkSj izdkf”kr djus ls lEcfU/kr lkekU;rk;k lHkh fo’k;A ¼11½ iwoZxkeh mi/kkjkvksa eas nh xbZ fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] jkT; fuokZpu] vk;ksx fdlh izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= ds fy, fuokZpd ukekoyh rS;kj djus ds iz;kstuksa ds fy,] RkRle; izoÙ̀k yksd izfrfuf/kRo vf/kfu;e] 1950 ds v/khu fo/kku lHkk fuokZpu {ks= ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ fuokZpd ukekoyh dks viuk ldrk gS] tgk¡ rd mldk lEcU/k ml izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= ds {ks= ls gks% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,sls izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= ds fy, fuokZpd ukekoyh eas ,sls fuokZpu {ks= ds fuokZpu ds uke&funZs”ku ds vfUre fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ vkSj ml fuokZpu ds iwjk gksus ds iwoZ] fdlh la”kks/ku] ifjorZu ;k “kqf) dks lfEefyr ugha fd;k tk,xkA ¼12½ fdlh flfoy U;k;ky; dks fuEufyf[kr dh vf/kdkfjrk u gksxh && ¼d½ bl iz”u dks xzg.k djuk ;k ml ij fu.kZ; nsuk fd dksbZ O;fDr fdlh izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= dh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, gdnkj gS ;k ugha( ;k ¼[k½ fuokZpd ukekoyh ds rS;kj djus vkSj izdk”ku ds lEcU/k eas jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx }kjk ;k mlds izkf/kdkj ds v/khu dh xbZ fdlh dk;Zokgh ¿;k bl fufeÙk fu;qDr fd, x, fdlh izkf/kdkjh ;k vf/kdkjh }kjk fd, x, fdlh fofu”p;À 2 dh oS/krk ij vkifÙk djukA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 4 ¼?k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 ¼³½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 12 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 9d&11À 9&d&& bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k mlds v/khu vU;Fkk micfU/kr ds flok; izR;sd O;fDr] ftldk uke fdlh ¿xzke iapk;r ds fdlhÀ 6 izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks=ksa dh fuokZpd ukekoyh eas rRle; lfEefyr gks] ¿ml xzke iapk;r ;k lacaf/kr U;k; iapk;rÀ 7 eas fdlh fuokZpu eas er nsus dk gdnkj gksxk vkSj mleas fdlh in ij fuokZpu] uke&funsZ”ku ;k fu;qfDr fd, tkus ds fy, ik= gksxk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd dksbZ O;fDRk] ftlus bDdhl o’kZ dh vk;q iwjh u dj yh gks] fdlh xzke iapk;r ds lnL; ;k inkf/kdkjh ds :Ik eas fuokZfpr gksus ds fy, vgZ ugha gksxkAÀ 3 er nsus bR;kfn dk vf/kdkj 10&& ;fn dksbZ ¿xzke lHkkÀ 2 LFkkfir djus eas ;k fdlh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 2 ds dk;Zdj.k esa bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh mica/k ds ;k blds v/khu cuk;s fdlh fu;e ds fuoZpu vFkok ,sls fuoZpu ls ;k mlds laca/k eas mRiUu gksus okys fdlh fo’k; ds laca/k eas ftlds fy;s bl vf/kfu;e esa O;oLFkk u gksa] dksbZ fookn ;k dfBukbZ mRiUu gks rks mls jkT; ljdkj dks vfHkfn”V fd;k tk;sxk] ftldk ml ij fn;k x;k fu.kZ; vfUre vkSj fu”pk;d gksxkA ¿xzke lHkkÀ 2 LFkkfir djus vkSj ¿xzke iapk;eÀ 2 ds dk;Zdj.k eas mRiUu gksus okyh dfBukbZ dk nwj fd;k tkuk v/;k; 3 ¿xzke lHkkÀ 2 & mldh cSBdsa rFkk dR̀; ¿11&& ¼1½ izR;sd ¿xzke lHkkÀ 2 dh izfro’kZ nks lkekU; cSBdas gksxh] ,d cSBd [kjhQ dh Qly dkVus ds rqjUr ckn ¼tks ,rn~Ik”pkr [kjhQ dh cSBd dgh tk;sxh½ vkSj nwljh jch dh Qly dkVus ds rqjUr ckn ¿ftudh v/;{krk lEcfU/kr xzke iapk;r ds iz/kku }kjk dh tk,xhÀ 5 % ¿xzke lHkk dh cSBdas vkSj d`R;À 4 izfrca/k ;g gS fd fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk fyf[kr :Ik ls ekax fd;s tkus ij vFkok lnL;ks dh la[;k ds de ls de ,d cVk ikap dh ekax ij] ,slh ekax ds fnukad ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj fdlh Hkh le; ,d vlk/kkj.k lkekU; cSBd cqyk ldrk gSA ¿xzke lHkkÀ 2 dh leLr cSBd dk le; vkSj LFkku fu;r jhfr ls izdkf”kr fd;k tk;sxk % vxzsrj izfrca/k ;g gS fd iz/kku ;Fkk iwoksZDr cSBd cqykus esa pwd djs rks fu;r izkf/kdkjh fu;r dh tkus okyh vof/k ds Hkhrj ,slh cSBdsa cqyk ldrh gS A ¼2½ ¿xzke lHkkÀ 2 dh fdlh cSBd ds fy;s x.kiwfrZ dh la[;k lnL;ksa dh la[;k dh ,d cVk ikap gksxh] fdUrq izfrca/k ;g gS fd x.kiwfrZ ds vHkko esa LFkfxr dh x;h fdlh cSBd ds fy;s x.kiwfrZ dh vko”;drk u gksxhAÀ 1 ¿¼3½ xzke lHkk fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa ij fopkj djsxh vkSj xzke iapk;r dks flQkfj”k vkSj lq>ko ns ldrh gS %&& ¼d½ xzke iapk;r ds [kkrksa dk okf’kZd fooj.k] iwoZorhZ foÙkh; o’kZ dh iz”kklu dh fjiksVZ vkSj vfUre ys[kk ijh{kk fVIIk.kh vkSj ml ij fn, x,] mÙkj] ;fn dksbZ gks( ¼[k½ iwoZorhZ o’kZ ls lEcfU/kr xzke iapk;r ds fodkl dk;Zdzeksa vkSj pkyw foÙkh; o’kZ ds nkSjku fy, tkus ds fy, izLrkfor fodkl dk;Zdzeksa dh fjiksVZ( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1955 dh /kkjk 11 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 11 }kjk izfrLFkkfir rFkk /kkjk 9&d c<+k;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 12 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 12 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 5 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 5 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 13 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 11 dÀ ¼x½ xzke eas lekt ds lHkh oxksZa ds chp ,drk vkSj leUo; dh vfHkof̀)( ¼?k½ xzke ds Hkhrj izkS<+ f”k{kk dk dk;Zdze( ¼³½ ,sls vU; ekeys] tSls fu;r fd, tk,aA ¼4½ xzke iapk;r xzke lHkk dh flQkfj”kksa vkSj lq>koksa ij lE;d fopkj djsxhA ¼5½ xzke lHkk fuEufyf[kr dR̀;kas dk lEiknu djsxh] vFkkZr~ %& ¼d½ lkeqnkf;r dY;k.k dk;Zdzeksa ds fy, LoSfPNd Je vkSj va”knku tqVkuk( ¼[k½ xzke ls lEcfU/kr fodkl ;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, fgrkf/kdkjh dh igpku( ¼x½ xzke ls lEcfU/kr fodkl ;kstukvksa ds fdz;kUo;u eas lgk;rk igqapkukAÀ 1 ¿v/;k; 3&d xzke iapk;rÀ 2 ¿11&d&& xzke iapk;r dk ,d iz/kku vkSj ,d miiz/kku gksxk] tks dze”k% mlds v/;{k vkSj mik/;{k gksaxsA xzke iapk;r dk iz/kku vkSj miiz/kku ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] vkns”k }kjk] iz/kku ds inksa dks vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj fiNM+s oxksZa ds fy, vkjf{kr djsxh % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd jkT; eas vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj fiNM+s oxksZa ds fy, vkjf{kr iz/kkuksa ds inksa dh la[;k dk vuqikr iz/kkuksa dh dqy la[;k ls ;Fkk”kD; ogh gksxk] tks jkT; dh vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh ;k jkT; dh vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dh ;k jkT; ds fiNM+s oxksZa dh tula[;k dk vuqikr jkT; dh dqy tula[;k ls gS( vxzÙkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fiNM+s oxksZa ds fy, vkj{k.k iz/kkuksa ds inksa dh dqy la[;k ds ¿pkSngÀ 5 izfr”kr ls vf/kd ugha gksxk % ¿izfrcU/k ;g Hkh gS fd ;fn fiNM+s oxksZa dh tula[;k ds vk¡dMsa miyC/k u gksa rks fu;r jhfr ls losZ{k.k djds mudh tula[;k vo/kkfjr dh tk ldrh gSAÀ 4 ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu vkjf{kr iz/kkuksa ds inksa dh dqy la[;k ds ¿vk/ks ls vU;wuÀ 6 in ;FkkfLFkfr]] vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj fiNM+s oxksZa dh efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr gksaxsA ¼4½ iz/kkuksa ds inksa dh dqy la[;k ds ¿vk/ks ls vU;wuÀ 6 in] ftleas mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu vkjf{kr iz/kkuksa ds inksa dh la[;k lfEefyr gS] efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr gksaxsA ¼5½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu vkjf{kr iz/kkuksa ds in fHkUu&fHkUu xzke iapk;rksa eas pdzkuqdze }kjk ,sls dze eas] tSlk fu;r gks] vkoafVr fd, tk;saxsA ¼6½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds fy, iz/kkuksa ds inksa dk vkj{k.k lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 334 eas fofufnZ’V vof/k dh lekfIr ij izHkkoh ugha jgsxkA Li’Vhdj.k&& ;g Li’V fd;k tkrk gS fd bl /kkjk eas dksbZ ckr vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa] fiNM+s oxksZa ds O;fDr;ksa vkSj efgykvksa dks vukjf{kr LFkkuksa ls fuokZpu yM+us ls ugha jksdsxhAÀ 3 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 12 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 13 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 14 }kjk izfrLFkkfirkA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 30 o’kZ 2005 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 07 o’kZ 2008 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 14 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 11[k&11xÀ ¿11&[k&& ¼1½ xzke iz/kku dk iz/kku] fdlh iapk;r {ks= ds izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= ds fy, fuokZpd fu;ekoyh eas jftLVªhdr̀ O;fDr;ksa }kjk] vius eas ls] fuokZfpr fd;k tk,xkA iz/kku dk fuokZpu rFkk dk;Zdky ¼2½ ;fn fdlh xzke iapk;r ds lkekU; fuokZpu eas] iz/kku dk fuokZpu ugha fd;k tkrk gS vkSj xzke iapk;r ds dqy lnL;ksa dh la[;k ds nks&frgkbZ ls de lnL; fuokZfpr fd, tkrs gSa rks jkT; ljdkj ;k blds }kjk rnFkZ izkf/kdr̀ dksbZ vf/kdkjh] vkns”k }kjk ;k rks && ¼,d½ iz”kklfud lfefr] ftleas xzke iapk;r ds lnL;ksa ds :Ik eas fuokZfpr fd, tkus ds fy,] ,slh la[;k eas] tSlh og mfpr le>s] vgZ O;fDr gksaxs] ;k ¼nks½ iz”kkld fu;qDr dj ldrk gSA ¼3½ iz”kklfud lfefr ds lnL; ;k iz”kkld N% ekg ls vuf/kd ,slh vof/k ds fy,] tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj] mi/kkjk ¼2½ eas fufnZ’V vkns”k eas fofufnZ’V djs] in /kkj.k djsxkA ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu iz”kklfud lfefr ;k iz”kkld dh fu;qfDr ij ,slh fu;qfDr ds iwoZ xzke iapk;r ds iz/kku ;k lnL; ds :Ik eas pqus ,x O;fDr] ;fn dksbZ gks] ,sls iz/kku ;k ;FkkfLFkfr lnL; ugha jg tk;saxs vkSj xzke iapk;r] blds iz/kku vkSj lfefr;ksa dh leLr “kfDr;ka] dR̀; vkSj drZO; ,slh iz”kklfud lfefr ;k iz”kkld eas fufgr gksaxs vkSj muds }kjk mudk iz;ksx] lEiknu vkSj fuoZgu fd;k tk;xkA ¼5½ bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, iz”kklfud lfefr dk iz”kkld lE;d :Ik ls la?kfVr xzke iapk;r le>h tk,xh % izfrca/k ;g gS fd mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu iz”kklfud lfefr ;k iz”kkld dh fu;qfDr ds Ik”pkr~ ;fn fdlh le; jkT; ljdkj dk ;g le/kku gks tk; fd xzke iapk;r ds lE;d :Ik ls la?kfVr fd, tkus eas dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha gS] jkT; ljdkj bl ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh fd ftl vof/k ds fy, iz”kklfud lfefr ;k iz”kkld fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk] lekIr ugha gqbZ gS] jkT; pquko vk;ksx dks xzke iapk;r la?kfVr djus ds fy, fuokZpu djkus dk funs”k ns ldrh gSA ¼6½ bl vf/kfu;e eas vU;Fkk micfU/kr ds flok;] iz/kku dh inkof/k xzke iapk;r ds dk;Zdky ds lkFk lekIr gksxhAÀ 2 ¿11&x&& ¼1½ miiz/kku ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 1 ds lnL;kas }kjk vius lnL;kas essa ls ,slh jhfr ls fuokZfpr fd;k tk;sxk tks fu;r dh tk;s ( miiz/kku dk fuokZpu vksSj mldk dk;Zdky izfrca/k ;g gS fd ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 1 rnFkZ fu;eksa }kjk ;k muds v/khu fu;r le; ds Hkhrj miiz/kku dks bl izdkj fuokZfpr djus esa pwd djs rks fu;r izkf/kdkjh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 1 ds fdlh lnL; dks miiz/kku ukefufnZ’V dj ldrk gS] vkSj bl izdkj uke fufnZ’V O;fDr lE;d :Ik ls fuokZfpr fd;k x;k le>k tk;sxk A ¼2½ miiz/kku dk dk;Zdky pkgs og mRrj izns”k xzkE; Lok;Rr “kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1972 ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ vFkok Ik”pkr~ fuokZfpr ;k uke fufnZ’V gqvk gks] ;FkkfLFkfr mlds fuokZpu ;k uke funsZ”ku ds fnukad ls izkjEHk gksxk] vkSj tc rd og mls bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu vU;Fkk lekIr u dj fn;k tk;s] ¿xzke iaapk;rÀ 1 ds dk;Zdky ds lkFk lekIr gksxk A ¼3½ ¿***À 3 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 15 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 13 o’kZ 2006 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 15 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 11?k&11pÀ ¿11&?k&& dksbZ O;fDr ,d lkFk gks && dfri; inksa dks ,d lkFk /kkj.k djus dk izfrcU/k ¼d½ xzke iapk;r dk iz/kku vkSj U;k; iapk;r dk iap u gksxk( ;k ¼[k½ ,d ls vf/kd izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks=ksa ls xzke iapk;r dk lnL; u gksxk( ¼x½ xzke iapk;r dk lnL; vkSj U;k; iapk;r dk iap u gksxk( ;k ¼?k½ ,d ls vf/kd xzke iapk;rkas ;k U;k; iapk;rksa eas dksbZ in /kkj.k u djsxk( vkSj fdlh O;fDr }kjk] tks ,sls inkas dks Hkjus ds fy;s pquk x;k gks] ftUgsa og ,d lkFk /kkj.k u dj ldrk gks] ,d ds vfrfjDr lHkh inkas dks fjDr fd;s tkus dh O;oLFkk fu;ekas dh tk ldrh gS A 11&³ && ¼1½ dksbZ O;fDr xzke iapk;r dk iz/kku ;k lnL; ;k U;k; iapk;r dk iap fuokZfpr gksus ;k ,slk in /kkj.k djus ds fy;s vugZ gksxk] ;fn og&& ,d lkFk nks in /kkj.k djus ij vxzsrj jksd ¼d½ laln dk ;k jkT; fo/kku eaMy dk lnL; gS] ;k ¿¼[k½ fdlh {ks= iapk;r dk lnL;] izeq[k ;k miizeq[k gS ( ;k ¼x½ fdlh ftyk iapk;r dk lnL;] v/;{k ;k mik/;{k gS( ;kÀ 1 ¼?k½ fdlh lgdkjh lfefr dk v/;{k ;k mik/;{k gSA ¼2½ dksbZ O;fDr] ;fn ckn esa mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ls ¼?k½ esa mfYyf[kr fdlh in ij fuokZfpr gksrk gS] rks og ,sls vuqorhZ fuokZpu ds fnukad ls] ;FkkfLFkfr xzke iapk;r ds iz/kku ;k lnL; ;k U;k; iapk;r ds iap ds in ij ugha jg tk;sxk vkSj rnqijkUr ;FkkfLFkfr] ,sls iz/kku] lnL; ;k iap ds in esa vkdfLed fjfDr gks tk;sxhA ¿¼3½ bl vf/kfu;e eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] mÙkj izns”k iapk;r fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds Ik”pkr~~ xzke] [k.M vkSj ftyk Lrj dh iapk;rksa dks la?kfVr djus ds fy, gq, izFke fuokZpuksa eas ;fn dksbZ O;fDr nks ;k vf/kd Lrjksa dh iapk;rksa dk lnL; pquk tkrk gS rks og fuokZpuksa ds ifj.kkeksa dh ?kks’k.kk ds fnukad ls lkB fnu ds Hkhrj ;k ;fn mDr nks ;k vf/kd Lrj dh iapk;rksa ds lEcU/k eas fuokZpuksa ds ifj.kkksa dh ?kks’k.kk fHkUu&fHkUu fnukadksa dks dh xbZ gS rks vfUre ?kks’k.kk ds fnukad ls lkB fnu ds Hkhrj ,d LFkku dks NksM+dj vU; lHkk LFkkuksa ls viuk R;kx&i= izLrqr djsxk vkSj bl rjg ls R;kx&i= izLrqr djus eas foQy jgus dh fLFkfr eas] ftu Lrjksa dh iapk;rksa ds fy, og fuokZfpr gqvk gS mueas ls loksZPp Lrj dh iapk;r eas mlds LFkku dks nksM+dj vU; lHkh iapk;rksa eas mldk LFkku fjDr le>k tk;sxkAÀ 2 ¿11&p&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy,] vf/klwpuk }kjk fdlh xzke ;k xzkeksa ds lewg] ftudh tula[;k jkT; ds ioZrh; {ks=ksa esa ;Fkklk/; 300 rFkk eSnkuh {ks=ksa esa ;Fkklk/; 1000 gks] eas lekfo’V fdlh {ks= dks ,sls uke ls] tSlk fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;s] ^iapk;r {ks=* ?kksf’kr dj ldrh gS % ^iapk;r {ks=* dh ?kks’k.kk izfrcU/k ;g gS fd jkT; ds ioZrh; {ks= esa vf/kdre tula[;k ;Fkklk/; 1000 rFkk eSnkjh {ks=ksa esa ;Fkklk/; 5000 ls vf/kd ugha gksxh % vxzsÙkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh jktLo xzke ;k mlds fdlh etjs dks ^iapk;r {ks=* dh ?kks’k.kk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, foHkkftr ugha fd;k tk;xk % 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 29 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 3 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼[k½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 16 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 12À izfrcU/k ;g Hkh gS fd ;fn O;ogkfjd nf̀’V ls mDr izfrcU/kksa dk ikyu fd;k tkuk lEHko u gks rks vifjdk;Z ,oa fof”k’V ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] jkT; ljdkj vkns”k }kjk izfrcU/k f”kfFky dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] lacaf/kr xzke iapk;r ds vuqjks/k ij ;k vU;Fkk vkSj izLrko ds iwoZ izdk”ku ds Ik”Pkkr~ vf/klwpuk }kjk] fdlh Hkh le;&& ¼d½ fdlh iapk;r {ks= eas fdlh xzke ;k xzkeksa ds lewg dks lfEefyr djds ;k mlls fudkydj] ifj’dkj dj ldrh gS( ¼[k½ iapk;r {ks= ds uke eas ifjorZu dj ldrh gS( ;k ¼x½ ;g ?kks’k.kk dj ldrh gS fd dksbZ {ks= iapk;r {ks= ugha jg x;k gSAÀ 5 ¿12&& ¼1½ ¼d½ izR;sd iapk;r {ks= ds fy, ml iapk;r {ks= ds uke ij ,d xzke iapk;r ¿la?kfVrÀ 4 dh tk;xh( xzke iapk;r ¼[k½ izR;sd xzke iapk;r ,d fuxfer fudk; gksxh( ¿¼x½ fdlh xzke iapk;r eas ,d iz/kku vkSj fdlh iapk;r {ks= dh fLFkfr eas] ftldh tula[;k&& ¼,d½ 500 rd] 5 lnL; gksaxs( ¼nks½ 501 ls 1000 rd] 7 lnL; gksaxs( ¼rhu½ 1001 ls 2000 rd] 9 lnL; gksaxs( ¼pkj½ 2001 ls 3000 rd] 11 lnL; gksaxs( ¼ikap½ 3001 ls 5000 rd] 13 lnL; gksaxs( ¼N%½ 5001 ls 2000 rd] 15 lnL; gksaxs(À 6 ¼?k½ xzke iapk;r ds lnL;ksa ds fuokZpu ds iz;kstu ds fy,] izR;sd iapk;r {ks= dks ,slh jhfr ls izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks=ksa eas foHkkftr fd;k tk;xk fd izR;sd fuokZpu {ks= dh tula[;k vkSj mldks vkoafVr LFkkuksa dh la[;k ds chp vuqikr leLr iapk;r {ks= eas ;Fkklk/; ,d gh gks( ¼³½ xzke iapk;r ds izR;sd izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks= dk izfrfuf/kRo xzke iapk;r eas ,d lnL; }kjk fd;k tk;xk( ¿¼p½ fdlh xzke iapk;r ds izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks=ksa dk ifjlheu fu;r jhfr ls fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;fn vko”;d gks rks bl lEcU/k eas fu;e Hkwry{kh izHkko ls] fdUrq mÙkj izns”k iapk;r fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds fnukad ds iwoZ ls ugha] cuk;s tk ldrs gSaAÀ 2 ¼2½ ¿***À 3 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 8¼d½¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 8 ¼d½¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 8 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 29 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 08 o’kZ 2002 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 17 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 12À ¼3½ ¼d½ dksbZ xzke iapk;r] tc rd fd mls /kkjk 95 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼p½ ds v/khu igys gh fo?kfVr u dj fn;k tk;] viuh izFke cSBd ds fy, fu;r fnukad ls ikap o’kZ rd] u fd mlls vf/kd] cuh jgsxh( ¼[k½ fdlh xzke iapk;r ds la?kVu ds fy;s fuokZpu && ¼,d½ [k.M ¼d½ eas fofufnZ’V mlds dk;Zdky dh lekfIr ds iwoZ( ¼nks½ mlds fo?kVu ds fnukad ls N% ekl ds vof/k dh lekfIr ds iwoZ( iwjk djk;k tk;xk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tgka fo?kfVr xzke iapk;r dh “ks’k vof/k rc rd fd xzke iapk;r cuh jg ldrh Fkh] N% ekl ls de gks] ogka xzke iapk;r dk la?kVu djus ds fy;s bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ fuokZpu djkuk vko”;d ugha gksxk( ¼x½ fdlh xzke iapk;r ds dk;Zdky dh lekfIr ds iwoZ fo?kVu ij la?kfVr dh xbZ xzke iapk;r ml vof/k ds dsoy “ks’k Hkkx ds fy,] ftl vof/k rd fo?kfVr xzke iapk;r [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu cuh jgrh] ;fn mls bl izdkj fo?kfVr u fd;k tkrk] cuh jgsxh( ¼?k½ xzke iapk;r dk la?kVu ,slh jhfr ls vf/klwfpr fd;k tk;xk] tks fu;r dh tk; vkSj rnqijkUr xzke iapk;r dks lE;d :Ik ls la?kfVr le>k tk;xk] Hkys gh mleas dksbZ fjfDr gks % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd xzke iapk;r ds la?kVu dks rc rd bl izdkj vf/klwfpr ugha fd;k tk;sxk tc rd fd xzke iapk;r ds iz/kku vkSj de ls de nks frgkbZ lnL; fuokZfpr u gks tk;aA ¿¼3&d½ bl vf/kfu;e ds fdUgha vU; mica/kksa eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka vifjgk;Z ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k ;k yksdfgr eas fdlh dze”k% xzke iapk;r] {ks= iapk;r rFkk ftyk iapk;r dk la?kVu djus ds fy, mlds dk;Zdky ds volku rFkk mlds ckn c<+h gqbZ N% ekg dh vof/k ds iwoZ fuokZpu djkuk lk{; ugha gS] ogka jkT; ljdkj ;k mlds }kjk bl fufeÙk izkf/kdr̀ dksbZ vf/kdkjh vkns”k }kjk] iz”kkld fu;qDr dj ldrk gS vkSj iz”kkld N% ekg ls vuf/kd ,slh vof/k ds fy, tSlk fd mDr vkns”k eas fofufnZ’V dh tk;s] in /kkj.k djsxk vkSj dze”k% xzke iapk;r] {ks= iapk;r rFkk ftyk iapk;r mlds dze”k% iz/kku] izeq[k rFkk v/;{k vkSj lfefr;ksa dh leLr “kfDr;ka] d`R; vkSj drZO;] rFkk fLFkfr] ,sls iz”kkld eas fufgr gksaxs vkSj mlds }kjk mudk iz;ksx] lEiknu vkSj fuoZgu fd;k tk;xkAÀ 1 ¼4½ xzke iapk;r ds fdlh lnL; dk dk;Zdky] tc rd fd bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds v/khu vU;Fkk lekIr u dj fn;k tk;] xzke iapk;r ds dk;Zdky ds lkFk lekIr gks tk;sxkA ¼5½¼d½ izR;sd xzke iapk;r eas] vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj fiNM+s oxksZa ds fy, LFkku vkjf{kr fd;s tk;saxs vkSj bl izdkj vkjf{kr LFkkuksa dh la[;k dk vuqikr] xzke iapk;r eas LFkkuksa dh dqy la[;k eas ;Fkk”kD; ogh gksxk] tks iapk;r {ks= eas vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh ;k iapk;r {ks= eas vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dh ;k iapk;r {ks= eas fiNM+s oxksZa dh tula[;k dk vuqikr ,sls {ks= dh dqy tula[;k eas gks vkSj ,sls LFkku fdlh xzke iapk;r ds fofHkUu izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks=ksa eas ,sls dze eas pdzkuqdze eas vkoafVr fd;s tk;saxs] tSlk fu;r fd;k tk; % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fiNM+s oxksZa ds fy, vkj{k.k xzke iapk;r eas dqy LFkkuksa dh la[;k ds ¿pkSngÀ 2 izfr”kr ls vf/kd ugha gksxk % 1- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 15 o’kZ 2002 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 30 o’kZ 2005 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 18 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 12d&12[k[kÀ ¿vxzÙkj izfrca/k ;g gS fd ;fn fiNM+s oxksZa dh tula[;k ds vkadM+s miyC/k u gks rks fu;r jhfr ls losZ{k.k djds mudh tula[;k vo/kkfjr dh tk ldrh gSAÀ 7 ¼[k½ [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu vkjf{kr LFkkuksa ds ¿vk/ks ls vU;wuÀ 9 LFkku dze”k% vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj fiNM+s oxkZsa dh efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr jgsaxs( ¼x½ [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr LFkkuksa dh la[;k dks lfEefyr djrs gq,] fdlh xzke iapk;r eas dqy LFkkuksa dh la[;k ds ¿vk/ks ls vU;wuÀ 9 LFkku efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr jgsaxs vkSj ,sls LFkku fdlh xzke iapk;r ds fofHkUu izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks=ksa eas ,sls dze eas pdzkuqdze eas vkoafVr fd;s tk;saxs] tSlk fu;r fd;k tk;( ¼?k½ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds fy, LFkkuksa dk vkj{k.k lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 334 eas fofufnZ’V vof/k dh lekfIr ij izHkkoh ugha jgsxkA Li’Vhdj.k&& ;g Li’V fd;k tkrk gS fd bl /kkjk eas dksbZ ckr vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj fiNM+s oxksZa ds O;fDr;ksa vkSj efgykvksa dks vukjf{kr LFkkuksa ls fuokZpu yM+us ls ugha jksdsxhA ¼6½ iz/kku dks xzke iapk;r dk lnL; le>k tk;xkAÀ 3 ¿12&d&& ¿***À 4 iz/kku ;k miiz/kku vFkok ¿xzke Ikapk;rÀ 2 ds fdlh lnL; ds in ds fy;s fuokZpu fu;r jhfr ls xqIr er i= }kjk gksxkAÀ 1 fuokZpu dh jhfr ¿12&dd&& ¼1½ xzke iapk;r dk iz/kku vkSj mi iz/kku ,sls HkÙks vkSj ekuns;] tSlk fd fu;r fd;k tk;] izkIr djsxkA ¼2½ iz/kku vkSj miiz/kku ls fHkUu xzke iapk;r dk lnL; ,sls HkÙkksa dks] tSlk fu;r fd;k tk;] izkIr djsxkAÀ 5 iz/kku] miiz/kku vkSj lnL;ksa ds HkÙks ¿12&[k&& ¼1½ dk;Z lEiknu ds fy, xzke iapk;r dh cSBd lkekU;r;k izR;sd ekl eas de ls de ,d ckj gksxh] fdUrq nks yxkrkj cSBdksa ds chp nks ekl dk vUrj ugha gksxk % ijUrq ;g fd fdlh xkze iapk;r dh izFke cSBd ds fy, fu;r dh tkus okyh rkjh[k mlds xBu dh rkjh[k ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj gksxhA ¼2½ xzke iapk;r dh cSBdsa] ,sls LFkku ij vkSj ,slh jhfr ls] vk;ksftr dh tk;saxh] tSlh fufgr dh tk;AÀ 10 xzke iapk;r dh cSBdsa ¿12&[k[k&& ¿¼1½À 8 xzke iapk;r ds iz/kku] mi iz/kku vkSj lnL;ksa ds fuokZpu ds lapkyu dk v/kh{k.k] funs”ku vkSj fu;U=.k jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx eas fufgr gksxkAÀ 6 xzke iapk;r ds fuokZpuksa dk v/kh{k.k bR;kfn ¿¼2½ jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx ds v/kh{k.k] funsZ”ku vkSj fu;a=.k ds v/khu jgrs gq,] eq[; fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ¼iapk;r½ jkT; eas iz/kku] mi iz/kku ;k fdlh xzke iapk;r ds fdlh lnL; ds in ij fuokZpu ds lapkyu dk Ik;Zos{k.k vkSj mlls lacaf/kr leLr dR̀;ksa dk lEiknu djsxkAÀ 8 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 38] 1968 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 17 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 18 }kjk feVk;k x;kA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 19 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 21 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 21 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 8 ¼x½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 8- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 9 }kjk iqulZa[;kafdr vkSj c<+k;k x;kA 9- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 07 o’kZ 2008 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 10- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 14 o’kZ 2008 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 19 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 12[kx&12[kxdÀ ¿¼3½ jkT; ljdkj] jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx ds ijke”kZ ls] vf/klwpuk }kjk] fdlh xzke iapk;r ds iz/kku] miiz/kku ;k lnL;ksa ds lkekU; fuokZpu ;k mifuokZpu ds fy, fnukad ;k fnukadksa dks fu;r djsxhAÀ 4 ¿12&[k x&& ¿¼1½ jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx ds Ik;Zos{k.k vkSj fu;a=.k ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ftyk eftLVªsV ftys eas xzke iapk;rksa ds iz/kku] miiz/kku vkSj lnL;ksa ds lHkh fuokZpukas ds lapkyu dk Ik;Zos{k.k djsxkAÀ 1 fuokZpuksa dk v/kh{k.k ¼2½ ftys esa izR;sd fuokZpu funs”kd ¼iapk;r½ jkT; esa mi;qZDr leLr ;k fdlh Hkh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ls vkSj mi;qZDr laLFkkvkas ds izcU/kkf/kdj.k tc ftyk eftLVsªV }kjk ,slh vis{kk dh tk;s mls vFkok ftyk eftLVsªV }kjk fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ds :Ik eas fu;qfDr fdlh vU; vf/kdkjh dks ,sls deZpkjh miyC/k djsxk] tks ,sls fuokZpu ds laca/k esa fdUgh drZO;kas dk ikyu djus ds fy;s vko”;d gksa A ¼3½ blh izdkj ¿jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksxÀ 2 jkT; esa mi;qZDr leLr ;k fdlh Hkh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ls vkSj mi;qZDr laLFkkvkas ds izcU/kkf/kdkfj;kas ls mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vfHkfn”V fdlh vf/kdkjh dks ,sls deZpkjh miyC/k djkus dh vis{kk dj ldrkgS tks ,sls fuokZpu ds laaca/k esa fdagh drZO;kass dk ikyu djus ds fy;s vko”;d gks vkSj os izR;sd ,slh vf/k;kpuk dk ikyu djsxsa A ¼4½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼2½ ;k ¼3½ eas vfHkfn”V fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdj.k ;k laLFkk dk dksbZ deZpkjh ,sls fuokZpukas ds laca/k esa fdlh drZO; dk ikyu djus ds fy;s fu;qDr fd;k tk;s rks og ,sls drZO; dk ikyu djus ds fy; ck/; gksxk A 3 ¿12&[kxd&& ¼1½ ;fn ftyk eftLVsªV dks ;g izrhr gks fd ftys ds Hkhrj bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu gksus okys fdlh fuokZpu ds laca/k eas& ifjlj] ;kukas vkfn dk fuokZpu ds iz;kstu ds fy, vf/kxzg.k ¼d½ bl iz;kstu ds fy, fd mldk ernku LFky ds :Ik eas ;k ernku gksus ds Ik”pkr~ erisfV;ksa ds j[kus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tk;] fdlh ifjlj dh vko”;drk gS ;k vko”;drk gksuh laHkkO; gS] vFkok ¼[k½ fdlh ernkuj LFky ls ;k] dks erisfV;ksa ds ifjogu ds iz;kstu ds fy, ;k ,sls fuokZpu ds lapkyu ds nkSjku O;oLFkk cuk j[kus ds fy, iqfy cy ds lnL;ksa ds ifjogu ds ;k ,sls fuokZpu ds laca/k eas fdUgha drZO;ksa ds ikyu ds fy, fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k vU; O;fDr ds ifjogu ds fy, fdlh ;ku] tu;ku ;k thotUrq dh vko”;drk gS ;k vko”;drk gksuh laHkkO; gS rks og ,sls ifjlj ;k] ;FkkfKFkfr] ,sls ;ku] tu;ku ;k thotUrq dk vf/kxzg.k fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk dj ldsxk vkSj ,sls vfrfjDr vkns”k ns ldsxk tSls fd vf/kxzg.k ds laca/k eas mls vko”;d ;k lehphu izrhr gks% ijUrq ,slk dksbZ ;ku] ty;ku ;k thotUrq] ftls mEehnokj ;k mldk vfHkdrkZ ,sls mEehnokj ds fuokZpu ls lalDr fdlh iz;kstu ds fy, fof/k iw.kZr% mi;ksx eas yk jgk gS] bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu rc rd vf/kx̀ghr u fd;k tk;xk tc rd ,sls fuokZpu eas ernku lekIr u gks tk,A 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 21¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 22¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 29 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 22 o’kZ 2000 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 20 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 12[kx[kÀ ¼2½ vf/kxzg.k ml O;fDr dks lacksf/kr fyf[kr vkns”k fd;k tk;sxk ftldh ckor~ ftyk eftLVªsV ;g le>rk gS fd og ml lEifÙk dk Lokeh gS ;k ml ij dCtk j[kus okyk O;fDr gS vkSj ,sls vkns”k dks ml O;fDr ij rkehy] ftls og lacksf/kr gS] fofgr jhfr eas dh tk;sxhA ¼3½ tc dHkh dksbZ lEifÙk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/kx̀ghr dh tk;s rc ,sls vf/kxzg.k dh dkykof/k ml dkykof/k ds ijs foLrr̀ u gksxh] ftlds fy, ,slh lEifÙk ml mi/kkjk eas of.kZr iz;kstuksa eas ls fdlh ds fy, visf{kr gSA ¼4½ bl /kkjk esa && ¼d½ ^^ifjlj** ls dksbZ Hkwfe] Hkou ;k Hkou dk Hkkx vfHkizsr gS vkSj >ksiM+h] “ksM+ ;k vU; lajpuk ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkx blds vUrxZr vkrk gS( ¼[k½ ^^;ku** ls ,slk dksbZ ;ku vfHkizsr gS] tks lM+d ifjogu ds iz;kstu ds fy, mi;ksx eas vkrk gS ;k mi;ksx eas yk, tkus ;ksX; gS] Hkys gh og ;kaf=d “kfDr ls uksfnr gks ;k u gksA 12&[kx[k&& ¼1½ tgka /kkjk 12&[kxd ds vuqlj.k eas ftyk eftLVªsV fdlh ifjlj dk vf/kxzg.k djs] rc fgrc) O;fDr dks izfrdj lanÙk fd;k tk;sxk] ftldh jde dk vo/kkj.k fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dks /;ku eas j[kdj fd;k tk;sxk( vFkkZr~ %& izfrdj dk lank; ¼,d½ ifjlj dh ckor~ ns; HkkVd ;k ;fn dksbZ HkkVd ,sls ns; u gks rks ml ifj{ks= eas oSls gh ifjlj ds fy, ns; HkkVd( ¼nks½ ;fn fgrc) O;fDr ifjlj ds vf/kxzg.k ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik vius fuokl LFkku ;k dkjckj ds LFkku dks cnyus ds fy, foo”k gqvk gks rks ,sls cnyus ls vkuq’kafxd ;qfDr;qDr O;; ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ % ijUrq tgka fd dksbZ fgrc) O;fDr ,sls vof/kkfjr izfrdj dh jde ls O;fFkr gksrs gq, ftyk eftLVªsV ls fofgr le; ds vUnj ;g vkosnu djrk gS fd og ekeyk e/;LFk dks funsZf”kr dj fn;k tk;s ogka fn, tkus okys izfrdj dh jde ,slh jde gksxh] tSlh ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk bl fufeÙk fu;qDr e/;LFk vo/kkfjr djs% ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd tgka izfrdj ikus ds gd dh ckcr ;k izfrdj dh jde ds izHkktu dh ckcr dksbZ fookn gS ogka vo/kkj.k ds fy, mls ftyk eftLVSªV vius }kjk bl fufeÙk fu;qDr e/;LFk dks fufnZ’V djsxk vkSj og fookn ,sls e/;LFk ds fofu”p; ds vuqlkj vo/kkfjr fd;k tk;sxkA Li’Vhdj.k&& bl mi/kkjk eas ^^fgrc) O;fDr** in ls og O;fDr] tks /kkjk 12&[kxd ds v/khu vf/kx̀ghr ifjlj ij vf/kxzg.k ds vO;ofgriwoZ okLrfod dCtk j[krk Fkk ;k tgka fd dkbZ O;fDr ,slk okLrfod dCtk ugha j[krk Fkk ogka ,sls ifjlj dk Lokeh vfHkizsr gSA ¼2½ tc dHkh ftyk eftLVsªV dksbZ ;ku] ty;ku ;k thotUrq /kkjk 12&[kxd ds vuqlj.k eas vf/kxg̀hr djs rc mlds Lokeh dks izfrdj lanÙk fd;k tk;sxk] ftldh jde dk vo/kkj.k ftyk eftLVªsV ,sls ;ku] ty;ku ;k tho&tUrq dks HkkM+s ij ysus ds fy, ml ifj{ks= eas izpfyr HkkM+s ;k njksa ds vk/kkj ij djsxk % ijUrq tgka fd ,sls ;ku] ty;ku ;k thotUrq dk Lokeh ,sls vo/kkfjr izfrdj dh jde ls O;fLFkr gksrs gq, ftyk eftLVSªV ls fofgr le; ds Hkhrj ;g vkosnu djrk gS fd og ekeyk e/;LFk dks fufnZ’V dj fn;k tk;s ogka fn;s tkus okys izfrdj dh jde ,slh jde gksxh] tSlh ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk bl fufeÙk fu;qDr e/;LFk vo/kkfjr djs % 21 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 12[kxx&12[kxpÀ ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd tgka vf/kx̀ghr fd, tkus ls vO;ofgriwoZ ;ku ;k ty;ku Lokeh ls fHkUu O;fDr ds dCts eas vodz; djkj ds vk/kkj ij Fkk] ogka vf/kxzg.k ds ckjs eas lans dqy izfrdj ds :Ik eas bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu vo/kkfjr jde ml O;fDr vkSj Lokeh ds chp eas ,slh jhfr eas] ftlds fy, os lger gks tk;sa vkSj ,slh lgefr ds vHkko eas] ,slh jhfr eas tSlh ftyk eftLVsªV }kjk bl fufeÙk fu;qDr e/;LFk fofuf”pr djs] izHkkfor dh tk;sxhA 12&[kxx&& ftyk eftLVSªV fdlh laifÙk dks /kkjk 12 [kxd ds v/khu vf/kx̀ghr djus dh ;k /kkjk 12&[kx[k ds v/khu lans; izfrdj dks vo/kkfjr djus dh nf̀’V ls flh O;fDr ls vkns”k }kjk vis{kk dj ldsxk fd og ,slh lEifÙk laca/kh vius dCts dh ,slh tkudkjh tSlh vkns”k eas fofufnZ’V dh tk;s] ,sls izkf/kdkjh dks ns] tks ,sls fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;sA tkudkjh vfHkizkIr djus dh “kfDr 12&[kx?k&& ¼1½ ;g vo/kkj.k djus ds iz;sktu ds fy, fd D;k fdlh ifjlj fdlh ;ku] ty;ku ;k thotUrq ds laca/k eas /kkjk 12&[kxd ds v/khu vkns”k fd;k tk;s vkSj ;fn fd;k tk, rks fdl jhfr eas fd;k tk;s ;k bl ǹf’V ls fd ml /kkjk ds v/khu fd, x, fdlh vkns”k dk vuqikyu lqfuf”pr fd;k tk;s] dksbZ O;fDr] tks ftyk eftLVsªV }kjk bl fufeÙk izkf/kdr̀ fd;k x;k gS] ,sls ifjlj eas izos”k dj ldsxk vkSj ,sls ifjlj vkSj mueas ls fdlh ;ku] ty;ku ;k thotUrq dk fujh{k.k dj ldsxkA ¼2½ bl /kkjk eas ^^ifjlj** rFkk ^^;ku** inks ads ogh vFkZ gSa] tks /kkjk 12&[kxd eas gSA fdlh ifjlj vkfn eas izos”k djus vkSj muds fujh{k.k dh “kfDr;ka 12&[kx³&& ¼1½ tks dksbZ O;fDr fdlh vf/kx̀ghr ifjlj ij /kkjk 12&[kxd ds v/khu fd, x, fdlh vkns”k ds mYya?ku eas dCtk fd, jgrk gS] mls ftyk eftLVsªV }kjk bl fufeÙk l”kDr dksbZ vf/kdkjh ml ifjlj eas ls la{ksir% csn[ky dj ldsxkA vf/kx̀ghr ifjlj ls csn[kyh ¼2½ ,sls l”kDr dksbZ vf/kdkjh] ,slh L=h dks tks yksd le{k ugha vkrh] ;qfDr;qDr psrkouh vkSj gV tkus ds fy, lqfo/kk nsdj fdlh Hkou ds fdlh rkys ;k pV[kuh dks gVk ;k [kksy ldsxk vkSj fdlh }kj dks rksM+ ldsxk ;k ,slh csn[kyh ds iz;kstu ds fy, dksbZ vU; vko”;d dk;Z dj ldsxkA 12&[kxp&& ¼1½ tcfd /kkjk 12&[kxd ds v/khu vf/kx̀ghr dksbZ ifjlj vf/kxzg.k ls fueqZDr fd;s tkus gksa] rc mudk dCtk ml O;fDr dks] ftlls ifjlj ds vf/kx̀ghr fd;s tkus ds le; dCtk fy;k x;k Fkk] ;k ;fn dksbZ ,slk O;fDr ugha Fkk rks ml O;fDr dks] ftldh ckcr ftyk eftLVsªV ;g le>rk gS fd og ,sls ifjlj dk Lokeh gS] ifjnÙk fd;k tk;sxk vkSj dCts dk ,sls ifjnku ftyk eftLVsªV dks mu lc nkf;Roksa ls] tks ,sls ifjnku ds ckjs eas gS] iw.kZr% mUeksfpr dj nsxk] fdUrq mlls ifjlj dh ckcr ,sls fdUgha vf/kdkjksa ij izfrdwy izHkko u iM+sxk] ftUgsa dksbZ vU; O;fDr ml O;fDr ds f[kykQ] ftls ifjlj dk dCtk ,sls ifjnÙk fd;k x;k gS] fof/k dh lE;d izfdz;k izofrZr djkus ds fy, gdnkj gksA vf/kx̀g.k ls ifjlj dh fueqZfDr ¼2½ tgka fd og O;fDr] ftls /kkjk 12&[kxd ds v/khu vf/kx̀ghr fdlh iflj dk dCtk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn;k tkuk gS] ik;k ugha tk ldrk ;k ftldk vklkuh ls vfHkfu”p; ugha gks ikrk ;k mldh vksj ls ifjnku izfrx̀ghr djus ds fy, l”kDr dksbZ vfHkdrkZ ;k dksbZ vU; O;fDr ugha gS] ogka ftyk eftLVsªV ;g ?kks’k.kk djus okyh lwpuk fd ,sls ifjlj vf/kxzg.k ls fueqZDr dj fn, x, gSa] ,sls ifjlj ds fdlh lgtn”̀; Hkkx eas yxok;sxk vkSj lwpuk dks “kkldh; jkti= eas izdkf”kr djsxkA 22 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 12ch Mh&12 xÀ ¼3½ tcfd mi/kkjk ¼2½ eas fufnZ’V lwpuk “kkldh; jkti= eas izdkf”kr dj nh xbZ gS rc ,slh lwpuk eas fofufnZ’V ifjlj ,sls vf/kxzg.k ds v/;/khu ,sls izdk”ku dh rkjh[k gks vkSj ls u jgsaxs vkSj mudh ckcr ;g le>k tk;xk fd os ml O;fDr dks ifjnÙk dj fn, x, gSa] tks mu ij dCtk j[kus dk gdnkj gS vkSj ftyk eftLVªsV mDr rkjh[k ds Ik”pkr~ fdlh dkykof/k ds fy, ,sls ifjlj ds laca/k eas fdlh izfrdj ;k vU; nkos ds fy, nkf;Rok/khu u gksxkAÀ 7 ¿12&&[k?k&& ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ftl ij ;g /kkjk ykxw gksrh gks] vius inh; drZO; Hkax djus eas ;qfDr;qDr dkj.k fcuk fdlh dk;Z ;k yksi dk nks’kh gks rks mls vFkZ n.M fn;k tk ldsxk] tks ikap lkS :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gS A fuokZpu ds laaca/k esa inh; drZO; Hkax ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu n.Muh; dksbZ vijk/k laKs; gksxk A ¼3½ mi;qZDr fdlh ,sls dk;Z ds laca/k eas gkfuiwfrZ ds fy;s fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds fo:} dksbZ okn ;k vU; fof/kd dk;Zokgh izLrqr u dh tk ldsxh A ¼4½ ftu O;fDr;kas ij ;g /kkjk ykxw gksrh gS os fuokZpu vf/kdkjh] lgk;d fuokZpu vf/kdkjh] ernku vf/kdkjh vkSj dksbZ ,slk vU; O;fDr gS] tks uke funZs”ku i=kas dh izkfIr ;k mEehnokjks ds uke okfil ysus ;k fdlh fuokZpu eas erks dks vfHkfyf[kr ;k mudh x.kuk djus ds laca/k eas fdlh drZO; dk ikyu djus ds fy;s fu;qDr fd;k tk;s vkSj bl /kkjk ds iz;kstukFkZ in ^^inh; drZO;** dk rnuqlkj vFkZ yxk;k tk;sxk] fdUrq blds vUrxZr bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k blds v/khu fd;s x;s drZO;kjksi.k ls vU;Fkk vkjksfir drZO; ugh gSAÀ 4 1 ¿12&x&& ¼1½ ¿***À 6 iz/kku ds :Ik esa vFkok ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 ds lnL; ds :Ik eas fdlh O;fDr ds fuokZpu ds laca/k eas ftlds vUrxZr /kkjk 43 ds v/khu ¿U;k; iapk;rÀ 2 ds iaap ds :Ik eas ¿fu;qDr fd;s x;s fdlh O;fDrÀ 3 dk fuokZpu Hkh gS] flok; fdlh ,sls vkosnu i= }kjk tks ,sls izkf/kdkjh dks ,sls le; ds Hkhrj vksSj ,slh jhfr ls tks fu;r dh tk;s] izLrqr fd;k tk;s] fuEufyf[kr vk/kkj ij vkifRr u dh tk;sxh fd&& fuokZpuksa ij vkifÙk djus ds fy, vkosnu&i= ¼d½ ;g fuokZpu bl dkj.k fuokZ/k fuokZpu ugah gS fd bleas fj”or vFkok vuqfpr izHkko Mkyus dk Hkz’V vkpj.k O;kid :Ik ls O;kIr Fkk] vFkok ¼[k½ fuokZpu ds ifj.ke ij&& ¼1½ fdlh uke funsZ”ku i= dks vuqfpr :Ik ls Lohdkj ;k vLohdkj djus ls vFkok ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok blds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;ekas ds mica/kksa dk ikyu djus esa ?kksj pwd fd;s tkus ls] lkjokj izHkko iM+k gSA ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstu ds fy;s fuEufyf[kr fj”or ;k vuqfpr izHkko Mkyus ds Hkz’V vkpj.k le>s tk;sxsa && 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 14 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4¼d½ }kjk bl vf/kfu;e esa tgka dgh Hkh “kCn ^^iapk;rh vnkyr** vk;k gS] “kCn ^^U;k; iapk;r** j[k fn;k x;k A 3- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 15] 1960 dh /kkjk 9 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 4- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 31] 1972 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk vUrfoZ’V A 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 23 }kjk fujflrA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 29 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 23 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 12 xÀ ¼d½ ¼1½ fj”or( vFkkZr~&& ¼d½ fdlh O;fDr dks mEehnokj ds :Ik eas fuokZpu eas [kM+s gksus ;k [kM+s u gksus ;k mEehnokjh ls uke okfil ysus ds fy;s] ;k ¼[k½ fdlh fuokZpd dks fuokZpu eas ernku djus ;k ernku djus ls fojr jgus ds fy;s&& izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :Ikls mRiszfjr djus ds mnns’; ls ;k fdlh O;fDr dks bl ckr ds fy;s fd&& ¼1½ og bl izdkj [kM+k gqvk ;k [kM+k ugh gqvk fd mlus mEehnokjh ls viuk uke okil ys fy;k ( ;k ¼2½ fuokZpd dks bl ckr ds fy;s fd mlus ernku fd;k ;k og ernku djus ls fojr jgk] iqjLdkj Lo:Ik mEehnokj }kjk ;k mEehnokj dh ekSu lEefr ls fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk fdlh O;fDr dks] pkgs og dksbZ Hkh D;aks u gks] dksbZ migkj ;k dksbZ ikfjrksf”kr viZ.k dk izLrko djuk ;k cpu nsuk] ¼[k½ vuqfpr izHkko Mkyuk vFkkZr~ fuokZpu laca/kh fdlh vf/kdkj ds fuokZ/k Ikz;ksx eas mEehnokj }kjk ;k mEehnokj dh ekSu lEefr ls fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk fd;k x;k dksbZ izR;{k ;k vizR;{k gLr{ksi ;k gLr{ksi djus dk fd;k x;k iz;Ru % izfrca/k ;g gS fd bl [k.M ds mica/kksa ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk dksbZ O;fDr tks mleas fufnZ’V gks vkSj tks&& ¼1½ fdlh mEehnokj ;k fdlh fuokZpd ;k fdlh O;fDr dks ftlls mEehnokj ;k fuokZpd fgrc} gks] fdlh izdkj dh {kfr igq¡pkus dh /kedh] ftlds vUrxZr lekftd cfgLdkj vkSj tkfr vFkok leqnk; ls cfg’dkj ;k fu”dklu Hkh gS] nsrk gS ( ;k ¼2½ mEehnokj ;k fdlh fuokZpd dks ;g fo’okl djus ds fy;s mRizsfjr djrk gsS] ;k mRizsfjr djus dk iz;Ru djrk gS fd og ;k ,slk dksbZ O;fDr] ftlls og fgrc} gS] nsoh izdksi ;k vk/;kfRed ifjfuUnk dk ik= gks tk;sxk ;k cuk fn;k tk;sxk ] mlds laca/k eas ;g le>k tk;sxk fd og ,sls mEehnokj ;k fdlh fuokZpd ds fuokZpu laca/kh vf/kdkj dk fuckZ/k iz;ksx esa bl [k.M ds vFkkZUrxZr gLr{ksi djrk gS A ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkosnu i= fdlh fuokZpu esa fdlh mEehnokj ;k fdlh fuokZpd }kjk izLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mlesa ,sls C;kSjs gksxsa tks fu;r fd;s tk;saA Li’Vhdj.k&&dksbZ Hkh ,slk O;fDr ftlus fuokZpu esa uke funsZ”ku i= fuosf’kr fd;k gks] pkgs ,slk uke funsZ”ku i= Lohdkj ;k vLohdkj fd;k x;k gks] fuokZpu esa mEehnokj le>k tk;sxk A ¼4½ ml izkf/kdkjh dsk] ftls mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkosnu i= izLrqr fd;k tk;s&& ¼1½ vkosnu i= dh lquokbZ vkSj ,slh lquokbZ eas vuqlfjr dh tkus okyh izfdz;k] ¼2½ fuokZpu eas j} djus ;k fuokZpu dks vekU; ?kksf’kr djus ;k vkosnd dks lE;d :Ik essa fuokZfpr ?kksf’kr djus ;k fdlh vU; mi”ke] tks vkosnd dks iznku fd;k tk;s] ds fo’k; eas ,slh “kfDr;ka vkSj izkf/kdkj izkIr gksxas] tks fu;r fd;s tk;s A 24 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 12?k&12³À ¼5½ mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds v/khu fu;r dh tkus okyh “kfDr;ksa dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkosnu i= dh ljljh rkSj ij lquokbZ vkSj mls fuLrkfjr djus ds fy;s fu;eksa dh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS A ¿¼6½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkosnu i= ij fofgr izkf/kdkjh ds fdlh vkns”k ls O;fFkr dksbZ i{k] vkns”k ds fnukad ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj fuEufyf[kr fdlh ,d ;k vf/kd vk/kkj ij ftyk U;k;k/kh”k dks ,sls vkns”k ds iqujh{k.k ds fy;s vkosnu dj ldrk gS vFkkZr~&& ¼d½ fofgr izkf/kdkjh us ,slh vf/kdkfjrk dk iz;ksx fd;k gS tks fof/k }kjk mleas fufgr ugha gS ( ¼[k½ fofgr izkf/kdkjh us bl izdkj viuh vf/kdkfjrk dk iz;ksx djus eas foQy jgk gS ( ¼x½ fofgr izkf/kdkjh us viuh vf/kdkfjrk dk iz;ksx djus esa voS/k :Ik ;k lkjoku vfu;ferrk ls dk;Z fd;k gS A ¼7½ ftyk U;k;k/kh”k iqujh{k.k ds fy;s vkosnu i= dk fuLrkj.k Lo;a dj ldrk gS ;k mls vius iz”kklfud fu;a=.kk/khu fdlh vij ftyk U;k;k/kh”k] flfoy U;k;k/kh”k ;k vij flfoy U;k;k/kh”k dks fuLrkj.k ds fy;s lkSai ldrk gS vkSj mls fdlh ,sls vf/kdkjh ls okil eaxk ldrk gS ;k fdlh vU; ,sls vf/kdkjh dks vUrfjr dj ldrk gS A ¼8½ mi/kkjk ¼7½ esa mfYyf[kr iqujhf{kr izkf/kdkjh ,slh izfdz;k dk vuqlj.k djsxk tSlk fu;r dh tk;s] vkSj og fofgr izkf/kdkjh ds vkns”k dh iqf’V mlesa Qsj&Qkj ;k mls fo[kf.Mr dj ldrk gS ;k ekeys dks iqu% lquokbZ ds fy;s fofgr izkf/kdkjh dks izfrizsf”kr dj ldrk gS] vkSj ml ij fofu”p; gksus rd ,slk vUrfje vkns”k ns ldrk gS tSlk mls U;k;laxr vkSj lqfo/kktud izrhr gks A ¼9½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu fn;k x;k iqujh{k.k izkf/kdkjh dk izR;sd fofu”p; vkSj bl /kkjk ds v/khu iqujh{k.k izkf/kdkjh }kjk fn;s x;s fdlh vkns”k ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] fofgr izkf/kdkjh dk izR;sd fofu”p; vfUre gksxk AÀ 4 ¿12&?k&& /kkjk 12 x ds mica/k ;Fkk vko”;d ifjorZukas lfgr ¿xzke iapk;r ds miiz/kkuÀ 5 ds :Ik eas ;k U;k; iapk;r ds ljiap ;k lgk;d ljiap ds :Ik eas fdlh O;fDr ds fuokZpu ij ykxw gksaxsaAÀ 2 miiz/kku ljiap ;k lgk;d ljiap ds fuokZpu ds laca/k eas fookn ¿12&³&& ¼1½ ¿izR;sd O;fDrÀ 6 /kkjk 11&d ¿12À 3 ¼3½ 43 ;k 44 esa vfHkfn’V fdlh in ij vklhu gksus ds iwoZ] ,sls izkf/kdkjh ds le{k] ftls fu;r fd;k tk;s] fu;r izi= esa “kiFk ysxk ;k izfrKku djsxk vkSj ml ij gLrk{kj djsxkAÀ 1 in dh “kiFk ¼2½ fdlh ,sls lnL; ds laca/k eas tks ;Fkk iwoksZDr “kiFk ysus ;k izfrKku djus vkSj gLrk{kj djus vLohdkj djs ;k vU; izdkj ls badkj djs ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus in dks rR{k.k fjDr dj fn;k gS A 1- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 14 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 15] 1960 dh /kkjk 10 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 11 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 37 o’kZ 1978 dh /kkjk 10 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 24 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 25 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 25 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 12p&14À ¿12&p&& ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dk iz/kku] miiz/kku ;k dksbZ lnL; ,sls izkf/kdkjh dks] tks fu;r fd;k tk;s] lacaf/kr LogLrk{kfjr i= }kjk viuk in R;kx dj ldrk gS vkSj rnqijkUr in fjDr gks tk;sxkAÀ 1 in R;kx 12&N&& ¿***À 4 ¿12&t&& ;fn xzke iapk;r ds iz/kku] miiz/kku ;k fdlh lnL; dk in mldh èR;q gks tkus] mls gVk;s tkus] mls gVk, tkus] mlds in R;kx djus] mlds fuokZpu ds vfHk”kwU; gksus ;k mlds in dh “kiFk ysus ls badkj djus ds dkj.k fjDr gks tk; rks ;FkklaHko mls ,slh fjfDr ds fnukad ls N% ekl dh vof/k dh lekfIr ds iwoZ] mlds “ks’k dk;Zdky ds fy;s] ;FkkfLFkfr /kkjk 11&[k] 11&x ;k 12 esa micaf/kr jhfr ls Hkjk tk;sxk% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn ,slh fjfDr gksus ds fnukad dks xzke iapk;r dh “ks’k vof/k N% ekl ls de gks rks fjfDr dh iwfrZ ugha dh tk;sxhAÀ 6 vkdfLed fjfDr ¿12&>&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fu;qDr fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k izkf/kdkjh }kjk fuokZpukas ds lapkyu ds laca/k eas dh xbZ fdlh dk;Zokgh ;k fn;s x;s fdlh fu.kZ; dh oS/krk ds laca/k eas fdlh flfoy U;k;ky; dks vkifRr djus dh vf/kdkfjrk u gksxhAÀ 1 fuokZpu laca/kh fo’k;kas eas flfoy U;k;ky;kssa dh vf/kdkfjrk ij jksd ¿12&´&& ¼1½ tgka iz/kku dk in mldh èR;q gks tkus] mls gVk;s tkus] mlds in R;kx djus ;k vU;Fkk fjDr gks] ;k tgka iz/kku vuqifLFkr ;k chekjh ds dkj.k ;k vU;Fkk dk;Z djus esa vleFkZ gks] ogka mi iz/kku iz/kku dh leLr “kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx vskj drZO;kas dk ikyu djsxkA iz/kku ds in dh vLFkk;h fjfDr esa izca/k ¼2½ tgka iz/kku vkSj miiz/kku dk in fdlh dkj.k ls fjDr gks] ;k iz/kku vkSj miiz/kku nksuks gh fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls dk;Z djus esa vleFkZ gS ogka fu;r izkf/kdkjh] tc rd fd ;k rks iz/kku ;k miz/kku ds in dh ,slh fjfDr Hkjh u tk;s ;k tc rd fd nksukas eas ls fdlh dh vleFkZrk nwj u gks tk;s] rc rd iz/kku ds drZO;kas dk ikyu vkSj mldh “kfDr;kas dk iz;ksx djus ds fy;s U;k; iapk;r ds fdlh lnL; dks uke&fufnZ’V djsxkAÀ 2 12&V& ¿***À 4 13&& ¿***À 4 ¿14&& ¿¼1½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 ,slh cSBd eas] tks bl iz;kstu ds fy;s fo”ks’k :Ik ls cqykbZ tk;s vkSj ftldh de ls de 15 fnu dh iwoZ lwpuk nh tk;] xzke lHkk ds mifLFkr vkSj ernku djus okys lnL;ksa ds nks frgkbZ cgqer ls iz/kku dks gVk ldrh gSA iz/kku ¿***À 7 dk gVk;k tkuk ¼1&d½ /kkjk 11 esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh cSBd ds fy, x.kiwfrZ xzke lHkk ds ,d frgkbZ lnL;ksa ls gksxhAÀ 8 ¼2½ iz/kku dks gVkus ds fy;s dksbZ cSBd mlds fuokZpu ds ¿,d o’kZÀ 5 ds Hkhrj ugh cqykbZ tk;sxh A 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 14 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 11 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 26 }kjk fujflrA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1998 dh /kkjk 3¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 33 o’kZ 1999 ds v/;k;&nks dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 13 o’kZ 2006 dh /kkjk 4¼d½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 26 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 14d &15À ¼3½ ;fn cSBd esa x.kiwfrZ ds vHkko ds dkj.k izLrko ij fopkj u fd;k tk;s vFkok og visf{kr cgqer u gksus ds dkj.k ikfjr u gks ik;s rks mlh iz/kku dks gVkus ds fy;s ckn eas iwoZorhZ cSBd ds fnuakd ls ¿,d o’kZÀ 6 ds Hkhrj ugh cqykbZ tk;sxh A ¼4½ bl /kkjk ds mica/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq;s iz/kku dks gVkus dh izfdz;k] ftlds vUrxZr og izfdz;k Hkh gS] tks cSBd eas vuqlfjr dh tk;s] ogh gksxh] tks fu;r dh tk;sAÀ 1 ¿14&d&& cfgxkZeh iz/kku dk ¿xzke lHkkÀ 4 ds vfHkys[k rFkk /kujkf”k nsus dk nkf;Ro&& vfHkys[k vkfn nsus eas pwd djus ij n.M ¿¼1½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr iz/kku] ljiap ;k lgk;d ljiap ds :Ik eas dk;Z dh lekfIr ij] ;FkkfLFkfr ¿xzke lHkkÀ 4 ] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ;k U;k; iapk;r ds lHkh vfHkys[k] /kujkf”k ] ;k vU; lEifRr vius mRrjkf/kdkjh ;k fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk bl fufeRr izkf/kdr̀ fdlh O;fDr dks nsus esa] fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk ,slk djus dh vis{kk dh tkus ij Hkh tkucw> dj pwd djrj gS rks og dkjkokl ls] tks rhu o’kZ rd dk gks ldrk gS ;k tqekZus ls ;k nksukas ls n.Muh; gksxkAÀ 3 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds izfrca/kksa ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk dksbZ ,slh /kujkf”k fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk rnFkZ tkjh fd;s x;s izek.k i= ij Hkw&jktLo dh cdk;k ds :Ik eas olwy dh tk ldrh gS AÀ 2 ¿14&[k&& ¿¼1½ xzke lHkk] ,slh cSBd esa] tks bl iz;kstu ds fy, fo”ks’k :Ik ls cqyk;h tk; vkSj ftldh de ls de 15 fnu dh iwoZ lwpuk nh tk;] xzke lHkk ds lnL;ksa ds nks frgkbZ cgqer ls mi iz/kku dks gVk ldrh gSAÀ 8 miiz/kku dk gVk;k tkuk ¼2½ miiz/kku dks gVkus ds fy, dksbZ cSBd mlds fuokZpu ls nks o’kZ ds Hkhrj ugha cqykbZ tk;sxhA ¼3½ ;fn cSBd esa izLrko visf{kr cgqer u gkssus ds dkj.k ikfjr u gks ik;s rks mlh miiz/kku dks gVkus ds fy, ckn esa dksbZ cSBd iwoZorhZ cSBd ds fnukad ls nks o’kZ ds Hkhrj ugha cqykbZ tk;sxhA ¼4½ bl /kkjk ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, mi iz/kku dks gVkus dh izfdz;k Hkh] tks ,slh cSBd esa vuqlfjr dh tk;] ogh gksxh] tks fu;r dh tk,AÀ 7 v/;k; 4 ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 dh “kfDr;ka] drZO;] dR̀; rFkk iz”kklu 5 ¿15&& ,sls “krksZa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tSlh jkT; ljdkj] le;&le; ij] fofufnZ’V djs] izR;sd xzke iapk;r fuEufyf[kr dR̀;ksa dk lEiknu djsxh( vFkkZr~ %& xzke iapk;r ds d`R; 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1962 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1973 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 11 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 28 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 13 o’kZ 2006 dh /kkjk 4 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 5 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 8- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 05 o’kZ 2007 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 27 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 15À ¼,d½ df̀’k] ftlds vUrxZr df̀’k foLrkj Hkh gS( ¼d½ df̀’k vkSj ckxokuh dk fodkl vkSj izksUufr( ¼[k½ catj Hkwfe vkSj pkjkxkg Hkwfe dk fodkl vkSj muds vuf/kd̀r ladze.k vkSj iz;ksx dh jksdFkke djukA ¼nks½ Hkwfe fodkl] Hkwfe lq/kkj dk dk;kZUo;u] pdcUnh vkSj Hkwfe laj{k.k & ¼d½ Hkwfe fodkl] Hkwfe lq/kkj vkSj Hkwfe laj{k.k eas ljdkj vkSj vU; ,tsfUl;ksa dh lgk;rk djuk( ¼[k½ Hkwfe pdcUnh eas lgk;rk djukA ¼rhu½ y?kq flapkbZ] ty O;oLFkk vkSj ty vkPNknu fodkl & ¼d½ y?kq flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa ls ty forj.k eas izcU/k vkSj lgk;rk djuk( ¼[k½ y?kq flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa dk fuekZ.k] ejEer vkSj vuqj{k.k flapkbZ ds mn~ns”; ls tykiwfrZ dk fofu;euA ¼pkj½ Ik”kqikyu] nqX/k m|ksx vkSj dqDdqV ikyu( ¼d½ ikyrw tkuojksa] dqDdqVksa vkSj vU; Ik”kq/kuksa dh uLyksa dk lq/kkj djuk( ¼[k½ nqX/k m|ksx] dqDdqV ikyu] lwvj ikyu bR;kfn dh izksUufrA ¼ikap½ eRL; ikyu% xkoksa eas eRL; ikyu dk fodklA ¼N%½ lkekftd vkSj df̀’k okfudh% ¼d½ lM+dksa vkSj lkoZtfud Hkwfe ds fdukjksa ij o{̀kkjksi.k vkSj ifjj{k.k( ¼[k½ lkekftd vkSj df̀’k okfudh vkSj js”ke mRiknu dk fodkl vkSj izksUufrA ¼lkr½ y?kq ou mRikn % y?kq ou mRiknksa dh izksUufr vkSj fodklA ¼vkB½ y?kq m|ksx % ¼d½ y?kq m|ksxksa ds fodkl eas lgk;rk djuk( ¼[k½ LFkkuh; O;kijksa dh izksUufrA ¼ukS½ dqVhj vkSj xzke m|ksx % ¼d½ df̀’k vkSj okf.kfT;d m|ksxksa ds fodkl eas lgk;rk djuk( ¼[k½ dqVhj m|ksxksa dh izksUufrA ¼nl½ xzkeh.k vkokl % ¼d½ xzkeh.k vkokl dk;Zdzeksa dk dk;kZUo;u( ¼[k½ vkokl LFkyksa dk forj.k vkSj muls lEcfU/kr vfHkys[kksa dk vuqj{k.kA ¼X;kjg½ is;ty % ihus] diM+k /kksus] Luku djus ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, ty lEHkj.k ds fy, lkoZtfud dqvksa] rkykcksa vkSj iks[kjksa dk fuekZ.k] ejEer vkSj vuqj{k.k vkSj ihus ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, ty lEHkj.k ds lzksrksa dk fofu;euA 28 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 15À ¼ckjg½ bZU/ku vkSj pkjk Hkwfe % ¼d½ bZU/ku vkSj pkjk Hkwfe ls lEcfU/kr ?kkl vkSj ikSa/kksa dk fodkl( ¼[k½ pkjk Hkwfe ds vfu;fer vUrj.k ij fu;a=.kA ¼rsjg½ lM+dsa] iqfy;k] iqyksa] ukSdk?kkV] tyekxZ vkSj lapkj ds vU; lk/ku % ¼d½ xzke dh lM+dksa] iqfy;ksa] iqyksa vkSj ukSdk?kkVksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj vuqj{k.k( ¼[k½ tyekxksZa dk vuqj{k.k( ¼x½ lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij ls vfrdze.k dks gVkukA ¼pkSng½ xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k % lkoZtfud ekxksZa vkSj vU; LFkkuksa ij izdk”k miyC/k djkuk vkSj vuqj{k.k djukA ¼iUnzg½ xSj&ikjEifjd ÅtkZ lzksr % xzke eas xSj&ikjEifjd ÅtkZ lzksrksa ds dk;Zdzeksa dk fodkl vkSj izksUufr vkSj mudk vuqj{k.kA ¼lksyg½ xjhch mi”keu dk;Zdze % xjhch mi”keu dk;Zdzeksa dh izksUufr vkSj dk;kZUo;uA ¼l=g½ f”k{kk] ftlds vUrxZr izkjfEHkd vkSj ek/;fed fo|ky; Hkh gS % f”k{kk ds ckjs eas lkoZtfud psrukA ¼vV~Bkjg½ rduhdh izf”k{k.k vkSj O;olkf;d f”k{kk % xzkeh.k dyk vkSj f”kYidkjksa dh izksUufrA ¼mUuhl½ izkS< vkSj vukSipkfjd f”k{kk % izkS< lk{kjrk dh izksUufrA ¼chl½ iqLrdky; % iqLrdky;ksa vkSj okpuky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh vuqj{k.kA ¼bDdhl½ [ksydwn vkSj lkaLdf̀rd dk;Z % ¼d½ lkekftd vkSj lkaLdf̀rd fdz;k&dykiksa dh izksUufr( ¼[k½ fofHkUu R;kSgkjksa ij lkaLdf̀rd laxksf’B;ksa dk vk;kstu( ¼x½ [ksydwn ds fy, xzkeh.k Dycksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj vuqj{k.kA ¼ckbZl½ cktkj vkSj esys % iapk;r {ks=ksa eas esyksa] cktkjksa vkSj gkVksa dk fofu;euA ¼rsbZl½ fpfdRlk vkSj LoPNrk % ¼d½ xzkeh.k LoPNrk dh izksUufr( ¼[k½ egkekfj;ksa ds fo:) jksdFkke( ¼x½ euq’; vkSj Ik”kq Vhdkdj.k ds dk;Zdze( ¼?k½ NqV~Vk Ik”kq vkSj Ik”kq/ku ds fo:) fuokjd dk;Zokgh( ¼³½ tUe] èR;q vkSj fookg dk jftLVªhdj.kA 29 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 15d&16À ¼pkSchl½ ifjokj dY;k.k % ifjokj dY;k.k dk;Zdzeksa dh izksUufr vkSj fdz;kUo;u% ¼iPphl½ vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, ;kstuk % xzke iapk;r ds {ks= ds vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, ;kstuk rS;kj djukA ¼NCchl½ izlwfr vkSj cky fodkl % ¼d½ xzke iapk;r Lrj ij efgyk ,oa cky fodkl dk;Zdzeksa ds fdz;kUo;u eas Hkkx ysuk( ¼[k½ cky LokLF; vkSj iks’k.k dk;Zdzeksa dh izksUufr ( ¼lÙkkbl½ lekt dY;k.k] ftlds vUrxZr fodykxksa vkSj ekufld :Ik ls ean O;fDr;ksa dk dY;k.k Hkh gS % ¼d½ o)̀koLFkk vkSj fo/kok isU”ku ;kstukvksa eas lgk;rk djuk( ¼[k½ fodykxksa vkSj ekufld :Ik ls eUn O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k dks lfEefyr djrs gq, lekt dY;k.k dk;Zdzeksa eas Hkkx ysukA ¼vV~Bkbl½ detksj oxksZa vkSj fof”k’Vr;k vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dk dY;k.k % ¼d½ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj lekt ds vU; detksj oxksZa ds fy, fof”k’V dk;Zdzeksa ds dk;kZUo;u eas Hkkx ysuk( ¼[k½ lkekftd U;k; ds fy, ;kstukvksa dh rS;kjh vkSj dk;kZUo;uA ¼mUrhl½ lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh % ¼d½ vR;ko”;d oLrqvksa ds forj.k ds lEcU/k eas lkoZtfud psruk dh izksUufr( ¼[k½ lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh dk vuqJo.kA ¼rhl½ lkeqnkf;d vkfLr;ksa dk vuqj{k.k % lkeqnkf;d vkfLr;ksa dk ifjj{k.k vkSj vuqj{k.kA 15&d&& xzke iapk;r izfro’kZ iapk;r {ks= ds fy, ,d fodkl ;kstuk rS;kj djsxh vkSj mls lEcfU/kr {ks= iapk;r dks ,sls fnukad ds iwoZ vkSj ,sls izk:Ik vkSj jhfr esa] tSlh fu;r dh tk;] izsf’kr djsxhA ;kstuk dk rS;kj djuk 16& jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk vkSj ,slh “krksZa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tSlh mleas fofufnZ’V dh tk;] fuEufyf[kr eas ls ;k lHkh d`R;ksa dks xzke iapk;rksa dks leuqnsf”kr dj ldrh gS( vFkkZr~ %& d`R̀;] tks fd fdlh xzke iapk;r dks leuqnsf”kr fd, tk ldrs gSa ¼d½ iapk;r {ks= eas fLFkr fdlh ou dh O;oLFkk vkSj vuqj{k.k( ¼[k½ iapk;r {ks= ds Hkhrj] fLFkr ljdkj dh catj Hkwfe] pkjkxkg Hkwfe ;k [kkyh iM+h Hkwfe dh O;oLFkk( ¼x½ fdlh dj dk Hkw&jktLo dk laxzg vkSj lEcfU/kr vfHkys[kksa dk vuqj{k.kAÀ 1 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 30 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 16d&18À ¿16&d&& ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 ] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 dh vf/kdkfjrk ds ckgj ds ,sls laxBuksa] laLFkkvksa ,oa dR̀;ksa ds fy, va”knku ds :Ik eas ,slh /kujkf”k;ka ns ldrh gS] tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk vuqefr nsAÀ 1 vf/kdkfjrk ds ckgj ds laxBuksa vkfn dks va”knku nsus dh “kfDr 17&& ¿xzke Ikapk;rÀ 3 dk viuh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj fLFkr ,slh leLr lkoZtfud lM+dksa uknZu bafM;k dSuky ,saM Ms~sust ,sDV] 1873 dh /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa ;Fkk ifjHkkf’kr ugjksa ls fHkUu ,sls tyekxksZa ij tks futh lM+d vFkok tyekxZ u gks vkSj tks jkT; ljdkj vFkok ftyk ifj’kn~ vFkok jkT; ljdkj }kjk fofufnZ’V fdlh vU; izkf/kdkjh ds fu;U=.k eas u gks] fu;U=.k gksxk vkSj og mlds vuqj{k.k vksj ejEer ds fy, leLr vko”;d dk;Z dj ldrh gS vkSj&& lkoZtfud lM+dksa] ty& ekxksZa rFkk vU; fo’k;ksa ds lEcU/k eas ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 3 dh “kfDr 1873 dk ,sDV la0 8 ¼d½ u, iqyksa vFkok iqfy;ksa dk fuekZ.k dj ldrh gS( ¼[k½ fdlh lkoZtfud lM+d iqfy;k vFkok iqy dks nwljh fn”kk esa eksM+ ldrh gS] fojfer dj ldrh gS ;k mls cUn dj ldrh gS( ¼x½ ikl&iM+ksl ds [ksrksa dks U;wure {kfr iagqpdj fdlh lkoZtfud lM+d] iqfy;k vFkok iqy dks pkSMk+ dj ldrh gS] mls [ksy ldrh gS] mldk foLrkj dj ldrh gS vFkok mleas vU;= izdkj ls lq/kkj dj ldrh gS( ¼?k½ ty&ekxksZa dks xgjk dj ldrh gS vFkok mldk vU; izdkj ls lq/kkj dj ldrh gS( ¿¼³½ fu;r izkf/kdkjh dh Lohdf̀r ls vkSj tgka uknZu bafM;k dSuky ,sUM Ms~ust ,sDV] 1873 ds v/khu dksbZ ugj fo|eku gks rks flapkbZ foHkkx ds ,sls vf/kdkjh dh Lohdf̀r ls Hkh] ftls jkT; ljdkj fu;r djs] /kkjk 15 ds [k.M ¼;w½ ds v/khu vkns”k }kjk fofufnZ’V y?kq flapkbZ iz;kstukvksa ds vfrfjDr y?kq flapkbZ iz;kstuk;sa izkjEHk dj ldrh gS(À 2 ¼p½ lkoZtfud lM+d ij fudyh gqbZ fdlh >kMh+ ;k fdlh o{̀k dh fdlh “kk[kk dks dkV ldrh gS( ¼N½ fdlh lkoZtfud tyekxZ dks ihus vFkok ikd fdz;k lEcU/kh iz;kstuks a ds fy, iF̀kd fd;k tkuk vf/klwfpr dj ldrh gS vkSj Luku djus] diM+k /kksus vkSj i”kqvksa ds ugykus vFkok ,sls vU; dk;ksZa ds fy, fd, tkus dk ftuls bl izdkj iF̀kd fd, x, tyekxZ ds nwf’kr gksus dh laHkkouk gks] izfr’ks/k dj ldrh gS % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkj }kjk rnFkZ fu;r izkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ vuqefr ds fcuk [k.M ¼N½ ds v/khu dksbZ ,slh ckr u dh tk;xh ftldk izHkko uknZu bafM;k dSuky ,saM Msªust ,sDV] 1873 }kjk “kkflr ugj ij iMs+A 18&& lQkbZ ds lq/kkj ds fy, ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 ] uksfVl }kjk fdlh Hkwfe vFkok Hkou ds Lokeh vFkok v/;klh dks] mldh foRrh; fLFkfr dk fopkj djrs gq, vkSj mls mlds ikyu dk ;Fkksfpr le; nsdj fuEufyf[kr ds fy, funs”k ns ldrh gS %&& lQkbZ dk lq/kkj 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 33] 1961 dh vuqlwph 8 ¼2½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 10] 1965 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 29 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 31 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 19À ¼d½ ,slh Hkwfe vFkok Hkou ls lEcfU/kr fdlh “kkSpky;] ew=ky;] ikonku] ukyh] eydwi vFkok xyht] lyst&ty ;k eyok ;k dwMk+&djdV ds vu; ik= dks cUn djus] gVkus] ifjofrZr djus] ejEer djus] lkQ djus] dhVk.kq jfgr djus vFkok vPNh gkyr esa j[kus vFkok ,sls fdlh “kkSpky;] ew=ky; vFkok ukcnku] ds] tks fdlh lM+d ;k ukyh dh vksj [kqyrk gks] fdlh njokts ;k tkyh dks gVkus ;k ifjofrZr djus vFkok fdlh ukyh dk fuekZ.k djus] vFkok ,sls “kkSpky;] ew=ky; vFkok ukcnku dks i;kZIr Nr vkSj nhoky ;k ?ksjs ls cUn djus] ftlls m/kj ls vkus tkus okys rFkk iMks+l esa jgus okys O;fDr mls u ns[k ldsa( ¼[k½ fdlh futh dq;sa] rkykc] tyk”k;] gkSt] dqaM] xrZ] xM~<~s ;k mlesa fd, x, [knku dks] tks ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dks ikl&iMks+l ds o;fDr;ksa ds LokLF; ds fy, gkfudj vFkok nqxZU/k;qDr izrhr gks] lkQ djus] mldh ejEer djus] mls <dus ikVus] fuLlkfjr djus] xgjk djus vFkok mldk ty fudkyus ds fy,( ¼x½ fdlh ouLifr] ò{kksa ds uhps mxh gqbZ >kkfM+;ksa] ukxQuh] >kM+ >a[kM+ dks lkQ djus ds fy,( ¼?k½ /kwy] xkscj] ey] [kkn vFkok dksbZ gkfudj ;k nqxZU/k;qDr inkFkZ dks ogka ls gVkus vFkok Hkwfe vFkok Hkou dks lkQ djus ds fy, % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd og O;fDr] ftl ij [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu uksfVl rkehy dh tk;] uksfVl izkIr djus ds fnuakd ls 30 fnu ds Hkhrj ftyk LokLF; vf/kdkjh dks mDr uksfVl ds fo:) vihy dj ldrk gS tks mls cny ldrk gS] jn~n dj ldrk gS vFkok mldh iqf’V dj ldrk gSA 19&& ¼1½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 && ¼d½ ,sls fu;eksa ds v/khu gjrs gq;s] tks ikB;dze v/;kidksa ds lsok;kstu rFkk vgZrk vkSj fo|ky; ds i;Zos{k.k ds laca/k esa fu;r fd;s tk;a] fdlh fo|eku izkjfEHkd fo|ky; dh] ftlesa mlds Hkou vkSj QuhZpj lfEefyr gS] vuqjf{kr djsxh rFkk mlds leqfpr dk;Zdj.k ds fy;s mRrjnk;h gksxh vkSj blh izdkj og fdlh u;s fo|ky; dks LFkkfir rFkk vuqjf{kr dj ldrh gS vFkok fdlh fo|eku fo|ky; dk lq/kkj dj ldrh gS( fo|ky;ksa rFkk fpfdRlky;ksa dk vuqj{k.k vkSj lq/kkj ¼[k½ ,sls fu;eksa ds v/khu jgrs gq;s tks LFkkiuk] vuqj{k.k rFkk i;Zos{k.k ds lca/k esa fu;r fd;s tk;sa] fdlh fo|eku vk;qosZfnd ¿gksE;ksiSfFkdÀ 1 vFkok ;wukuh fpfdRlky; vFkok vkS’k/kky; dks] ftlesa mldk Hkou vkSj lkt&lTtk Hkh lfEefyr gSa] vuqjf{kr djsxh vkSj blh izdkj Åij mfYyf[kr fpfdRlk iz.kkfy;ksa esa ls ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd iz.kkfy;ksa ds fy;s u;k fpfdRlky; vFkok vkS’k/kky; LFkkfir vkSj vuqjf{kr dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ ,sls fo|ky;] fpfdRlky; vFkok vkS’k/kky; ds fy;s ftyk ifj’kn~ vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk ,sls vuqnku fn;s tk;saxs] tks fu;r fd;s tk;saA ¿***À 2 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 19 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/k0 la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 15 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 32 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 20&24À ¿20&& ;fn ikl&iMks+l dh ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 8 ds fdlh lewg ds fy, izkjfEHkd fo|ky; ;k vk;qosZfnd] gksE;ksiSfFkd ;k ;wukuh vkS’k/kky; u gks] vFkok mls vius lkekU; ykHk ds fy;s fdlh lM+d vFkok iqy dh vko”;drk gks] rks mldh ¿xkao iapk;rsaÀ 6 ] ;fn fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk ,slk funs”k fn;k tk;] ,sls fo|ky;] fpfdRlky; vFkok vkS’k/kky; dks LFkkfir vkSj vuqjf{kr djus ds fy, vFkok ,slh lM+d vFkok ,sls iqy dks fufeZr ;k vuqjf{kr djus ds fy, ,d esa lfEefyr gks tk;axh vkSj mldk izcU/k rFkk foRriks’k.k fu;r jhfr ls fd;k tk;xkA ,sls fo|ky; fpfdRlky;] vkS’k/kky;] lM+d vFkok iqy ds fy, jkT; ljdkj vkSj ftyk ifj’kn~ }kjk ,sls vuqnku fn;s tk;saxs tks fu;r fd;s tk;aAÀ 7 ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 8 esa fdlh lewg ds fy, izkjfEHkd fo|ky;] fpfdRlky;] vkS’k/kky;] lM+d vFkok iqy dh LFkkiuk 21&& ;fn jkT; ljdkj }kjk ,slk fu;r fd;k tk; vkSj tgka rd O;ogk;Z gks] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 vius {ks= ds Hkhrj fdlh ljdkjh lsod dks viuk drZO; ikyu djus es a lgk;rk nsxhA ljdkjh lsodksa dh lgk;rk 22&& ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 lewfpr izkf/kdkjh dks&& ¼d½ viuh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj fuokl djus okys O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds laca/k esa dksbZ vH;kosnu ns ldrh gS( vkSj ¼[k½ ,slh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 8 dh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj fdlh {ks= esa dk;Z djus okys flapkbZ foHkkx ds irjkSy] iVokjh ¿vFkok ys[kiky] xkao ds pkSdhnkjÀ 1 vFkok eqf[k;k dks fu;qDr] LFkkukUrfjr vFkok inP;qr djus ds laca/k esa flQkfj”k dj ldrh gSA ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 8 }kjk vH;kosnu rFkk flQkfj”ksa 23&& fdlh vehu] vknsf”kdk&okgd] Vhdk yxkus okys] dkLVsfcy] ¿xkao ds pkSdhnkjÀ 3 iVokjh] flapkbZ foHkkx ds ¿irjkSy rFkk uydwy&pkyd] cu j{kd] ou foHkkx ds pkSdhnkj] izkjfEHkd fo|ky; ds v/;kid] dkth&gkml j{kd] xkao ds LVkdeSuÀ 4 vFkok fdlh ljdkjh foHkkx ds pijklh }kjk ¿viusÀ 2 ljdkjh drZO;ksa ds ikyu esa vopkj ds lEcU/k esa xkao iapk;r dh vf/kdkfjrk esa fuokl djus okys fdlh O;fDr ls ifjokn izkIr gksus ij ,slh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 ] ;fn izR;{kr% dksbZ lk{; miyC/k gS] mls viuh fjiksVZ ds lkFk leqfpr izkf/kdkjh dks HkstsxhA izkf/kdkjh ,slh vxzsrj tkap djus ds mijkUr] tks visf{kr gks] leqfpr dk;Zokgh djsxk vkSj ¿xkao iapk;rÀ 5 dks mlds ifj.kke dh lwpuk nsxkA dfri; deZpkfj;ksa ds vopkj ds ckjs esa tkap djus rFkk fjiksVZ djus dh “kfDr 24&& ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ] tSlk fd fu;r fd;k tk;] vkSj viuh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj fdlh {ks= ds laca/k esa fuEufyf[kr ls lafonk dj ldrh gS%& ¿¼d½ jkT; ljdkj vFkok fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ls jkT; ;k ,sls LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dks ns; fdUgha djksa vFkok ns;ksa dh olwyh djus dss fy, ,slh olwyh dk O;; Hkqxrku fd;s tkus ij] tks fu;r fd;k tk;( ;kÀ 5 ¿¼[k½ jkT; ljdkj vFkok fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ls fdlh dk;Z dks ,sls fucU/kuksa ij djus ds fy, ftuds laca/k esa djkj fd;k tk;AÀ 6 Lokfe;ksa ds fy, dj rFkk vU; {ks=ksa dh olwyh ds fy, lafonk djus dh “kfDr 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 20 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 2- mi;ZqDr dh /kkjk 21 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 21 ¼2½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 21 ¼3½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 22 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 22 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- m0iz0 vf/k0 la0 33] 1961 dh vuqlwph 8 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 33 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 25À ¿25&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh mica/k] fdlh mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e] fu;e] fofu;e ;k mifof/k eas ;k fdlh U;k;ky; ds fdlh fu.kZ; fMdzh ;k vkns”k eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh && deZpkfjoxZ ¼d½ jkT; lHkk] lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk] ,sls fdlh deZpkjh ;k deZpkfj;ksa ds oxZ dks] tks jkT; ds dk;Zdyki ds laca/k eas lsokjr gks] ,sls inuke ls] ftls vkns”k eas fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;] xzke iapk;rksa ds v/khu lsok djus ds fy, LFkkukUrfjr dj ldrh gS vkSj rnqijkUr ,sls deZpkjh ;k deZpkfj;ksa dh rSukrh fdlh ftys dh xzke iapk;rksa eas ,sls izf/kdkjh }kjk ,slh jhfr ls dh tk;sxh] tSlh jkT; ljdkj }kjk vf/klwfpr dh tk;( ¼[k½ fdlh xzke iapk;r eas bl izdkj LFkkukUrfjr vkSj rSukr fd, tkus ij deZpkjh ;k deZpkjhx.k mUgha fuca/kuksa vkSj “krksZa ij vkSj lsokfuòfÙk ykHkksa vkSj vU; fo’k;ksa ds laca/k eas ftleas inksUufr Hkh lfEefyr gS] mUgha vf/kdkjksa vkSj fo”ks’kkf/kdkjksa ds lkFk] tks ,sls LFkkukUrj.k ds Bhd iwoZ mu ij iz;ksT; gksrs] xzke iapk;r ds fu;a=.k vkSj Ik;Zos{k.k ds v/khu lsok djsaxs vkSj ,sls drZO;ksa dk ikyu djsaxs] tks mUgsa jkT; ljdkj }kjk le;&le; ij fofufnZ’V fd, tk;aA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, dksbZ xzke iapk;r] fu;r izkf/kdkjh ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ds Ik”pkr~ le;&le; ij ,sls deZpkfj;ksa dks] ftUgsa og bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vius dR̀;ksa dk n{krkiw.kZ fuoZgu djus ds fy, vko”;d le>s] ,slh izfdz;k ds vuqlkj] tSlh fu;r dh tk;] fu;qDr dj ldrh gS % izfrca/k ;g gS fd xzke iapk;r] fu;r izkf/kdkjh ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ds fcuk fdlh in dks lf̀tr ugha djsxhA ¼3½ xzke iapk;r dks ,slh “krksZa vkSj fucZU/kuksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, vkSj ,slh izfdz;k ds vuqlkj] tSlh fu;r dh tk;] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fu;qDr deZpkfj;ksa ij fdlh Hkh izdkj dk n.M vf/kjksfir djus dh “kfDr gksxhA ¼4½ ,slh “krksZa vkSj fucZU/kuksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, ftUgsa fu;r fd;k tk;] xzke iapk;r mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fu;qDr deZpkfj;ksa ij fdlh y?kqn.M dks vf/kjksfir djus dh “kfDr iz/kku gks ;k viuh fdlh lfefr dks izfrfufgr dj ldrh gSA ¼5½ mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu fdlh deZpkjh ij dksbZ n.M vf/kjksfir djus ds fdlh vkns”k ds fo:) vihy ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k lfefr dh gksxh] ftls jkT; ljdkj vf/klwpuk }kjk fofufnZ’V djsA ¼6½ fu;r izkf/kdkjh ,slh “krksZa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tks fu;r dh tk;] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ eas fufnZ’V fdlh deZpkjh dks ,d xzke iapk;r ls mlh ftys dh nwljh xzke iapk;r dks LFkkukUrfjr dj ldrk gS vkSj jkT; ljdkj] ;k ,slk vU; vf/kdkjh] ftls bl fufeÙk jkT; ljdkj }kjk l”kDr fd;k tk;] blh izdkj fdlh ,sls deZpkjh dks ,d ftys ls nwljs ftys eas LFkkukUrfjr dj ldrk gSA ¼7½ U;k; iapk;r] fu;r izkf/kdkjh ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ls] fdlh O;fDr dks vius deZpkfjoxZ eas fu;r jhfr ls fu;qDr dj ldrh gSA bl izdkj fu;qDr O;fDr fu;r izkf/kdkjh ds iz”kkldh; fu;a=.k eas jgsxk] ftldks mls LFkkukUrfjr djus] n.M nsus] fuyfEcr djus] lsok&eqDr djus ;k inP;qr djus dh “kfDr gksxhA ¼8½ mi/kkjk ¼7½ ds v/khu fdlh O;fDr dks n.M nsus] fuyfEcr djus] lsokeqDr djus ;k inP;qr djus okys fu;r izkf/kdkjh ds fdlh vkns”k ds fo:) vihy jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl fufeÙk fu;qDr izkf/kdkjh dks gksxhA 34 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 25d&28À 25&d&& jkT; ljdkj ;k ,slk vf/kdkjh ;k izkf/kdkjh] ftls jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl fufeÙk l”kDr fd;k tk;] /kkjk 25 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ eas ;k mi/kkjk ¼2½ eas] fufnZ’V deZpkfj;ksa eas ls lsdzsVjh fu;qDr djsxk] tks ,slh xzke iapk;r ;k xzke iapk;rksa] lacaf/kr xzke lHkkvksa vkSj U;k; iapk;rksa] ftldh izknsf”kd lhekvksa ds Hkhrj ,slh xzke iapk;r fLFkr gks] ds lsdzsVjh ds :Ik eas dk;Z djsxk vkSj ,sls vU; drZO;kksa dk ikyu djsxk] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk ;k ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k izkf/kdkjh }kjk] ftls jkT; ljdkj bl fufeÙk l”kDr djs] fofufnZ’V fd, tk,aAÀ 5 lsdszzVjh 26&& ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 2 dk lnL; fdlh cSBd esa dksbZ ladYi izLrqr dj ldrk gS vkSj iz/kku ;k mi iz/kku ls ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 2 ds iz”kklu ls lacaf/kr fo’k;ksa ds lEcU/k esa iz”u fu;r jhfr ls iwN ldrk gSA ìFkd&ìFkd lnL;ksa dk vf/kdkj ¿27&& ¼1½ izR;sd ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dk] iz/kku ;k miiz/kku] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu la?kfVr ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 2 ;k la;qDr lfefr ;k fdlh vU; lfefr dk izR;sd lnL; vkSj izR;sd U;k; iapk;r dk ljiap] lgk;d ljiap ;k iap] ;FkkfLFkfr ¿xzke iapk;r ;k U;k; iapk;rÀ 4 ds /ku ;k lEifRr dh gkfu] nqO;Z; ;k nq:i;kstu ds fy, vf/kHkkj dk nsunkj gksxk] ;fn ,slh gkfu] nqO;Z; ;k nq:i;kstu mlds ,slk iz/kku] mi iz/kku] lnL;] ljiap] lgk;d ljiap ;k iap jgus dh vof/k esa mldh mis{kk ;k vopkj ds izR;{k ifj.kkeLOk:i gqvk gks % vf/kHkkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slh gkfu nqO;Z; ;k nq:i;kstu ds gksus ls nl o’kZ dh lekfIr ;k ml fnukad ls tc nsunkj O;fDr vius in ij u jg tk; ikap o’kZ lekfIr] tks Hkh i”pkrorhZ gks] ds i”pkr~ ,slk nkf;Ro lekIr gks tk;xkA ¼2½ fu;r izkf/kdkjh ml izfdz;k ds vuqlkj] tks fu;r dh tk;] vf/kHkkj dh /kujkf”k fuf”pr djsxk vkSj dysDVj dks ml /kujkf”k dk izek.k&i= Hkstsxk] tks ;g lek/kku gks tkus ij fd /kujkf”k ns; gS] mls Hkw&jkTkLo dh cdk;k dh Hkkafr olwy djsxkA ¼3½ vf/kHkkj dh /kujkf”k fu;r djus ds fu;r izkf/kdkjh ds vkns”k ls O;fFkr dksbZ O;fDr] ,sls vkns”k ds rhl fnu ds Hkhrj jkT; ljdkj ;k ,sls vU; vihy izkf/kdkjh] dks] tks fu;r fd;k tk; vkSj vkns”k ds fo:) vihy dj ldrk gSA ¼4½ tgkaa mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa fofufnZ’V vf/kHkkj fu;r djus vkSj mls olwy djus dh dk;Zokgh u dh tk;] ogka jkT; ljdkj nsunkj O;fDr ds fo:) ,slh gkfu] nqO;; ;k nq:i;kstu ds izfrdj ds fy, okn lafLFkr dj ldrh gSAÀ 1 28&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu la?kfVr U;k; iapk;r] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 2 ] l;aqDr lfefr vFkok fdlh vU; lfefr dk izR;sd lnL; vFkok lsod Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk dh /kkjk 21 ds vFkZ vUrxZr yksd lsod le>k tk;xkA lnL; rFkk lsod yksd lsod gksaxs 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 17 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼[k½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1999 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 35 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 28d&28 [kÀ ¿28&d&& ¼1½ ¿***À 4 ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 Hkwfe&izcU/kd lfefr Hkh gksxh vkSj bl :i esa og mRrj izns”k tehankjh fouk”k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950] dh /kkjk 117 vFkok mDr vf/kfu;e ds fdlh vU; micU/k ds v/khu ¿xzke iapk;r dhÀ 5 ;k mlesa fufgr vFkok mlds }kjk /k`r lHkh lEifRr ds j[k&j[kko] laj{k.k rFkk i;Zos{k.k laca/kh drZO;ksa dk ikyu djsxhA ¼2½ iz/kku rFkk mi iz/kku Hkwfe&izcU/kd lfefr ds dze”k% lHkkifr rFkk mi lHkkifr gksaxs] vkSj ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 dh vf/kdkfjrk ds vUrxZr vkus okys {ks= dk] ys[kiky mldk lsdszVjh gksxkAÀ 1 Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefr mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1] 1951 ¿28&[k&& ¼1½ Hkwfe&izcU/kd lfefr ij] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ds fy, rFkk mldh vksj ls /kkjk 28&d esa vfHkfn’V leLr lEifRr] ftlds vUrxZr] fuEufyf[kr Hkh gS] ds lkekU; izcU/k] ifjj{k.k rFkk fu;U=.k dk Hkkj gksxk&& Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefr ds d`R; ¼d½ Hkwfe dk cUnkscLr rFkk izcU/k fdUrq blds vUrxZr mRrj izns”k tehankjh fouk”k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 dh /kkjk 117 ds v/khu vFkok mDr vf/kfu;e ds fdlh vU; micU/k ds v/khu ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 esa rRle; fufgr fdlh lEifRr dk vUrj.k ugha gS( ¼[k½ ou rFkk ò{kksa dk ifjj{k.k] vuqj{k.k rFkk fodkl( ¼x½ vkcknh LFkyksa rFkk xzke lapkj lk/kuksa dk vuqj{k.k vkSj fodkl( ¼?k½ gkVksa] cktkjksa rFkk esyksa dk izcU/k( ¼³½ tyk”k;ksa vkSj rkykcksa dk vuqj{k.k rFkk fodkl( ¼p½ tksr pdcUnh esa lgk;rk nsuk( ¼N½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 }kjk mlds fo:) lfefr ds dR̀;ksa ls lEc) vFkok muls mn~Hkwr gksus okys oknksa rFkk dk;Zokfg;ksa dk lapkyu vkSj vfHk;kstu( ¼t½ mRrj izns”k tehankjh&fouk”k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 vFkok fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fer ds v/khu Hkwfe&izcU/kd lfefr dks fo”ks’kr% vH;fiZr dR̀;ksa dk lEiknu( vkSj ¼>½ ,sls izcU/k] ifjj{k.k rFkk fu;a=.k ls lEc) dksbZ vU; fo’k;] tks fofgr fd;k tk;( vkSj og ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dh mu lHkh “kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx dj ldrh gS tks ,sls drZO;ksa ds fuoZgu ds fy, vko”;d ;k vkuq’kafxd gksaAÀ 2 ¼2½ Hkwfe&izcU/kd lfefr mRrj izns”k tehankjh&fouk”k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 bZ0 ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, vius dk;Z djsxhA 1- m0aiz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1973 dh /kkjk 7 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 8 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 34 ¼d½ ¼,d½ }kjk fujflr 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 34 ¼d½ ¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 34 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 35 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 36 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 28x&29À ¿28&x&& ¼1½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 2 vU;Fkk Hkwfe&izcU/kd lfefr dk dksbZ lnL; ;k iVokjh] dysDVj dh fyf[kr vuqefr ds flok;] tkucw>dj Lo;a ;k vius Hkkxhnkj ds ek/;e ls ;k vU;Fkk lacaf/kr lfefr ds lkFk] mlds }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls fdlh ykblsl] iVV~s] fodz;] fofue; lafonk ;k lsok;kstu esa dksbZ va”k; LoRo u rks vftZr djsxk ;k u vftZr djus dk iz;kl djsxk ;k u rks mlds laca/k esa vuqcU/k djsxk ;k u mls izkIr djus ds fy, lger gksxk ;k u mls /kkj.k djrk jgsxk % lnL; rFkk vf/kdkjh] Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefr ds lkFk lafonkvksa vkfn eas LrRo ugha vftZr djsaxs izfrcU/k ;g gS fd dsoy fuEufyf[kr ds dkj.k fdlh O;fDr dks fdlh lafonk lsok;kstu esa dksbZ va”k ;k LoRo vftZr fd;s gq, ;k vftZr djus dk iz;kl fd;s gq, ;k mls /kkj.k fd;s gq, ;k mlds laca/k esa vuqcU/k fd;s gq, ;k ,ls izkIr djus ds fy, lger gq, u le>k tk;sxk fd&& ¼d½ mlus lnL; in/kkjh gksus ls iwoZ dksbZ LoRo vftZr fd;k gS] ¼[k½ og ml TokbaV LVkd lEiuh esa] ftlus lafonk fd;k gS] dksbZ va”k /kkj.k djrk gS] rFkk ¼x½ og ,slh oLrq ds] ftlesa og fdlh ,d o’kZ esa 50 :0 ls vuf/kd ewY; rd dk fu;fer :i ls O;kikj djrk gksa] lacaf/kr lfefr ds ek/;e ls ;nk dnk fd;s tkus okys fodz; esa dksbZ va”k ;k LoRo /kkj.k djrk gSA ¼2½ dksbZ Hkh U;k;ky; ;k vU; izkf/kdkjh fdlh O;fDr ds dgus ij ,sls fdlh lkSns ij vk/kkfjr nkok izofrZr ugha djsxk] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/kksa dk mYya?ku djrk gksAÀ 1 ¿29&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh vU; micU/k esa ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa esa fdlh izfrdwy ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh izR;sd xzke iapk;r] ,slh lfefr ;k lfefr;ka tSlh jkT; ljdkj }kjk le;&le; ij vf/klwfpr dh tk;] xzke iapk;r ds lHkh ;k fdUgha dR̀;ksa ds laiknu esa mldh lgk;rk djus ds fy, la?kfVr djsxh vkSj ,slh lfefr ;k lfefr;kasa dks viuh ,slh “kfDr;ka ;k dR̀; izfrfufgr dj ldrh gS] tSlh og mfpr le>sA lfefr;ka ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu la?kfVr izR;sd lfefr esa ,d lHkkifr vkSj N% vU; lnL; gksaxs] tks xzke iapk;r ds lnL;ksa }kjk vius esa ls fu;r jhfr ls fuokZfpr fd, tk;saxs% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slh izR;sd lfefr esa de ls de ,d efgyk] vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ;k vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dk ,d lnL; vkSj fiNM+s oxkZsa dk ,d lnL; gksxk % vxzÙkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkj vf/klwpuk }kjk] ;g funs”k ns ldrh gS fd iz/kku ;k mi iz/kku ;k xzke iapk;r dk dksbZ vU; lnL; ,slh fdlh lfefr dk lHkkifr gksxk %À 3 ¿ijUrq vxzsrj ;g Hkh fd fdlh fo’k; fo”ks’k ls lEcfU/kr fdl lfefr esa jkT; ljdkj fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh dks lg&lfpo in ukfer dj ldsxhAÀ 4 ¿¼3½ jkT; ljdkj vko”;drkuqlkj fdlh fo’k; fo”ks’k ds fy;s eq[; lfefr dh lgk;rkFkZ milfefr dk xBu vf/klwpuk }kjk dj ldsxhAÀ 5 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 33] 1961 dh vuqlwph 8 ¼2½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 33 o’kZ 1999 ds v/;k;&nks dh /kkjk 3 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 28 o’kZ 2003 dh /kkjk 2 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir rFkk vUrfoZ’VA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 2¼2½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 37 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 30&32À 30&& ¼1½ ,sls fu;eksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tks fu;r fd;s tk;a] nks ;k vf/kd ¿xzke iapk;rsaÀ 4 fdlh ,sls dk;Z dks djus ds iz;kstu ls] ftleas os la;qDr :Ik ls vfHk:fp j[krh gksa] ,slh la;qDr lfefr fu;qDr djus gsrq ftlesa muds izfrfuf/k lfEefyr gksa] fyf[kr }kjk lfEefyr gks ldrh gS( vkSj la;qDr lfefr ¼d½ fdlh la;qDr dk;Z ds fuekZ.k rFkk vuqj{k.k ds lEcU/k esa ,slh izR;sd ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ij cU/kudkjh dksbZ ;kstuk rS;kj djus ds fy;s vkSj ml “kfDr ds lEcU/k esa ftldk fdlh ,slh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 }kjk ,slh ;kstuk ds lEcU/k esa iz;ksx fd;k tk;] mu “krksZa ij ftUgsa vkjksfir djuk os mfpr le>sa] ,slh lfefr dks “kfDr izfrfufgr dj ldrh gS( vkSj ¼[k½ ,slh lfefr ds cus jgus] muds lnL;ksa ds dk;Zdky vkSj dk;Zokfg;ka rFkk i=&O;ogkj djus ds <aXk ds lEcU/k esa fu;e cuk ldrh gS ;k mUgsa ifj’dr̀ dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu dk;Z djrs gq, ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 4 esa ;fn dksbZ erHksn mRiUu gks] rks mls fu;r izkf/kdkjh dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tk;xk] ftldk fu.kZ; mlds lEcU/k esa vfUre gksxkA ¿¼3½ ;fn fu;r izkf/kdkjh ,slk funs”k ns rks nks ;k mlls vf/kd ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 4 /kkjk 15 vkSj 16 esa fofufnZ’V fdUgha dR̀;ksa dk la;qDr :i ls fuoZgu djus ds fy;s bl /kkjk ds v/khu la;qDr lfefr fu;qDr djsaxhAÀ 2 31&& ¿***À 5 v/;k;& 5 Hkwfe dk vtZu] xkao fuf/k rFkk lEifRr ¿32&& ¼1½ ¿izR;sd xzke iapk;r ds fy;s ,d xkao fuf/kÀ 6 gksxh vkSj ;g fuf/k /kkjk 41 ds v/khu ikfjr vk; vkSj O;; ds okf’kZd vuqeku ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, ¿xzke lHkkÀ 3 vFkok ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 vFkok mldh fdlh lfefr ij bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr }kjk vkjksfir drZO;ksa rFkk nkf;Roksa ds fuoZgu ds fy;s mi;ksx esa yk;h tk;sxhÀ 1 % xkao fuf/k ¿izfrcU/k ;g gS fd 1950 bZ0 dk mRrj izns”k tehankjh fouk”k vkSj Hkwfe O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e ds v/khu xkao fuf/k tek dh x;h leLr /kujkf”k;ksa ds ;ksx esa ls mDr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 125&d ds v/khu lagr xkao fuf/k esa tek dh x;h /kujkf”k dks ?kVkus ij cph /kujkf”k rd ,slh /kujkf”k] tks Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefr }kjk vius drZO;ksa vkSj nkf;Roksa dk fuoZgu djus ds fy;s mi;ksx esa ykus ds fy;s visf{kr gks] xkao fuf/k esa ls Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefr dks izfro’kZ miyC/k dh tk;sxh % 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 02] 1955 dh /kkjk 26 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1973 dh /kkjk 9 }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 37 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 38 }kjk fujflrA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 39 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 38 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 32dÀ vxzsrj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefr }kjk fuf/k;ksa dh vko”;drkvksa ds lEcU/k esa ,d vkSj Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefr vSj nwljh vksj ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 vFkok ¿xzke lHkkÀ 3 ds chp dksbZ erHksn gksus dh n”kk esa ekeyk iz/kku }kjk fu;r izkf/kdkjh dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tk;xk ftldk fu.kZ; cU/kudkjh gksxkAÀ 1 ¼2½ xkao fuf/k esa fuEufyf[kr tek fd;s tk;saxs %&& ¼d½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vkjksfir fdlh dj ls gksus okyh vk;( ¼[k½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dks nh x;h leLr /kujkf”k;ka( ¼x½ ^^foyst iapk;r ,sDV** ds v/khu igys ls fo|eku foyst iapk;r ds uke tek vo”ks’k] ;fn dksbZ gks( ¼?k½ ,slh lHkh /kujkf”k;ka ftUgsa xkao fuf/k ds [kkrs esa tek djus ds fy;s fdlh U;k;ky; }kjk vkns”k fn;k x;k gks ¿vFkok fdlh fof/k ds v/khu vis{kk dh x;kh gks(À 1 ¼³½ /kkjk 104 ds v/khu izkIr leLr /kujkf”k;ka( ¼p½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 ds lsodksa }kjk ,d= leLr /kwy] xUnxh] xkscj ;k dwMk+&djdV] ftlesa i”kqvksa ds “ko Hkh lfEefyr gS] dh fcdzh ls izkIr gksus okyh vk;( ¼N½ utwy dh lEifRr ds yxku vFkok mlls izkIr gksus okyh vU; vk; dk ,slk Hkkx ftls jkT; ljdkj xkao fuf/k ds [kkrs esa tek fd;s tkus dk funs”k ns( ¼t½ ¿ftyk ifj’kn~À 2 vFkok fdlh vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh }kjk xkao fuf/k esa va”knku ds :i esa nh xbZ /kujkf”k;ka( ¼>½ _.k vFkok nku Lo:i izkIr leLr /kujkf”k;ka( ¼¥½ ,slh vU; /kujkf”k;ka] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk fdlh fo”ks’k ;k lkekU; vkns”k }kjk xkao fuf/k dks vH;fiZr dh tk;a( ¼V½ leLr /kujkf”k;ka] tks /kkjk 24 vFkok fdlh vU; fof/k ds v/khu ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dks fdlh O;fDr vFkok fuxe vFkok jkT; ljdkj ls izkIr gqbZ gksa( ¿¼B½ jkT; dh lafpr fuf/k ls lgk;rk vuqnku ds :Ik eas izkIr leLr /kujkf”k;kaAÀ 5 ¼3½ bl /kkjk esa fdlh ckr dk] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ds fdlh ,sls nkf;Ro ij izHkko u iMs+xk tks oS/k :i ls ml ij vkjksfir ;k mlds }kjk Lohdr̀ U;kl ls mRiUu gksA ¿¼4½ xkao fuf/k eas ls /ku dk leLr vkgj.k vkSj mldk forj.k xzke iapk;r ds iz/kku vkSj lfpo }kjk la;qDr :Ik ls fd;k tk;sxkAÀ 7 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 33] 1961 dh vuqlwph 8 ¼2½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh vuqlwph 8 ¼2½ }kjk bl vf/kfu;e esa tgka dgh Hkh “kCn ^fMfLV~DV cksMZ* vk;k gS] “kCn **ftyk ifj’kn~** j[k fn;k x;k FkkA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 39¼[k½¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 39¼[k½¼nks½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 21] 1995 dh /kkjk 10 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 33 o’kZ 1999 ds v/;k;&nks dh /kkjk 4 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 39 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 32 dÀ ¿32&d&& ¼1½ jkT;iky] lafo/kku ¼frgÙkjoka la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1992 ds izkjEHk ls ,d o’kZ ds Hkhrj ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz vkSj mlds Ik”pkr~ izR;sd ikapos o’kZ ds volku ij xzke iapk;r] {ks= iapk;r vkSj ftyk iapk;r dh foÙkh; fLFkfr dk iqufoZyksdu djus ds fy, vkSj jkT;iky dks fuEufyf[kr dh ckcr flQkfj”kas djus ds fy, ,d foÙk vk;ksx dk xBu djsxk %& foÙk vk;ksx ¼d½ fl)kUr] tks fuEufyf[kr dks “kkflr djsaxs %&& ¼,d½ jkT; }kjk mn~xzghr djksa] “kqYdksa] iFkdjksa vkSj Qhlksa ds “kq) vkxe dk jkT; vkSj xzke iapk;rksa] {ks= iapk;rksa vkSj ftyk iapk;rksa ds chp forj.k] ftls muds chp forfjr fd;k tk ldsxk vkSj xzke iapk;rksa] {ks= iapk;rksa vkSj ftyk iapk;rksa ds chp ,sls vkxeksa ds vius&vius va”kksa dk vkoaVu( ¼nks½ ,sls djksa] “kqYdksa] iFkdjksa vkSj Qhlksa dk vo/kkj.kk] tks xzke iapk;rksa] {ks= iapk;rksa vkSj ftyk iapk;rksa dks leuqnsf”kr fd;s tk ldasxs ;k muds }kjk fofu;ksftr fd;s tk ldsaxs( ¼rhu½ jkT; dh lafpr fuf/k eas ls xzke iapk;rksa] {ks= iapk;rksa vkSj ftyk iapk;rksa dks lgk;rk vuqnku( ¼[k½ xzke iapk;rksa] {ks= iapk;rksa vkSj ftyk iapk;rksa dh foÙkh; fLFkfr eas lq/kkj djus ds fy, vko”;d v/;qik;( ¼x½ dksbZ vU; fo’k;] tks jkT;iky }kjk xzke iapk;rksa] {ks= iapk;rksa vkSj ftyk iapk;rksa dh Bksl foÙk O;oLFkk ds fgr eas foÙk vk;ksx dks fufnZ’V fd;k tk;A ¼2½ foÙk vk;ksx ds ,d v/;{k vkSj nks vU; lnL; gksaaxs] tks ,slh vgZrk,a j[ksaxs vkSj ,slh jhfr ls p;fur fd;s tk;saxs] tSlh fd fu;r dh tk;A ¼3½ foÙk vk;ksx viuh izfdz;k vo/kkfjr djsxkA ¼4½ foÙk vk;ksx dk v/;{k ;k dksbZ lnL; LokgLrk{kfjr vkSj jkT;iky dks lEcksf/kr i= }kjk viuk in R;kx ldrk gS fdUrq R;kxi= Lohdr̀ fd;s tkus rd vius in ij cuk jgsxkA ¼5½ foÙk vk;ksx ds v/;{k ;k fdlh lnL; ds in ij fdlh vkdfLed fjfDr dks mlds iwokZf/kdkjh “ks’k vof/k rd ds fy, Hkjk tk ldrk gSA ¼6½ foÙk vk;ksx dks vius d`R;ksa ds lEiknu ds fy, fuEufyf[kr “kfDr;ka gksaxh( vFkkZr~ %& ¼d½ fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k izkf/kdkjh ls fdlh vfHkys[k dks ekax ldrk gS( ¼[k½ lk{; nsus ;k vfHkys[k izLrqr djus ds fy, fdlh O;fDr dks cqyk ldrk gS( vkSj ¼x½ ,slh vU; “kfDr;ka] tSlh fu;r dh tk;aA ¼7½ jkT;iky] bl /kkjk ds v/khu foÙk vk;ksx }kjk dh x;h izR;sd flQkfj”k dks ml ij dh xbZ dk;Zokgh ds Li’Vhdkjd Kkiu ds lkFk jkT; fo/kku e.My ds nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k j[kok;sxkAÀ 1 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 40 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 40 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 33&37À 33&& ;fn ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 vFkok ,slh vusd ¿xzke iapk;rsaÀ 5 tks /kkjk 20 vFkok 30 ds micU/kksa ds v/khu ,d esa lfEefyr gqbZ gksa] bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh iz;kstu dks dk;ZkfUor djus ds fy;s fdlh Hkwfe dh vis{kk djs] rks og ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 vFkok ¿xzke iapk;rsaÀ 5 igys rks vkilh ckrphr }kjk Hkwfe xzg.k djus dk iz;Ru djsaxh vksj ;fn lEcfU/kr i{k] djkj djus esa pwd tk;a] rks ,slh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 ;k ¿xzke iapk;rsaÀ 5 Hkwfe vftZr djus ds fy;s dysDVj dh fu;r izi= esa vkosnu i= ns ldrh gS vkSj dysDVj ,slh Hkwfe dks ,slh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 vFkok vFkok ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 5 ds fy;s vftZr dj ldrk gSA Li’Vhdj.k& bl v/;k; esa in ^^Hkwfe** ds vUrxZr Hkwfe ls izksn~Hkwr gksus okys Qk;ns vkSj iF̀oh ls layXu fdlh pht ds lkFk LFkk;h :i ls tdMh+ gqbZ phtsa gSaA Hkwfe vftZr djus dh “kfDr 34&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk fd;s x;s fdlh fo”ks’k vkj{k.k ds v/khu jgrs gq, ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 dh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj fLFkr leLr lkoZtfud lEifRr ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 esa fufgr gksxh rFkk ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 dh gksxh vkSj ,slh leLr vU; lEifRr lfgr] tks ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 esa fufgr gks tk;] mlds funs”k] izcU/k rFkk fu;a=.k esa gksxhA ¼2½ ,sls leLr cktkj rFkk esys vFkok muds ,sls va”k dk] tks lkoZtfud Hkwfe ij yxrs gksa] izcU/k vkSj fofu;eu ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 }kjk fd;k tk;xk vkSj ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ] xkao fuf/k ds [kkrs eas ,sls leLr ns;ksa dk izkIr djsxh tks mlds lEcU/k esa mn~xghr ;k vkjksfir fd;s x;s gksaA xkao lHkk esa fufgr lEifRr 35&& ;fn /kkjk 34 esa mfYyf[kr fdlh lEifRr ds LokfeRo ds lEcU/k esa ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 vkSj fdlh O;fDr ds chp fookn mRiUu gks rks ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks lquokbZ dk leqfpr volj nsxh vkSj rc ;g fu.kZ; djsxh fd mDr lEifRr dks ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 dh lEifRr le>k tk; ;k ughaA nkoksa dk fuLrkj.k ¿36&& dksbZ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 jkT; ljdkj ls vFkok fu;r izkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ Lohdf̀r ls rFkk ,slh “krksZa ds v/khu jgrs gq, tks fu;r dh tk;a] fof/k }kjk LFkkfir fdlh foRrh; fuxe vFkok fdlh vuqlwfpr cSad ;k mRrj izns”k dks&vkijsfVc cSad vFkok fMfLVªDV dks&vkijsfVo cSad ¿;k fdlh vU; xako lHkkÀ 2 ls bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh Hkh iz;kstu dks dk;ZkfUor djus ds fy;s /kujkf”k m/kkj ys ldrh gSAÀ 1 ¿37&& ¼1½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 8 ,rn~i”pkr~ fn;s x;s [k.M ¼d½ vkSj ¼[k½ esa of.kZr dj yxk;sxh vkSj [k.M ¼x½] ¼?k½] ¼³½] ¼p½] ¼N½] ¼t½] ¼>½] ¼¥½ vkSj ¼V½ esa of.kZr lHkh ;k dksbZ dj] Qhl vkSj “kqYd yxk ldrh gS] vFkkZr~ & À 3 ¿¼d½ mu {ks=ksa esa tgka mRrj izns”k tehankjh fouk”k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950] tkSulkj ckoj tehankjh fouk”k vkSj Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1956 vFkok dqek;wa rFkk mRrjk[k.M tehankjh fouk”k rFkk Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1960 ds v/khu e/;ofrZ;ksa ds vf/kdkj] vkxe vkSj LoRo vftZr dj fy;s x;s gksa] Hkwfe ij mlds fy;s ns; vFkok ns; le>h tkus okyh Hkw&jktLo dh /kujkf”k ij izfr :i;k ¿de ls de iphl iSls fdUrq ipkl iSlsÀ 4 ls vuf/kd dj yxk ldrh gS% 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e 03] 1973 dh /kkjk 10 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 18 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 19 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 19 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 41 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 42 rFkk 43 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 41 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 37À izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn Hkwfe ij ml O;fDr ls] ftlds }kjk fy;s Hkw&jktLo ns; gks vFkok ns;k le>k tk;] fHkUu O;fDr okLro esa df̀’k djrk gks rks dj ml O;fDr }kjk ns; gksxk] tks ml ij okLro esa df̀’k djrk gks ( ¼[k½ [k.M ¼d½ esa vfHkfn’V {ks=ksa ls fHkUu {ks=ksa esa HkkSfed vf/kdkj ls lEcfU/kr izoR̀r fof/k ds v/khu fdlh dk”rdkj }kjk og dqN Hkh dgykrk gks] ns; Hkw&jktLo dks /kujkf”k esa izfr :i;k ¿de ls de iPphl iSls fdUrq ipkl iSlsÀ 5 ls vuf/kd dj yxk ldrh gS % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn Hkwfe ij ml O;fDr ls] tks mlds fy, Hkw&jktLo dk nsunkj gks] fHkUu O;fDr okLro esa df̀’k djrk gks rks dj ml O;fDr }kjk ns;k gksxk tks ml ij okLro esa df̀’k djrk gks(À 4 ¿¼x½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ds {ks= esa vLFkk;h :i ls fLFkr izs{kkx̀g] flusek vFkok blh izdkj ds vkeksn ij dksbZ dj] tks ikap :i;k izfrfnu ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] yxk ldrh gSAÀ 3 ¼?k½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ds {ks= ds Hkhrj j[ks x;s vksj fdjk;s ij pyk;s tkus okys i”kqvksa vkSj ;U=pkfyr okguksa ls fHkUu okguksa ij muds Lokfe;ksa }kjk fuEufyf[kr nj ls ns; dj yxk ldrh gS tks&& ¼1½ tkuojksa dh n”kk esa] izfr tkuoj rhu :i;k izfro’kZ ls vf/kd u gksxk] ¼2½ xkfM+;ksa dh n”kk esa] izfr okgu N% :i;k izfro’kZ ls vf/kd u gksxk( ¼³½ mu O;fDr;ksa ij ¿dksbZ djÀ 1 yxk ldrh gS] tks ,sls O;fDr ugha gS ftu ij [k.M ¼x½ ds v/khu ¿djÀ 1 fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gks vkSj tks ,sls cktkjksa] gkVksa vFkok esayksa esa fcdzh ds fy, lkekuksa dks vfHknf”kZr djs] tks lEcfU/kr ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ds gksa vFkok mlds fu;U=.k esa gksa( ¼p½ ,sls i”kqvksa ds jftLVh~dj.k ij Qhl yxk ldrh gS] ftldh fcdzh fdlh ,sls cktkj vFkok LFkku ij dh tkrh gks] tks ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ds gksa vFkok mlds fu;a=.k esa gksa( ¼N½ o/k&”kkykvksa vkSj iMk+vksa dh Hkwfe ds iz;ksx ds fy, Qhl yxk ldrh gS( ¿¼t½ ty “kqYd] tgka ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 }kjk ?kjsyw miHkksx ds dy, ty lEHkkfjr fd;k tkrk gks(À 2 ¼>½ futh “kkSpky;ksa ;k ukfy;ksa dh lQkbZ ds fy, dj] tks mu x̀gksa ds ftuls futh “kkSpky; dh ukyh layXu gks Lokfe;ksa ;k vH;kfl;ksa }kjk ns; gksxk] ml n”kk esa ,slh lQkbZ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ds vfHkdj.k ds ek/;e ls dh tk;; ¿¼¥½ lM+dksa dh lQkbZ vkSj mu ij jks”kuh vkSj LoPNrk ds fy;s dj(À 6 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 19] 1957 dh /kkjk 4 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 10] 1965 dh /kkjk 4 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 33] 1961 dh vuqlwph 8 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 03] 1973 dh /kkjk 11 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 19 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 19 ¼?k½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 42 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 37d&37xÀ ¿¼V½ flapkbZ “kqYd] tgka ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 2 }kjk vius }kjk fufer ;k vuqjf{kr fdlh y?kq flapkbZ iz;kstuk ls falpkbZ ds fy, ty lEHkkfjr fd;k tkrk gks(À 1 ¿¼B½ dksbZ ,slk vU; dj] ftls jkT; eas vkjksfir djus dk vf/kdkj jkT; fo/kku e.My dks lafo/kku ds v/khu mlds vuqPNsn 277 dks lfEefyr djrs gq, vSkj ftldk xzke iapk;r }kjk vkjksi.k jkT; ljdkj us izkf/kdr̀ fd;k gksAÀa 3 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dj] “kqYd rFkk Qhl ,slh jhfr ls rFkk ,sls le;ksa ij vkjksfir] fu/kkZfjr rFkk olwy fd;s tk;saxs] tks fu;r fd;s tk;A ¿37&d&& ¼1½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 }kjk yxk;s x;s dj] “kqYd vFkok Qhl ds fo:) vihy fu;e izkf/kdkjh dks dh tk;sxhA ¼2½ ;fn fu;r izkf/kdkjh dh tkudkjh esa ;g ckr ykbZ tk; fd dj] “kqYd vFkok Qhl fdlh ,sls O;fDr ij vkjksfir ugha fd;k x;k gS] ftl ij mls vkjksfir fd;k tkuk pkfg, Fkk] rks og ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 dh ml O;fDr ;k mu O;fDr;ksa ij dj] “kqYd vFkok Qhl vkjksfir djus dk funs”k ns ldrk gS vkSj ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 rnqijkUr rn~uqlkj dk;Z djsxhA 37&[k&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vkjksfir djksa ds dkj.k leLr ns;ksa vkSj ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 dks ns; vU; /kujkf”k;ksa dks ekyxqtkjh dh cdk;k ds :i esa olwy fd;k tk;xk ;fn lEcfU/kr ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 fu/kkZj.k ds fnukad ls rhu ekl ds Hkhrj bl vk”k; dk ,d ladYi ikfjr djs % djksa vkSj ns;ksa dks eky&xqtkjh dh cdk;k ds :i esa olwy fd;k tk;xk izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 mDr rhu ekl dh vof/k ds Hkhrj ,slk ladYi ikfjr djus esa pwd djs] rks fu;r izkf/kdkjh djksa ds cdk;ksa dks ekyxqtkjh dh cdk;ksa ds :i esa olwy djus dk izkf/kdkj nsxkA 37&x&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj fdlh ,slh vof/k ds lEcU/k esa pkgs og mRrj izns”k iapk;r jkt ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1954 ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ dh gks vFkok ckn dh] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 }kjk yxk;s x;s fdlh dj] “kqYd vFkok Qhl dh iw.kZ :i ls vFkok vkaf”kd :i ls NwV ns ldrh gSA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk iz;ksDro; “kfDr fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk Hkh ;k tks lkekU; :i ls ;k fdlh fofufnZ’V {ks= esa ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iz;ksDrO; gksxh] ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj fu;r djsA ¼3½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 dh ladYi }kjk vkSj ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] tks fu;r dh tk;a] fdlh ,sls dj] “kqYd vFkok Qhl dh iw.kZ :i ls vFkok vkaf”kd :i ls NwV ns ldrh gS tks mlds }kjk vkjksfir fd;k x;k gks ;k yxk;k x;k gks % fdUrq izfrfcU/k ;g gS fd dksbZ ,slk ladYi rc rd izHkkoh ugh gksxk tc rd fd mls fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk vueksfnr u dj fn;k tk;A dj] “kqYd vFkok Qhl dh NwV 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 10] 1965 dh /kkjk 4 ¼[k½ }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 43 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 44 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 43 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 38&42À ¼4½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼1½ ls ¼3½ rd ds v/khu fdlh dj] “kqYd vFkok Qhl dh NwV nh x;h gks] rks bl izdkj NwV fn;s x;s dj] “kqYd vFkok Qhl ds lEcU/k esa fu/kkZfjrh ls olwy dh xbZ dksbZ /kujkf”k mls ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 }kjk okil dj nh tk;xhAÀ 1 38&& xkao iapk;r ,slh jhfr ls tks fu;r dh tk;] iapk;r ds djks avkSj ns;ksa dh olwyh] viuh fuf/k;ksa dh vfHkj{kk vkSj ys[ksa ds vuqj{k.k dk izcU/k djsxhA ns;ksa dh olwyh rFkk fuf/k;ksa vkSj ys[kksa dh vfHkj{kk ¿39&& ¼1½ U;k; iapk;r ds O;; xkao fuf/k vFkok lfdZy esa lekfo’V ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 5 ds xkao fuf/k ;k xkao fuf/k;ksa ij ,sls vuqikr esa Hkkfjr gksaxs tks fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk vo/kkfjr fd;k tk;A ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fopkj.kh; okn esa U;k;ky; Qhl vkSj tqekZus ds :i esa olwy dh xbZ lekLr /kujkf”k;ka jkT; ljdkj ds [kkrs esa tek dh tk;sxh] fdUrq jkT; ljdkj bl olwy dh xbZ /kujkf”k esa ls lacaf/kr ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 dks vuqnku :i esa 50 izfr”kr ls vuf/kd ,sls va”k ftls og fuf”pr djs] dk Hkqxrku U;k; iapk;r ds O;;ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s djsxhAÀ 2 U;k; iapk;r ds O;; xkao fuf/k ij Hkkfjr gksaxs ¿40&& izR;sd ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 vkSj U;k; iapk;r ds ys[sk dh ijh{kk ¿izR;sd o’kZÀ 6 ,slh jhfr ls ¿vkSj ,slh Qhl dk Hkqxrku djus ijÀ 4 dh tk;sxh tks fu;r dh tk; tk;AÀ 3 ys[kk&ijh{kk ¿41&& izR;sd xzke iapk;r ,slh vof/k ds Hkhrj vkSj ,slh jhfr ls] tSlh fu;r dh tk;] vkxkeh igyh vizSy ls izkjEHk gksus okys foÙkh; o’kZ ds fy, xzke iapk;r dh vuqekfur izkfIr;ksa vkSj O;; dk fooj.k rS;kj djsxh] tks fd xzke iapk;r }kjk mldh cSBd eas mifLFkr vkSj er nsus okys lnL;ksa dh lk/kkj.k cgqer ls ifkrj fd;k tk;sxk vkSj ,slh cSBd ds fy, x.kiwfrZ xzke iapk;r ds lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds vk/ks ds vf/kd ls gksxhAÀ 7 xzke iapk;r dk ctV v/;k;& 6 U;k; iapk;r 42&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj vFkok fu;r izkf/kdkjh ftys dh lfdZyksa esa foHkkftr djsxk vkSj ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 8 dh vf/kdkfjrk ds v/khu jgrs gq, izR;sd lfdZy esa mrus {ks= lekfo’V gksaxs] ftrus b’Vdj gksa rFkk ,sls izR;sd lfdZy ds fufeRr ,d U;k; iapk;r dh LFkkiuk djsxk% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd izR;sd lfdZy ds Hkhrj ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 8 ds {ks= ;FkklaHko ijLij layXu gksaxsA U;k; iapk;r dh LFkkiuk 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 02] 1955 dh /kkjk 29 }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 30 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 31 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 20 }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 45 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 46 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 47 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 48 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 44 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 43&47À ¼2½ izR;sd U;k; iapk;r esa lnL;ksa dh la[;k U;wure nl rFkk vf/kdre iPphl ds v/khu jgrs gq, mruh gksxh tks fu;r dh tk;] fdUrq U;k; iapk;r ds fy;s ;g fof/k lEer gksxk fd mlesa fdlh fjfDr ds gksrs gq, Hkh ;g dk;Z djrh jgs % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd mles iapksa dh la[;k fu;r la[;k ds nks&frgkbZ ls de u gksA 43&& ¼1½ fu;r izf/kdkjh }kjk ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ds lnL;ksa esa ls mruh la[;k esa O;fDr U;k; iapk;r ds iap gksus ds fy;s fu;qDr fd;s tk;saxs ftruh dh fu;r dh tk; vkSj rnqijkUr bl izdkj fu;qDr O;fDr ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ds lnL; u jg tk;saxs rFkk ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 esa muds LFkku ;Fkk”kD; /kkjk 12 esa micfU/kr jhfr ls Hkjs tk;saxs % iapksa dh fu;qfDr vkSj mudk dk;Zdky ¿izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn U;k; iapk;r ds iap gksus ds fy;s okafNr la[;k esa ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ds lnL; miyC/k u gksa] rks fu;r izkf/kdkjh ds fy;s ;g fof/k lEer gksxk fd og bl izdkj gqbZ fjfDr;ksa dh] ;fn dksbZ gks] iwfrZ xkao lHkk ds vU; lnL;ksa esa ls ukekadu }kjk dj nsAÀ 6 ¼2½ dksbZ O;fDr U;k; iapk;r dk iap rc rd u fu;qDr fd;k tk;xk tc rd fd mlesa o vgZrk;sa u gksa tks fu;r dh tk;a% ¿izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn ,slh fu;qfDr;ksa ds fy;s fu;r vgZrk;sa j[kus okys mi;qDr O;fDr miyC/k u gksa] rks fu;r izkf/kdkjh ,slh vgZrkvksa esa ls fdlh ;k lHkh vgZrkvksa dks fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk f”kfFky dj ldrk gSAÀ 4 44&& ¿/kkjk 43 ds v/khu fu;qDr iap ,slh jhfr ls vkSj ,slh vof/k ds Hkhrj] tks fu;r dh tk;] vius esa ls ,sls nks O;fDr;ksa dks] tks dk;Zokfg;ksa dks vfHkfyf[kr djus dh {kerk j[krs gks] ljiap rFkk lgk;d ljiap ds :Ik esa fuokZfpr djsaxs % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn iap ;FkkiwoksZDr ljiap vFkok lgk;d ljiap fuokZfpr djus esa pwd djsa rks fu;r izkf/kdkjh ljiap ;k lgk;d ljiap fu;qDr dj ldrh gSAÀ 1 ljiap rFkk lgk;d ljiap dk fuokZpu 45&& ¿U;k; iapk;r ds izR;sd iap dk dk;Zdky bl izdkj mldh fu;qfDr ds fnukad ls izkjEHk gksxk vkSj tc rd bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds v/khu vU;Fkk lekIr u gks tk;] ml xkao iapk;r ds dk;Zdky ds lkFk lekIr gksxk] ftlls og fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ljiap rFkk lgk;d ljiap vius&vius inksa ij rc rd cus jgsaxs rc rd muds mÙkjkf/kdkjh fuokZfpr vFkok fu;qDr u gks tk;aAÀ 5 iap dk dk;Zdky 46&& ¿ *** À 2 47&& ¿iap] ljiap vFkok lgk;d ljiap ,sls izkf/kdkjh dks] tks fu;r fd;k tk;] lEcksf/kr LogLrk{kfjr ys[k }kjk bl izdkj viuk in R;kx ldsxk vkSj rnqijkUr mldk in fjDr gks tk;xkAÀ 3 iapks dk in R;kx 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 2 o’kZ 1955 dh /kkjk 34 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 36 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 37 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 15] 1960 dh /kkjk 13 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 14 }kjk izfrLFkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1973 dh /kkjk 12 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 45 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 48&51À 48&& ¿ *** À 1 49&& ¿¼1½ ljiap] U;k; iapk;r ds le{k vkus okys vkijkf/kd oknksa rFkk tkpksa ds fuLrkj.k ds fy;s U;k;ihBsa cuk;sxk] ftuesa izR;sd esa ikap iap gksaxsA U;k; iapk;r dh U;k;ihB ¼2½ U;k;ihBksa dk cuk;k tkuk] vof/k ftl rd os dk;Z djsaxs] ftlds vUrxZr vkaf”kr :i esa lqus x;s vkijkf/kd oknksa dh lquokbZ Hkh gS] U;k;kihBksa ds chp dk;Z ds foHkktu] vUrj.k rFkk iqu% vUrj.k dk <ax vkSj oknksa rFkk tkapksa esa muds }kjk lkekU; :i ls vuqlfjr dh tkus okyh izfdz;k fu;eksa ds v/khu gksxhA ¼3½ dksbZ iap ljiap vFkok lgk;d ljiap fdlh ,sls okn ds fopkj.k vFkok tkap esa Hkkx u ysxk] ftlesa og Lo;a ;k mldk dksbZ fudV laca/kh lsok;kstd] lksok;skftr deZpkjh] _.kh] _.knkrk vFkok Hkkxhnkj ,d i{k gks vFkok ftlesa muesa lsdksbZ O;fDRkxr :i ls vfHk:fp j[krk gksA ¼4½ bl /kkjk esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh jkT; ljdkj fdlh oxZ vFkok oxksZa ds oknksa ds fopkj.k ds fy;s fo”ks’k U;k;kihBksa dk la?kVu fu;r dj ldrh gS % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkj fdlh Hkh le; ,sls fo”ks’k U;k;ihB ds iqula?kBu ds fy;s vkns”k ns ldrh gSA ¼5½ U;k;ihBksa ds cuk;s tkus vFkok muds dk;Zdj.k ds <ax ls lacaf/kr dksbZ fookn fu;r izkf/kdkjh dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tk;xk] ftldk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxkAÀ 2 ¿50&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh iap dk in mldh èR;q gks tkus] mls gVk;s tkus vFkok mlds inR;kx nsus ds dkj.k fjDr gks tk;s rks mls /kkjk 45 ds mica/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq;s mlds dk;Zdky dh vlekIr vof/k ds fy;s fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ds rRle; ds lnL;ksa esa ls fdlh O;fDr dks fu;qDr djds Hkjk tk;sxk vkSj ;fn og iap ftlus in fjDr fd;k gks] ljiap ;k lgk;d ljiap Hkh jgk gks rks ;FkkfLFkfr ,d u;k ljaip vFkok lgk;d ljiap /kkjk 44 ds micaf/kr jhfr ls fuokZfpr fd;k tk;sxk A vkdfLed fjfDr;kas dk Hkjk tkuk ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu iap ds :Ik eas fu;qDr fd;k x;k dksbZ O;fDr viuh fu;qfDr ds fnukad ls xkao dk lnL; u jg tk;sxk vkSj ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 esa bl izdkj gqbZ dksbZ fjfDr /kkjk 12&t ds iz;kstu ds fy;s vkdfLed fjfDr le>h tk;sxh AÀ 3 ¿50&d&& lgk;d ljiap] ljiap dh ,slh “kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djsxk] tks fu;r dh tk;s AÀ 4 lgk;d ljiap dh “kfDr;ka ¿51&& ¼1½ ¿n.M izfdz;k lafgrk] 1973À 7 eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq;s U;k; iapk;r }kjk fopkj.k ;ksX; izR;sd vkijkf/kd okn ml lfdZy ds U;k; iapk;r ds ljiap ds le{k lafLFkr fd;k tk;sxk] ftleas vijk/k fd;k gksAÀ 5 {ks=h; vf/kdkfjrk 1898 dk vf/kfu;e la0 5 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2 1955 dh /kkjk 38 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 39 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 40 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 41 }kjk Ck<+k;k x;kA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 42 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 21¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 46 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 52&53À ¼2½ flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk] 1908 eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu lafLFkr izR;sd vkijkf/kd okn ml lfdZy ds U;k; iapk;r ds ljiap ds le{k lafLFkr fd;k tk;sxk] ftleas ¿izfroknh vkSj ;fn ,d ls vf/kd izfroknh gks rks lHkh izfroknh] flfoy okn ds lafLFkr gksus ds le; lkekU; :Ik ls fuokl djrs gksa ;k O;kikj djrs gksaAÀ 3 ] Hkys gh okn dkj.k fdlh Hkh LFkku eas mRiUu gqvk gksA 1908 dk vf/kfu;e la0 5 ¼3½ ¿ ***À 1 ¿52&& ¼1½ fuEufyf[kr vijk/k rFkk ,sls vijk/kkas dks djus ds nq”izszj.k rFkk iz;kl ;fn fdlh U;k; iapk;r dh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj fd;s tk;s rks os ,sls U;k; iapk;r ds laKs; gkssxsa %& U;k; iapk;r }kjk laKs; vijk/k ¼d½ Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk] 1860 dh /kkjk 140] 160] 172] 174] 179] 269] 277] 283] 285] 289] 290] 294] 323] 334] 341] 352] 357] 358] 374] 379] 403 rFkk 411 ¼tgka /kkjk 379] 403 rFkk 411 ds v/khu vkijkf/kd oknkas esa pqjkbZ xbZ vFkok nqfoZfu;qDr lEifRr dk ewY; 50 :0 ls vf/kd u gks] 426] 428] 430] 431] 447] 448] 504] 506] 509 rFkk 510 ds v/khu vijk/k ( 1860 dk vf/kfu;e la0 45 ¼[k½ i”kq vfrpkj vf/kfu;e] 1871 dh /kkjk 24 rFkk 26 ds v/khu vijk/k( vf/kfu;e la0 1] 1871 ¼x½ ;wukbVsM izkfoalst fMfLVªDV cksMZ izkbejh ,twds’ku ,sDV] 1926 dh /kkjk 10 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vijk/k ( 1926 dk vf/kfu;e la0 1 ¼?k½ lkoZtfud |qr vf/kfu;e] 1867 dh /kkjk 3] 4] 7 rFkk 13 ds v/khu vijk/k ( vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1867 ¼M+½ iwoksZDr vf/kfu;fefr;kas vFkok fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fer ds v/khu ,slk dksbZ vU; vijk/k] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk ljdkjh xtV esa vf/klwpuk izdkf”kr djds U;k; iapk;r }kjk laKs; ?kksf’kr fd;k tk;s ( rFkk ¼p½ bl vf/kfu;e vFkok mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fdlh fu;e ds v/khu dksbZ vijk/k A ¼1&d½ jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV eas vkns”k izdkf”kr djds Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk] 1860 dh /kkjk 279] 286] 356 ds v/khu vijk/kkas dk laKku djus ds fy;s fdlh U;k;k iapk;r dks l”kDr dj ldrh gS rFkk blh izdkj mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [kaM ¼d½ ls ¼?k½ rd esa vfHkfn’V fdlh vijk/k dks lkekU;r;k U;k; iapk;rkas ds vFkok ,sls U;k; iapk;rkas ds tks fofufnZ’V dh tk;s] laKku ls okil ys ldrh gS AÀ 2 1860 dk vf/kfu;e la[;k 45 ¼2½ Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk] 1860 dh /kkjk 143] 145] 151 rFkk 153 ds v/khu fdlh vijk/k ls lacaf/kr ,slk dksbZ vkijkf/kd okn] tks fdlh U;k;ky; ds le{k fopkjk/khu gks] fopkj.k ds fy;s U;k; iapk;r dks vUrfjr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;fn og ,sls U;k;ky; dh jk; eass xaHkhj vijk/k u gks A 1860 dk vf/kfu;e la0 45 53&& ¼1½ tc dHkh U;k;ky; ds ljiap dks ;g vk”kadk djus dk dkj.k gks fd laHkkO; gS fd dksbZ O;fDr ifj”kkafr Hkax djsxk ;k yksd “kkfUr fo{kqC/k djsxk] tks og ml O;fDr ls bl ckr dk dkj.k crkus ds fy;s dg ldrk gS] fd og iUnzg fnu ls vuf/kd vof/k ds fy;s ifj”kkfUr dk;e j[kus ds fy;s izfrHkwvkas lfgr ;k izfrHkwwvksa ds fcuk 100 #0 ls vuf/kd dh /kujkf”k dk cU/k i= fu’ikfnr djus ds fy;s D;ksa u vkfn’V fd;k tk;A Ikfj”kkafar dk;e j[kus ds fy;s izfrHkwfr 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 42 ¼2½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 43 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 21 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 47 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 54&55À ¼2½ ljiap ,slk uksfVl tkjh djus ds ckn mDr ¿ekeys dh U;k;ihB dks vfHkfn’V djsxkAÀ 2 U;k;ihB ,sls O;fDr vFkok ,sls lkf{k;ksa dh] ftUgsa og izLrqr djus dh vis{kk djs] lquokbZ djus ds ckn ;k rks vkns”k dh iqf’V dj ldrk gS ;k uksfVl dks fujkdr̀ dj ldrk gSA ¿¼3½ ;fn og O;fDr] ftls mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu ;FkkiwoksZDr cU/k i= fu’ikfnr djus dh vis{kk dh x;h gks] ,slk djus esa pwd djs rks og ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy;s] tc rd vkns”k esa fu;r vof/k ds nkSjku pwd gksrh jgs] ikap :i;s rd] tSlk fd U;k;ihB fu;r djs] “kkfLr dk Hkqxrku djus dk Hkkxh gksxkAÀ 3 54&& ¼1½ dksbZ U;k; iapk;r dkjkokl dk eq[; n.Mkns”k ugha nsxhA ¼2½ U;k; iapk;r ¿nks lkS ipkl :i;sÀ 6 ls vuf/kd vFkZn.M vkjksfir dj ldrh gS] fdUrq n.M Hkqxrku esa pwd fd;s tkus ij dkjkokl dk naM ugha fn;k tk;xk] ¿izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh vfHk;qDr dk ,d gh vkijkf/kd okn esa rhu ls vf/kd vijk/kksa ds fy;s fopkj.k u fd;k tk;xk vkSj vkijkf/kd okn esa fdlh ,d vfHk;qDr ij tqekZuk vkjksfir fd;k tk; rks og dqy feykdj ¿nkS lkS ipkl :i;sÀ 6 ls vf/kd u gksxkAÀ 4 “kkfLr;ka ¿55&& ¼1½ fdlh {ks= ds fy;s U;k; iapk;r dh LFkkiuk gks tkus ds i”pkr~ dksbZ U;k;ky; bl vf/kfu;e esa vU;Fkk micfU/kr voLFkk dks NksMdj] ,slh U;k; iapk;r }kjk fopkj.k;ksX; fdlh vkijkf/kd okn dk laKku ugha djsxkA ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ U;k; iapk;r /kkjk 95 ds v/khu fuyfEcr] vfrdzfer vFkok fo?kfVr gks tk; vFkok fdlh vU; dkj.k ls dk;Z djuk cU/k dj ns rks mlds le{k fopkj ftu leLr vijkf/kd okn l{ke vf/kdkfjrk okys U;k;y; dks vUrfjr gks tk;axs] tks mUgsa fof/k ds vuqlkj fuLrkfjr djsxk % vijkf/kd oknksa dk laKku 1860 dk vf/kfu;e la0 45 IkzfrcU/k ;g gS fd U;k;ky; esa ,sls leLr vkijkf/kd oknksa dk u;s fljs ls fopkj.k izkjEHk gksxk% vxzrj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh U;k; iapk;r ds ckjs esa dsoy bl dkj.k ls fd mlds iapksa dk iqu% fuokZpu gksuk gS] ;g u le>k tk;sxk fd mlus dk;Z djuk cUn dj fn;k gSA ¼3½ /kkjk 52 esa rFkk bl /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh dksbZ Hkh U;k;ky; Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk] 1860 dh /kkjk 431 rFkk 447 ds v/khu fdlh vijk/k dk laKku dj ldrk gS] ;fn og ,slk djus ds fy;s vU;Fkk l{ke u gksA ¼4½ /kkjk 52 esa rFkk bl /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ls ¼3½ esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh] fdUrq n.M izfdz;k lafgrk] 1898 ds micU/k ds lnSo v/khu jgrs gq;s] ;fn fdlh U;k;y; ds mDr /kkjkvksa esa vfHkfn’V fdlh vijk/k dk lKku fd;k gS vkSj ,sls vkijkf/kd okn esa vfHk;qDr ds mifLFkr gksus ds fy;s U;k;y; }kjk tkap dh tk ldrh gS vkSj ml ij fopkj.k fd;k tk ldrk gSAÀ 5 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 43 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 44¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ dh /kkjk 44 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 45 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 46 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 22 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 48 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 56&59À ¿56&& ;fn dksbZ U;k;ky; ;g ik;s fd dksbZ vkijkf/kd okn U;k; iapk;r }kjk fopkj.k ;ksX; gS] rks og /kkjk 55 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ esa micfU/kr voLFkk dks NksM+dj] mls l{ke vf/kdkfjrk okyh U;k; iapk;r dks vurfjr djsxk vkSj rnuUrj U;k; iapk;r mldk u;s fljs ls fopkj.k djsxhAÀ 1 U;k;ky;ksa }kjk U;k; iapk;rksa dks vkijkf/kd& oknksa dk vUrj.k 57&& U;k; iapk;r fdlh ifjokn dks [kkfjt dj ldrh gS ;fn ifjoknh dk ijh{k.k djus vkSj ,slk lk{; ysus ds ckn ftls og izLrqr djs] mldk ;g lek/kku gks tk; fd ifjokn rqPN] {ksHkdkjh vFkok vlR; gSA Ikfjoknksa dk ljljh rkSj ij 5 [kkfjt fd;k tkuk ¿58&& ;fn U;k; iapk;r dks fdlh Hkh le; ;g izrhr gks fd&& ¼d½ mlds le{k fopkjk/khu fdlh vkijkf/kd okn ds fopkj.k dh mldh vf/kdkfjrk ugha gS] U;k; iapk;r }kjk vkijkf/kd oknksa dk U;k;y;ksa dks vUrfjr fd;k tkuk ¼[k½ vUrxzZLr vijk/k ,slk gS fd ftlds fy;s og i;kZIr n.M ugha ns ldrh gS] vFkok ¼x½ vkijkf/kd okn dk U;k;ky; }kjk vU;Fkk fopkj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg;s] rks og mls l{ke vf/kdkfjrk okys U;k;ky; dks vUrfjr dj nsxh vkSj ,sls vUrj.k dh lwpuk lEcfU/kr i{kksa dks ns nsxhAÀ 2 ¿59&& dksbZ Hkh U;k; iapk;r fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds fo:} fdlh vkijkf/kd okn dk laKku u djsxh] ;fn O;fDr&& dfri; O;fDr;ksa dk fopkj.k U;k; iapk;rksa }kjk u fd;k tk;xk ¼d½ igys gh fdlh ,sls vijk/k esa nks’kfl) Bgjk;k x;k gks] tks rhu o’kZ ;k mlls vf/kd vof/k ds fy;s nksuksa esa ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl ls n.Muh; gks% ¼[k½ ftl ij fdlh U;k; iapk;r }kjk pksjh ds fy;s igys gh tqekZuk fd;k x;k gks% ¼x½ ftls n.M izfdz;k lafgrk] 1898 dh ¿;k n.M izfdz;k lafgrk] 1973 dhÀ 4 /kkjk 109 vFkok 110 ds v/khu lnkpkj cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s vkc} fd;k x;k gks] ¼?k½ ftls lkoZtfud |qr vf/kfu;e] 1867 ds v/khu igys gh nks’kfl) Bgjk;k x;k gks] vFkok ¼³½ yksd lsod gksAÀ 3 60&& dksbZ tqekZuk vkjksfir djrs le; U;k; iapk;r ;g vkns”k ns ldrh gS fd olwy fd;k x;k lEiw.kZ tqekZuk ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkx fuEufyf[kr ds fy;s iz;qDr fd;k tk;&& ¼d½ ifjoknh }kjk vkijkf/kd okn esa mfpr :i ls fd;s x;s O;; dks iwjk djus] Ikfjokfn;ksa dks izfrdj 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 47 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 48 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 23 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 49 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 60&64À ¿¼[k½ vijk/k ds dkj.k fdlh lkjou gkfu vFkok {kfr ds fy, fdlh O;fDr dks izfrdj dk Hkqxrku djus] ;k À 1 ¿¼x½ pksjh xbZ laifRr ds fdlh ln~Hkkoe; dszrk dks mldh gkfu ds fufer izfrdj nsus ds fy, ;fn lEifRr mlds gdnkj O;fDr ds dCts esa izR;kfofrZr dj nh tk;AÀ 2 ¿61&& ¼1½ ;fn U;k; iapk;r ds le{k lafLFr fdlh vkijkf/kd okn esa fdlh O;fDr ij fdlh ,sls vijk/k dk vfHk;ksx yxk;k x;k gks] tks U;k; iapk;r }kjk fopkj.k ;ksX; gks] vkSj U;k; iapk;r ml vfHk;qDr dks foeqDr dj nsrh gS vkSj mldh ;g jk; gks fd ml ij yx;k x;k vfHk;sx feF;k vkSj rqPN vFkok {kksHkdkjh ;k rks U;k; iapk;r ifjoknh ls rR{k.k bl ckr dk dkj.k crkus ds fy, dg ldrh gS fd og ,sls vfHk;qDr dsk izfrdj dk Hkqxrku D;ksa u djsA ¼2½ ;fn ifjoknh dh lquok;h djus ds ckn U;k; iapk;r dk lek/kku gks tk; fd vfHk;ksx feF;k vkSj rqPN vFkok {kskHkdkjh Fkk rks og funs”k ns ldrh gS fd ,sls ifjoknh }kjk vfHk;qDr dks iPphl :i;s ls vuf/kd izfrdj dk Hkqxrku fd;k tk;AÀ 3 vfHk;qDr dks izfrdj 1938 dk vf/kfu;e la0 6 62&& U;k; iapk;r }kjk la;qDr izkUr izFke vijkf/k;ksa dh ifjoh{kk vf/kfu;e] 1938 dh /kkjk 4 dh “kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA vijkf/k;ksa dk ifjoh{kk ij tksMk+ tkuk ¿63&& n.M izfdz;k lafgrk] ¿1973À 5 esa fdlh ckr ds gskrs gq, Hkh] eftLVªsV fdlh ,sls vkijkf/kd okn esa] ftlesa vijk/k ,slh U;k; iapk;r dh {ks=h; vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj fd;k x;k Fkk] mDr lafgrk dh /kkjk 202 esa vfHkfn’V tkap U;k; iapk;r }kjk fd;s tkus dk funs”k ns ldrk gS vkSj U;k; iapk;r vkijkf/kd okn esa tkap djsxh rFkk mDr eftLV~sV dks viuh fjiksVZ izLrqr djsxhA funs”k ds izkIr gksus ij ljiap ;k lgk;d ljiap vkSj mudh vuqifLFkfr esa /kkjk 75 esa mfYyf[kr iap] mls /kkjk 49 ds v/khu cuk;s x;s U;k;kihB dks lkSai nsxkAÀ 4 eftLV~Vksa }kjk Hksts x;s vkijkf/kd oknksa esa tkap 1898 dk vf/kfu;e la0 5 ¿64&& ¼1½ U;k; iapk;r] /kkjk 66 ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] fuEu izdkj ds fdlh flfoy okn dk laKku dj ldrh gS] ;fn mldk ewY; ,d lkS :i;s ls vf/kd u gks&&& ¼d½ LFkkoj laifRr ds lEc/k esa lafonk ls HkUu fdlh lafonk ij ns; /ku ds fy;s flfoy okn] ¼[k½ taxe laifRr dh olwyh ds fy, vFkok mlds ewY; d fy, flfoy okn] ¼x½ fdlh taxe laifRr dks nks’kiw.kZ :i ls ysus ;k mls {kfr igqapkus ds lEcU/k esa izfrdj ds fy, flfoy okn] vFkok ¼?k½ Ik”kqvksa ds vuf/kdr̀ izos”k ls gqbZ {kfr ds fy, flfoy oknA flfoy oknksa eas vf/kdkfjrk dk foLrkj 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;kk 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 50 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 50 ¼3½ }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 51 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 52 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 24 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 50 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 65&68À ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV esa vf/klwpuk izdkf”kr djds fuos”k ns ldrh gS fd fdlh iapk;r dh vf/kdkfjrk dk foLrkj ikap lkS :i;s ls vuf/kd ewY; ds ,sls leLr flfoy oknksa rd gksxkAÀ 1 65&& ¿ * * * À 2 ¿66&& /kkjk 64 ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, U;k; iapk;r dks fuEufyf[kr flfoy oknksa dk laKku djus ds vf/kdkfjrk u gksxh]&& U;k; iapk;r dh vf/kdkfjrk dk viotZu ¼1½ Hkkxhnkj ys[ks ds lEcU/k esa ns; cdk;k ds fy;s flfoy okn] flok; ml n”kk ds tc fd cdk;k i{kksa vFkok muds vfHkdrkZvksa }kjk fd;k x;k gks] ¼2½ fuoZlh;rk dh n”kk esa fdlh va’k ds fy;s ;k va”k ds fdlh Hkkx ds fy;s vFkok olh;r ds v/khu olh;r lEink d fy, ;k olh;r lEink ds Hkkx ds fy;s flfoy okn] ¼3½ jkT; ljdkj vFkok dsUnzh; ljdkj vFkok fdlh yksd lsod }kjk ;k mlds fo:} ,sls dk;ksZa ds fy;s flfoy okn] tks mlus inh; gSfl;r ls fd;s gksa] ¼4½ vo;Ld vFkok fodr̀ fpr ds O;fDr }kjk vFkok mlds fo:} flfoy okn] vkSj ¼5½ ,slk flfoy okn ftldk ;w0ih0 foyst iapk;r ,sDV] 1920 ds v/khu LFkkfir fdlh iapk;r }kjk laKku fd;k tkuk ;wukbVsM izkfoalst MsV fjMSEi”ku ,sDV] 1940 dh /kkjk 25 ds v/khu oftZr gksAÀ 3 67&& ¼1½ U;k; iapk;r ds le{k lafLFkr izR;sd flfoy okn esa ,slk lEiw.kZ nkok lfEefyr gksxk ftls oknh fooknxzLr ekeys esa djus dk gdnkj gks] fdUrq flfoy okn dks U;k; iapk;r dh f/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj ykus ds fy;s vius nkos ds fdlh Hkkx dk R;kx dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ ;fn oknh ¿vius nkos ds fdlh HkkxÀ 4 ds lEcU/k esa okn yk;s ;k mDr ¿HkkxÀ 4 dk R;kx djs] rks og rRi”pkr~ ,sls Hkkx ds fy;s ftlds lEcU/k esa okn u yk;k x;k gks ;k ftldk R;kx fd;k x;k gks] okn izLrqr u djsxkA flfoy oknksa esa lEiw.kZ nkos lfEefyr gksaxs 68&& izR;sd flfoyokn tks vuqlwph esa mlds fy;s fu;r ifjlhek dh vof/k ds Ik”pkr U;k; iapk;r ds le{k lafLFkr fd;k x;k gks] [kkfjt dj fn;k tk;xk] Hkys gh izfrokn ds :i esa ifjlhek dk iz”u u mBk;k x;k gks% ¿izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh flfoyokn ds fy, fu;r ifjlhek dh vof/k dh lax.kuk djus esa og le; fudky fn;k tk;xk] ftlesa oknksa fdlh U;k;ky; esa izfroknh ds fo:} fdlh nwljs flfoy okn dk ;Fkkfpr rRijrk ls vfHk;kstu dj jgk gks] ;fn og nwljk okn mlh okn dkj.k ij vk/kkfjr gks vkSj ln~Hkko ls ,ls U;k;ky; esa vfHk;ksftr fd;k x;k gks tks vf/kdkfjrk ds nks’k ls vFkok blh izdkj ds fdlh vU; dkj.k ls mls xzg.k djus esa vleFkZ gksAÀ 5 Ikfjlhek 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 53 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 54 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 55 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 56 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 57 }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 51 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 69&74 dÀ 69&& ¿¼1½À 3 vkxe] fof/kd Lo:i] lafonk vfkok nkf;Ro ds iz”u ij U;k; iapk;r dk fu.kZ; i{kksa ij cU/kudkjh ugh gksxk flok; mlo flfoy okn ds lEcU/k esa ftles a rRlEcU/kh fu.kZ; fd;k x;k gksA ¿¼2½ U;k; iapk;r }kjk vknsf”kr dksbZ nks’k flf) rRle; izoR̀r fdlh fof/k ds v/khu fdlh vugZrk ;k “kkfLr ds :i esa u rks izorhZ gksxh vkSj u mldk vk/kkj gh gksxhAÀ 3 U;k; iapk;rksa ds fu.kZ; dk izHkko 70&& ¿***À 2 71&& ¿***À 2 72&& ¿***À 2 73&& ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh U;k; iapk;r fdlh ,sls fo’k; ds lEcU/k esa] tks mUgha i{kksa vFkok ,sls i{kksa ds chp] ftuds v/khu os vFkok muesa ls dksbZ i{k nkok djs] iwoZorhZ flfoy okn esa l{ke vf/kdkfjrk okys fdlh U;k;ky; esa fu.kZ;kFkZ fopkjk/khu gks vFkok ftldh lquokbZ ;k fu.kZ; mlds }kjk fd;k x;k gks] fdlh fofoy okn] jktLo okn vFkok okn in dk fopkj.k u djsxkA ¼2½ ;fn fdlh vijk/k ds lEcU/k esa fdlh vkHk;qDr O;fDr ds fo:} fdlh U;k;ky; esa dksbZ vkijkf/kd okn fopkjk/khu gks vFkok ;fn vfHk;qDr O;fDr dk fdlh vijk/k ds fy;s fopkj.k fd;k x;k gks rks dksbZ Hkh U;k; iapk;r ,sls fdlh vijk/k dk vFkok fdlh ,sls vU; vijk/k dk mugha rF;ksa ij laKku u djsxh] ftlds fy;s vfHk;qDr ij nks’kkjksi.k fd;k x;k gksrk ;k og nks’k fl) Bgjk;k x;k gkSrkA iwoZU;k; RkFkk fopkjk/khu okn 74&& ;fn dksbZ ¿vkijkf/kd okn ;k flfoy oknÀ 4 ,d ls vf/kd U;k; iapk;rksa esa xzg.kh; gks rks ¿ifjoknh ;k oknhÀ 5 ;FkkfLFkfr ifjoknh ;k oknh dks ,slh u;k; iapk;rksa esa ls fdlh ,d esa izLrqr dj ldrk gSA vf/kdkfjrk ds lEcU/k esa fdlh fookn dk fu.kZ; ;Fkk fLFkfr vf/kdkfjrk okys ¿U;kf;d eftLV~sV ;k eqaflQÀ 6 }kjk fd;k tk;xkA leorhZ vf/kdkfjrk ¿74&d&& flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk 1908 dh /kkjk 10 mu fopkj.k tc flfoy okn ;k ¿***À 8 flfoy oknksa ds fopkj.k ij ykxw gksxh tks vf/kdkfjrk okyh nks ;k nks ls vf/kd U;k; iapk;rksa ds le{k fopkjk/khu gksA fopkj.k tc flfoy okn ¿***À 7 esa okndj.k ,d ls vf/kd lfdZZZZZZZyksa esa mRiUUk gks 1908 dk vf/kfu;e la0 5 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 57 }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 58 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 37] 1978 dh 25 }kjk iqulZa[;kafdr rFkk c<+k;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 26 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 26 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 26 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 27 ¼d½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 27 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 52 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 74[k&77dÀ 74&[k&& tc ;g vfuf”pr gks fd dbZ lfdZyksa esa ls fdl lfdZy esa vijk/k fd;k x;k Fkk vFkok tc vijk/k va”kr% ,d lfdZy esa vkSj va”kr% nwljs lfdZy esa fd;k x;k gks vFkok tc vijk/k tkjh jgus okyk vijk/k gks vkSj ,d ls vf/kd lfdZyksa esa fd;k tk jgk gks vFkok tc vijk/k esa dbZ ,sls dk;Z lfEefyr gksa] tks fofHkUUk lfdZyksa esa fd;s x;s gksa rks mldh tkap ml U;k; iapk;r }kjk dh tk ldrh gS ftldh ,sls lfdZyksa esa ls fdlh lfdZy esa vf/kdkfjrk gksAÀ 1 fopkj.k tcfd vijkk LFky vfuf”pr gks ;k og dsoy ,d gh lfdZy esa u gks ;k tc fd vijk/k tkjh jgus okyk vijk/k gks vFkok ftlesa dbZ dk;Z lfEefyr gksa 75&& dksbZ O;fDr] tks bl vf/kfu;r ds v/khu ¿dksbZ flfoyokn ;k vkijkf/kd oknÀ 8 U;k; iapk;r ds le{k lafLFkr djuk pkgs] U;k; iapk;r ljiap dks ¿vkSj mldh vuqifLFkfr esa lgk;d ljiap dksÀ 2 vkSj lfdZy ls ¿mldhÀ 3 vuqifLFkfr dh n”kk esa ,sls vU; iap dks tks ¿ljiap }kjk rnFkZ fu;qDr fd;k x;k gksÀ 4 ekSf[kd ;k fyf[kr :i ls vkosnu&i= ns ldrk gS vkSj lkFk gh og fu;r Qhl dk Hkh Hkqxrku djsxkA U;k;ky; Qhl vf/kfu;e] 1870 U;k; iapk;rksa ds lEcU/k esa ykxw ugha gksxk flok; ml n”kk ds tc ,slk fu;r fd;k tk;A izR;sd flfoy okn esa oknh ewY; crk;sxkA ¿¼2½ ;fn dksbZ ¿* * * À 9 ekSf[kd :i ls lafLFkr fd;k tk; rks vkosnu&i= IkzkIr djus oky ljiap lgk;d ljiap vFkok iap fu;r C;ksjkas dks vfcyEc vfHkfyf[kr djsxk vkSj ml ij vkosnd dk gLrk{kj vFkok vaxq’B Nki ys fy;k tk;sxkAÀ 5 flfoy oknksa rFkk vkijkf/kd oknksa dk lafLFkr fd;k tkuk 1870 dk vf/kfu;e la0 7 ¿76&& rnqijkUr ljiap] lgk;d ljiap vFkok mudh vuqifLFkfr esa /kkjk 75 esa mfYyf[kr iap vkosnu&i= dks /kkjk 49 ds v/khu cuk, x, U;k;ihB ds le{k fuLrkj.k ds fy, j[ksxk vkSj mDr U;k;ihB ds le{k ml vkosnu&i= dh izFke lquokbZ dk fnukad Hkh fuf”pr djsxk rFkk ml fnukad dh lwpuk ;FkkfLFkfr vkosnd] ifjoknh vFkok okn dh vksj U;k;ihB ds lnL;ksa dks nsxkAÀ 6 vkosnu&i= U;k;ihB ds le{k izLrqr fd;k tk,xk ¿77&& U;k;ihB vius lnL;ksa esa ls ,d O;fDr dks ml U;k;ihB dk lHkkifr pqusxk] tks fd dk;Zokfg;ksa dk lapkyu djsxk% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn ljiap vFkok lgk;d ljiap U;k;ihB dk lnL; gks rks og vkSj ;fn muesa ls nksuksa gh mlh U;k;ihB ds lnL; gksa rks ljiap] lHkkifr gksxkAÀ 7 U;k;ihB dk lHkkifr ¿77&d ¼1½ ;fn /kkjk 49 ds v/khu ds v/khu la?kfVr U;k;ihB esa fu;qDr dksbZ iap fdlh lquokbZ ds le; vuifLFkr gks] rks “ks’k iap bl vf/kfu;e esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh ¿vkijkf/kd okn ;k flfoy oknÀ 10 dk fopkj.k djsaxs% U;k;ihB ls iap dh vuqifLFkfr 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 60 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 61¼1½ ¼d½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 61¼1½ ¼[k½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 61¼1½ ¼x½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 61¼2½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 62 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 63 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 8- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37 1978 dh /kkjk 28 ¼d½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 28 ¼[k½ }kjk feVk;k x;kA 10- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 29 }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 53 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 78&80À izfrcU/k ;g gS fd de ls de rhu iap] ftuesa lHkkifr Hkh lfEefyr gksxk] mifLFkfr gks vkSj vxzsrj ;g Hkh izfrcU/k gS fd mifLFkfr iapksa esa ls de ls de ,d iap lk{; rFkk dk;Zokfg;ksa dks vfHkfyf[kr djus esa lkeF;Z gksA ¼2½ ;FkkiwoksZDr dksbZ Hkh fopkj.k dsoy bl dkj.k ls vekU; u gksxk fd leLr ikapksa lnL;] ftuls U;k;ihB cuk gS] fdlh lquokbZ ds le; mifLFkr u Fks vFkok ;g fd ;s gh iap leLr lquokb;ksa ds le; mifLFkr u FksA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ rFkk ¼2½ ds micU/k /kkjk 63 ds v/khu U;k; iapk;r }kjk dh xbZ tkap ij vko”;d ifjorZuksa lfgr gksaxsAÀ 1 ¿78&& ¼1½ ;fn lquokbZ ds fy, fuf”pr le; vkSj LFkku lwfpr fd;s tkus ds ckn Hkh] ;FkkfLFkfr oknh ;k ifjoknh mifLFkr u gks rks U;k; iapk;r okn dks [kkfjt dj ldrh gS ;k ,slk vkns”k ns ldrh gS tSlk og mfpr le>sAÀ 3 ¼2½ U;k; iapk;r ¿;FkkfLFkfr izfroknh ;k vfHk;qDr dh vuqifLFkr esa flfoy okn ;k vkijkf/kd oknhÀ 4 dh lquokbZ dj ldrh gS vkSj mlds lEcU/k esa fu.Zk; ns ldrh gS] ;fn ml ij leu rkehy gks pqdk gks vFkok mls lquokbZ ds fy, fuf”pr le; vkSj LFkku dh lwpuk nh tk pqdh gksA lEcfU/kr i{kksa dh vuqifLFkfr esa flfoy okn vkSj vkijkf/kd oknksa dk [kkfjt fd;k tkuk 79&& ¼1½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa micfU/kr voLFkk dks NksM+dj vFkok fyfid v”kqf} dks Bhd djus ds vykok U;k; iapk;r vius }kjk nh xbZ fdlh fMdzh ;k fn;s x;s fdlh vkns”k dk foyksiu djus] mls iqujhf{kr djus vFkok ifjofrZr djsu ds fy, l”kDr u gksxhA ¼2½ U;k; iapk;r leu dh O;fDxr :i ls rkehy u fd, tkus dh n”kk esa fMdzh vFkok vkns”k ds fnukad ls vFkok mudh tkudkjh izkIr gksus ds fnukad ls ,d ekl ds Hkhrj vkosnu&i= fn;s tkus ij fdlh ¿flfoy okn ;k vkijkf/kd oknÀ 5 dks] tks lEcfU/kr i{k ds pwd ds dkj.k [kkfjt dj fn;k x;k gks ;k ftlesa ,d i{kh; fMdzh nh xbZ gks ;k vkns”k fn;k x;k gks] vfHkfyf[kr fd, tkus okys i;kZIr dkj.kksa ls iqu% LFkkfir dj ldrh gSA U;k; iapk;r vius fu.kZ; dks iqujh{k.k vFkok ifjofrZr ugha djsxh ¿80&& dksbZ Hkh fof/k O;olk;h U;k; iapk;r ds le{k fdlh i{k dh vksj ls u rks mifLFkr gksxk] u odkyr djsxk vkSj u dksbZ dk;Z gh djsxk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh ,sls O;fDr dh] tks cUnh cuk;k x;k gks vkSj vfHkj{kk esa fu:} gks] viuh ilUn ds fdlh fof/k O;olk;h ls ijke”kZ ysus vkSj mlds }kjk viuk izfrokn djkus dk vf/kdkj gksxkAÀ 2 fof/k O;olk;ksa U;k; iapk;r ds le{k mifLFkr gksaxs 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 23] 1952 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 02] 1955 dh /kkjk 65 }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 30 ¼d½ }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 30 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 31 }kjk izfrLFkfirA 54 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 81&84À 81&& /kkjk 80 ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, ¿flfoy okn ;k vkijkf/kd oknÀ 6 esa dksbZ i{k] U;k; iapk;r ds le{k Lo;a vFkok mlds }kjk ¿fyf[kr :i esa lE;d :i ls izkf/kdr̀À 1 ,sls lsod iapk;r ¼tks nyky u gks]½ Hkkxhnkj] lEcU/kh vFkok fe= }kjk mifLFkr gks ldrk gS ftls U;k; iapk;r mldk izfrfuf/kRo djus ds fy, Bhd O;fDr ds :i esa Lohdkj djs % Ikzfrfu/k;ksa }kjk Lo;a mifLFkr gskuk ¿izfrcU/k ;g gS fd /kkjk ds v/khu fuosf”kr fdlh eq[krkjukesa ds fy, dksbZ LVkEi ‘kqYd Hkqxrku djus dh vko”;drk u gksxhAÀ 2 ¿82&& bl vf/kfu;e esa vFkok rRle; izoR̀r fdlh vU; fof/k esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh U;k; iapk;r ds fy, ;g oS/k gksxk fd og fdlh ,sls fookn dk tks mlds LFkkuh; {ks= esa mRiUk gks vkSj fdlh U;k;ky; esa fopkjk/khu u gks] fdlh ,sls fuiVkjs] le>kSrs ;k ‘kiFk d vuqlkj fu.kZ; djs ftl ij i{kksa us fyf[kr :i esa lgefr nh gksAÀ 3 dfri; ekeyksa esa fo”ks’k vf/kdkfjrk 83&& ¿¼1½À 4 U;k; iapk;r fdlh ¿flfoy okn ;k vkijkf/kd oknÀ 6 esa ,slk lk{; izkIr djsxh ftls i{k izLrqr djs vkSj og ,slk vkSj lk{; ekax ldrh gS tks fopkj.kh; fo’k; ds vo/kkj.k ds fy, mldh jk; esa vko”;d gksA U;k; iapk;r dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og ,sls izR;sd fof/k leLr lk/kuksa ls] tks mldh “kfDr esa gks] vius le{k izLrqr izR;sd ¿flfoy okn ;k vkijkf/kd oknÀ 6 ds rF;ksa dks lqfuf”pr djs vkSj rRi”pkr O;; lfgr ;k O;; ds fcuk ,slkh fMdzh ;k ,slh vkKk ns tks mls U;k;ksfpr vkSj oS/k izrhr gksA og ml ¿{ks=À 7 esa] ftlls fookn lEcfU/kr gS] LFkkuh; :i ls tkap dj ldrh gSA ;g bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k blds v/khu fu;r izfdz;k dk vuqlj.k djsxhA U;k;&iapk;r esa fdlh ¿flfoy okn ;k vkijf/kd oknÀ 6 ds lEcU/k esa flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk] 1908 n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ¿1973À 8 ] Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e] 1872 rFkk ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] ¿1963À 9 ykxw ugha gksaxs flok; ml fn”kk ds tcfd bl vf/kfu;e esa ,slk micfU/kr gks vFkok ,slk fu;r fd;k tk;A lR;rk lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, izfdz;k vkSj “kfDr 1908 dk v/kfu;e la05 ¿¼2½ bl mi/kkjk esa dksbZ ckr fdlh i{k dks bl ckr dk gdnkj ugha cuk,xh fd og fdlh ,sls vijk/k dk “keu djs tks n.M izfdz;k lafgrk] ¿1973À 10 ds micU/kksa ds v/khu “keu fd, tkus ;ksX; u gks vFkok lEcfU/kr U;k;ihB dh vuqefr ds fcuk fdlh vijk/k dk “keu djs ;fn og mDr lafgrk ds micU/kksa ds v/khu vuqefr ls “keu fd, tkus ;ksX; gksAÀ 5 ¿¼3½ tgka U;k; iapk;r dh jk; esa] dksbZ i{k ekeys fuLrkj.k esa tkucw> dj foyEc djrk gS] ogka og ,sls i{k ij ikap :i, ls vuf/kd dk [kpZ vkjksfir dj ldrh gS tks nwljs i{k dks ns; gksxkAÀ 11 84&& iapksa esa erHksn gksus dh n”kk esa cgqer dh jk; vfoHkkoh gksxhA Ckgqer vfHkHkokh gksxk 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0- 2] 1955 dks /kkjk 66 ¼1½ }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 66 ¼2½ }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 67 }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 68 ¼1½ }kjk iqulaZ[;kafdrA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 68 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dks /kkjk 32 ,oa /kkjk 33 ¼d½ ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼d½ ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼d½ ¼3½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼d½ ¼4½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 10- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 11- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 55 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 85&87À ¿85&& ¼1½ nksuksa i{kksa esa ls fdl i{k }kjk vkosnu&i= fn, tkus vkSj i{kksa dks uksfVl fn, tkus ds i”pkr rFkk muesa ls ,sls i{kksa dh lquokbZ djus ds Ik”pkr~ tks lquokbZ djkuk pkgsa vfkok fcuk uksfVl ds Loizsj.k ls ¿U;kf;d eftLV~ªsV ;k eqaflQÀ 2 bl ckr ds vuqlkj fd U;; iapk;r ds le{k fopkjk/khuokn ¿vkijkf/kdokn ;k flfoyoknÀ 3 gS] mls fdlh Hkh izdze ij okil ys ldrk gS] rFkk& Ckgqer vfHkHkoh gksxk U;k; iapk;r ls oknksa dks vUrfjr djus dh izoj U;k;ky;ksa dh “kfDr ¼1½ mls fuLrkfjr djus dk iz;Ru dj ldrk gS] ;k ¼2½ mls U;k; iapk;r ds fdlh vU; U;k;ihB dks vUrfjr dj ldrk gS] ¼3½ mls fopkj.k ds fy, vFkok fuLrkj.k ds fy, fdlh ,sls vU; ¿eftLVsªV ;k eaqflQÀ 4 dks tks mldk fopkj.k ;k fuLrkj.k djus ds fy, l[ke gks] vUrfjr dj ldrk gSA ¿¼2½ tgka dksbZ vkijkf/kd ;k flfoy okn mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu okl ys fy;k x;k gks] ogka og U;k;ky;] tks rRi”pkr mldk fopkj.k djsa] ;k rks mldk iqufoZpkj.k dj ldrgk gS ;k ml izdze ls fopkj.k izkjEHk dj ldrk gS] tgka ls mls okil ys fy;k x;k FkkAÀ 5 ¼3½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn;k x;k dksbZ vkosnu&i= rqPN vFkok {kskHkdkjh gks rks vkosnd ij ;FkkfLFkfr ¿U;kf;d eftLVsªV ;k eqaflQÀ 6 }kjk ipkl :i;s rd dk tqekZuk fd;k tk ldrkAÀ 1 86&& ;fn U;k; iapk;r fdlh ¿flfoy okn ;k vkijkf/kd oknÀ 7 esa fdlh O;fDr dk lk{; vFkok mlds }kjk ys[; izLrqr fd;k tkuk vko”;d le>s rks og ml O;fDr dks mifLFkfr gksus ;k ,slk ys[; izLrqr djus ;k mls izLrqr djkus ds fy, ck/; djus ds fufHkZRr ,d leu tkjh dj ldrh gS rFkk ml O;fDr ij fu;r jhfr ls mldh rkehy djk ldrh gS vkSj og O;fDr leu esa fn, x, funs”kksa dk ikyu djus ds fy, ck/; gksxkA Lkkf{k;ksa dks leu dk tkjh fd;k tkuk 87&& ;fn dksbZ O;fDr] ftls U;k; iapk;r lk{; nsus ;k vius le{k dksbZ ys[; izLrqr djus ds fufHkRr mifLFkfr gksus ds fy, fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk leu djs] tkucw> dj ,sls leu vFkok uksfVl vFkok vkns”k dh voKk djs rks U;k; iapk;r vf/kdfjrk okys eftLVsªV dks ifjokn dj ldrh gS vkSj mDr O;fDr ,sls tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk tks iphl :i, rd gks ldrk gS % U;k; iapk;r ds le{k mifLFkr gksus esa pwd djus ds fy, “kkfLr izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh efgyk dks U;k; iapk;r ds le{k Lo;a mifLFkfr gksus ds fy, ck/; ugha fd;k tk;xkA mldh ijh{kk fu;r jhfr ls deh”ku }kjk dh tk ldrh gS% izfrcU/k ;g Hkh gS fd ;fn /kkjk ds v/khu tkjh fd, x, leu dk ikyu djds dksbZ ys[; izLrqr fd;k tk; rks U;k; iapk;r ml ys[; dh izfrfyfi rS;kj djk,xh] ewy izfr ls feyku djus ds ckn izfrfyfi ij ;g fpfUgr djsxh fd og lgh izfrfyfi gS vksj ewy ys[; dks mlds izLrqr djus okys O;fDr dks YkkSVk nsxh% 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0- 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 69 }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 34 ¼d½ ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 34 ¼d½ ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 34 ¼d½ ¼3½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 34 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 34 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 35 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 56 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 88&89À ¿vxzrj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn U;k; iapk;r dks ;g izrhr gks fd dksbZ lk{kh :X.krk ;k “kkjhfjd v”kDrrk ds dkj.k mlds lEe[k mifLFkfr gksus esa vleFkZ gS vFkok ;g fd mls fcuk vuqfpr foyEc] O;; vFkok vlqfo/kk ds mifLFkr ugha djk;k tk ldrk gS] rks og] ,sls fucZU/kuksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tks fu;r fd, tk;a] ,sls lk{kh dk lk{; ysus ds fy, fu;r jhfr ls deh”ku tkjh dj ldrh gSA bl izdkj fy;k x;k lk{; okn ds vfHkys[k dk Hkkx gksxkAÀ 1 88&& U;k; iapk;r fdlh flfoy okn ¿***À 3 dks [kkfjt dj ldrh gS ;fn oknh vFkok vkosnd dk c;ku ysus ds ckn mldk ;g lek/kku gks tk; fd flfoy ¿***À 3 rqPN] {kksHkdkjh vFkok vlR; gSA flfoy oknksa bR;kfn dk [kkfjt fd;k tkuk 89&& ¼1½ ¿flfoy ;k vkijkf/kd oknÀ 5 ds vuqlkj ¿U;kf;d eftLVªsV ;k eqaflQÀ 4 ;k rks Loizsj.kk ls vFkok fdlh i{k }kjk vkosnu&i= fn, tkus ij tks ml vkns”k ds fnukad ls] ftlds fo:} ifjokn fd;k x;k gks] vFkok ;fn vkosnd ij leu O;fDrxr :i ls rkehy u fd;k x;k gks rks vkns”k dh tkudkjh gksus ds fnukad ls 60 fnuksa ds Hkhrj fn;k x;k gks] fdlh ,sls okn ds vfHkys[k dks ekax ldrk gS] tks U;k; iapk;r }kjk fu.khZr gqvk gks vkSj ;fn mls ;g izrhr gks fd vU;k; gqvk gS vFkok dksbZ lkjoku vfu;frrrk gqbZ gS] rks og okn esa ,slk vkns”k ns ldrk gS] ftls og Bhd le>sA iqujh{k.k Li’Vhdj.k& fof/k }kjk fufgr vf/kdkfjrk dk iz;ksx djus esa pwd djuk vFkok fof/k }kjk fufgr vf/kdkfjrk ls vf/kd vf/kdkfjrk dk iz;ksx djuk bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, lkjoku vfu;ferrk le>h tk;xhA ¼2½ iwoksZDr micU/kksa dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk ;FkkfLFkfr ¿U;kf;d eftLV~ªsV eaqflQÀ 4 %&& ¼d½ U;k; iapk;r }kjk nh xbZ fMdzh dk ;k fn, x, vkns”k dks vfHk[kafMr dj ldrk gS( ¼[k½ vkns”k dk ifj”dkj dj ldrk gS( ¼x½ ,sls funs”k ds lkFk] ftls og Bhd le>s] okn dks iqu%fopkj.k ds fy, U;k; iapk;r dks izfrizsf”kr dj ldrk gS( vFkok ¼?k½ okn dk Lo;a fopkj.k dj ldrk gS vFkok mls fdlh ,sls vU; U;k;ky; vFkok vf/kdkjh dks vUrfjr dj ldrk gS tks mldk ijh{k.k djus ds fy, l{ke gksA ¼3½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkosnu&i= ;FkkfLFkfr ¿U;kf;d eftLVªsV ;k eqaflQÀ 4 }kjk rqPN ;k {kskHkdkjh ik;k tk; rks] og] vfHkfyf[kr fd, tkus okys dkj.kksa ls] vkosnd }kjk izfri{k dks izfrdj ds :i esa ipkl :i;s ls vuf/kd fo”ks’k O;; dk Hkqxrku fd, tkus dk vkns”k ns ldrk gSA ¼4½ ;FkkiwoksZDr ds flok; fdlh ¿flfoy ;k vkijkf/kd oknÀ 6 esa U;k; iapk;r }kjk nh xbZ fMdzh vFkok fn, x, vkns”k ds fo:} fdlh U;k;ky; esa u rks vihy dh tk ldsxh vkSj u mldk iqujh{k.k fd;k tk ldsxkAÀ 2 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 70 }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 71 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 36 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 37 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 37 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 37¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 57 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 90&94À ¿¼5½ /kkjk 95 esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka dksbZ U;kf;d eftLV~sV ;k eaqflQ bl /kkjk ds v/khu fn, x, fdlh vkns”k esa ;g fu’d’kZ nsrk gS fd U;k; iapk;r ds fdlh iap ;k iapksa us ftlds vUrxZr dksbZ ljiap Hkh gS mDr ekeys ds lEcU/k esa] ftlds dkj.k iqujh{k.k djuk iMk+ gks] ,slh jhfr ls O;ogkj fd;k gS tks mlds ;k muds in ds fy, vuqfpr gS] ogka fu;r izkf/kdkjh ,sls fu’d’kZ ds v/kkj ij ,sls iap ;k iapksa dks gVk ldrk gS] vkSj ;g vko”;d u gksxk fd izLrkfor dk;Zokgh ds fo:) mls ;k mUgsa dkj.k crkus dk dksbZ volj fn;k tk;AÀ 5 90&& U;k; iapk;r /kkjk 75 ds v/khu vkosnu&i= fn, tkus ds Ik”pkr~ tc rd fd og bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds v/khu [kkfjt u dj fn;k x;k gks ;k vU;Fkk mldk fuLrkj.k u dj fn;k x;k gks] izfroknh vFkok vfHk;qDr O;fDr ¿***À 6 ij fu;r izi= esa vkSj fu;r jhfr ls leu rkehy djok,xh ftlesa og mls ,sls le; vkSj ,sls LFkku ij tks leu esa vrk;k x;k gks] mifLFkr gksus vkSj viuk lk{; izLrqr djus dh vis{kk djsch vkSj lkFk gh oknh vFkok ifjoknh ¿***À 6 dks mDr le; vkSj LFkku ij mifLFkr gksus vkSj viuk lk{; izLrqr djus ds fy, funs”k nsxhA Ikzfroknh vFkok vfHk;qDr O;fDr;ksa dks leu 91 && ¿***À 1 92&& ;fn fMdzh/kkjh vFkok okn _.kh }kjk vkosnu&i= fn, tkus ij] og U;k; iapk;r ftlus fMdzh nh gks] tkap ds Ik”pkr~ ;g ik, fd fMdzh dh iw.kZ :i ls vFkok vkaf’kd :i ls rqf’V gks pqdh gS rks og bl rF; dks fu;r& jftLVj esa vfHkfyf[kr djsxhA fMdzh dk Hkqxrku vFkok lek;sktu vfHkfyf[kr fd;k tk;xk ¿93&& ¼1½ U;k; iapk;r }kjk nh xbZ fMdzh vFkok fn, x, vkns”k dk mlds }kjk ,slh jhfr ls fu’iknu fd;k tk;xk tks fu;r dh tk;A ;fn izfroknh ¿***À 7 dh lEifRr fMdzh vFkok vkns”k dks fu’iknu ds fy, ml U;k; iapk;r dks fu;r jhfr ls vUrfjr dj ldrh gS ftldh vf/kdkfjrk esa mDr lEifRr fLFkr gks vkSj ;fn ogka u;k; iapk;r u gks rks ;FkkLFkfr ¿ml eaqflQÀ 8 ds U;k;ky; dks vUrfjr dj ldrh gS ftldh vf/kdkfjrk esa og fLFkfr gksA ¼2½ ;fn U;k; iapk;r fdlh fMdzh ;k vkns”k ds fu’iknu esa dksbZ dfBukbZ ik,] rks og mls ;FkkfLFkfr ¿eqaflQÀ 9 dks Hkst nsxh vkSj og mldk fu’iknu bl izdkj djsxk ekuks og mlds }kjk nh xbZ fMdzh ;k fn;k x;k vkns”k gksAÀ 2 fMfdz;ksa dk fu’iknu 94&& ¿U;k; iapk;r }kjk vkjksfir dksbZ tqekZuk ;k ,slk izfrdj] ftlds Hkqxrku ds fy, /kkjk 61 esa mlds }kjk vkns”k fn;k x;k gks]À 3 ¿fu;rÀ 4 jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA fdUrq ;fn U;k; iapk;r dks mls olwy djus esa dksbZ dfBukbZ gks] rks og ml ¿U;kf;d eftLVªsVÀ 10 ls] ftldh vf/kdkfjrk esa U;k; iapk;r fLFkr gks] mls olwy djus dk vuqjks/k dj ldrh gS vksj og mls bl izdkj olwy djsxk ekuks tqekZus dk n.Mkns”k mlh ds }kjk fn;k x;k gksA fujh{k.k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 02] 1955 dh /kkjk 72 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 73 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 74 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 74 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 37¼?k½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 38 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 39¼d½¼1½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 39¼d½¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 39¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 10- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 40 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 58 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 94d&95À ¿94&d&& ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fdlh U;k; iapk;r ;k mlds fdlh lnL;] dk] tcfd U;kf;d dk;Zokfg;ksa ds fdlh Hkh izdze esa U;k; iapk;r dh cSBd gks jgh gks] mldh nf̀’V esa vFkok mifLFkfr esa lkfHkizk; vieku djs vFkok lE;d :i ls fnykbZ tkus okyh “kiFk ysus ls vfkok mius }kjk fd, x, dFku ij gLrk{kj djus ls] tc fd ,slk djuk fof/kd :i ls visf{kr gks] bUdkj djs] rks U;k; iapk;r mlh fnu] viuh cSBd lekIr djus ls iwoZ fdl Hkh le; bl vijk/k dk laKku dj ldrh gS rFkk vijk/ksak ij ¿nl :i,À 5 ls vuf/kd ds tqekZus dk n.Mkns”k ns ldrh gSA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkjksfir tqekZuk /kkjk 94 ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, vkijkf/kd okn esa vkjksfir tqekZuk le>kk tk;xkA À 1 U;k; iapk;r dk voeku v/;k; 7 okº; fu;a=.k 95&& ¿¼1½À 2 jkT; ljdkj&&&& fujh{k.k ¼d½ ,slh LFkkoj laifRr dk] ¿tks fdlh xzke iapk;r ds LokfeRo esa gks] vkSj tks mldsÀ 7 ;k la;qDr lfefr vFkok ¿U;k; iapk;rÀ 3 }kjk iz;qDr vFkok v/;kflr gks] vFkok ,slh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ;k la;qDr lfefr ;k U;k; iapk;r ds funs”k ds v/khu fd;s tk jgs fdlh fuekZ.k dk;Z dk fujh{k.k djk ldrh gS] ¼[k½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ;k la;qDr lfefr vFkok ¿U;k; iapk;rÀ 3 ds dCts esa ;k fu;a=.kk/khu fdlh ogh vFkok ys[; dks fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk ekax ldrh gS vkSj mldk fujh{k.k dj ldrh gS] ¼x½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ;k la;qDr lfefr vFkok ¿U;k; iapk;rÀ 3 ls fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ;k ,slh lfefr vFkok ¿U;k; iapk;rÀ 3 dh dk;Zokgh;ksa ;k drZO;ksa ds laca/k esa ,sls fooj.k&i=] fjiksVZ vFkok ys[;ksa dh izfrfyfi;ka izLrqr djus dh vis{kk dj ldrh gS ftUgsa og Bhd le>s] ¼?k½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 vFkok la;qDr lfefr ds fopkjkFkZ dkbZ ,slk laisz{k.k vfHkys[kc) dj ldrh gS ftls og ,slh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 la;qDr lfefr dh dk;Zokfg;ksa vFkok drZO;ksa ds laca/k esa mfpr le>sa] ¼M-½ xkao lHkk] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ] ;k U;k; iapk;r ls lacaf/kr fdlh Hkh fo’k; ds laca/k esa dksbZ tkap lafLFkr djk ldrh gS] vkSj ¿¼p½ fdlh ¿***À 9 la;qDr lfefr ¿Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefrÀ 3 vFkok U;k; iapk;r dks ¿***À 8 fo?kfVr dj ldrh gS ;fn jkT; ljdkj dh jk; esa ,slh ¿***À 9 ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 ] la;qDr lfefr ¿Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefrÀ 3 vFkok U;k; iapk;r us vius in dk nq:i;ksx fd;k gks] ;k mlus bl vf/kfu;e }kjk vFkok blds v/khu vius ij vkjksfir drZO;ksa dk ikyu djus esa fujUrj pwd dh gks vFkok bldh cuk jguk tufgr esa okaNuh; u le>k tk;(À 4 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 75 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 76 ds mi[k.M ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 76 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 76 ¼3½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 41 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼d½ ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼d½ ¼nks½ ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼d½ ¼nks½ ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 59 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 95À Li’Vhdj.k&& ¿***À 6 ¿¼N½ ¿xzke iapk;r ds iz/kku] miiz/kku ;k mlds fdlh lnL; dksÀ 7 ;k la;qDr lfefr ;k Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefr ds fdlh lnL; dks ¿***À 8 vFkok U;k; iapk;r ds fdlh iap] lgk;d ljiap ;k ljaip dks gVk ldrh gS] ;fn&À 5 ¼1½ og fcuk i;kZIr dkj.k ds yxkrkj rhu ls vf/kd lHkkvksa vFkok cSBdksa esa vuqifLFkfr jgs( ¼2½ og dk;Z djus ls badkj djs vFkok fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls dk;Z djus ds fy;s v{ke gks tk; vFkok ;fn ml ij ,sls vijk/k dk vfHk;ksx yxk;k x;k gks vFkok nks’kkjksi.k fd;k x;k gks ftlesa uSfrd v/kerk vUroZfyr gks( ¼3½ mlus bl :i esa vius in dk nq:i;ksx fd;k gks vFkok mlus bl vf/kfu;e }kjk vFkok blds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa }kjk vkjksfir drZO;ksa ds ikyu esa fujUrj pwd dh gks vFkok mldk bl :i esa cuk jguk tufgr esa okaNuh; u gks( ¿***À 2 ¿¼3&d½ mlus fdlh ,sls feF;k ?kks’k.kk&i=] ftls mlds }kjk ;g vfHkO;Dr djrs gq, fd og ;FkkfLFkfr] vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr ;k fiNMs oxksZa dk lnL; gS] gLrk{kfjr fd;k x;k gks] ds v/kkj ij ;FkkfLFkfr] /kkjk 11&d dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ;k /kkjk 12 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ ds v/khu vkj{k.k dk ykHk izkIr fd;k gks(À 11 ¿¼4½ og U;k; iapk;r dk lgk;d dk lgk;d ljiap ;k ljiap gksus ls jktuhfr esa lfdz; Hkkx ysrk gks(À 1 ¿;kÀ 3 ¿¼5½ mlesa /kkjk 5&d ds [k.M ¼d½ ls ¼³½ rd esa mfYyf[kr vugZrkvksa esa ls dksbZ vugZrk gks % À 4 ¿izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tgka dksbZ iz/kku ;k mi iz/kku ,sls O;fDr }kjk vkSj ,slh jhfr ls] tSlh fu;r dh tk;] dh x;h fdlh tkap eas izFke n’̀V;k foÙkh; vkSj vU; vfu;ferrkvksa dk nks’kh ik;k tk;] ogka ,slk iz/kku ;k mi iz/kku foÙkh; vkSj iz”kklfud “kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx vkSj d`R;ksa dk lEiknu ugha djsxk vkSj tc rd fd og vfUre tkap eas vkjksiksa ls eqDr u gks tk; ,slh “kfDRk;ksa dk iz;ksx vkSj dR̀;ksa dk lEiknu jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl fufeÙk fu;qDr xzke iapk;r ds rhu lnL;ksa dh ,d lfefr }kjk fd;k tk;sxkAÀ 9 ¼NN½ ¿***À 10 ¿izfrcU/k ;g gS fd& 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 76 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 19] 1957 dh /kkjk 5¼1½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 5 ¼1½ ¼2½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 5 ¼1½ ¼3½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1973 dh /kkjk 13 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 49 ¼d½ ¼nks½ }kjk fujflrA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49¼d½ ¼rhu½ ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼d½ ¼rhu½ ¼[k½ }kjk fujflrA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼d½ ¼rhu½ ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 10- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼d½ ¼pkj½ }kjk fujflrA 11- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21] 1998 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 60 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 95d&96À ¼1½ [k.M ¼p½] ¿;k [k.M ¼N½À 7 ds v/khu dksbZ dk;Zokgh lEc) fudk; vFkok O;fDr dks] izLrkfor dk;Zokgh ds fo:} dkj.k nf”kZr djus dk mfpr volj nsus ds Ik”pkr~ gh dh tk;sxh] vU;Fkk ugha] ¼2½ ¿***À 8 À 4 ¼t½ ¿***À6 ¿¼2½ bl /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼N½ ds mi[kaM ¼3½ vkSj ¼4½ ds v/khu gVk;k x;k dksbZ O;fDr bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh Hkh in ij ikap o’kZ dh vof/k ;k blls de ,slh vof/k ds fy;s tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj fdlh ekyys esa vkns”k ns] iqu% fuokZfpr ;k iqu% fu;qDr fd;s tkus dk gdnkj u gksxkA ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk fn;s x;s vkns”k ij fdlh Hkh U;k;ky; esa vkifRr ugha dh tk;sxhA ¼4½ ;fn dksbZ ¿***À 9 ¿¿xzke iapk;rÀ 5 ] la;qDr lfefr vFkok Hkwfe izcU/kd lfefrÀ 3 ¿fo?kfVrÀ 10 dh tk;] rks mldh “kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djus vkSj drZO;ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj ,sls O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa dks fu;qDr dj ldrh gS] ftUgsa og mfpr le>sAÀ 2 ¿95&d&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh Hkh le; jkT; ljdkj dks ;g izrhr gks fd ¿xzke lHkkÀ 5 ;k xzke iapk;r us bl vf/kfu;e vFkok fdlh vU; vf/kfu;e }kjk ml ij vkjksfir fdlh drZO; dk ikyu djus eas pwd dh gks rks jkT; ljdkj ml drZO; dk ikyu djus ds fy;s dksbZ vof/k fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk fuf”pr dj ldrh gS A ¼2½ ;fn bl izdkj fuf”pr dh xbZ vof/k ds Hkhrj drZO; dk ikyu u fd;k tk;s rks jkT; ljdkj ,sls izkf/kdkjh dks tks fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;s mls ikyu djus dk vkns”k ns ldrh gS vkSj vxzsrj ;g Hkh funs”k ns ldrh gS fd drZO; ikyu ds O;;] ;fn dksbZ gks rks ¿xzke lHkkÀ 5 fuf/k ls fd;k tk;sxk vkSj rnqijkUr og O;fDr ftldh vfHkj{kk esa og fuf/k gks] mDr /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku ,slh fuf/k ls djsxk AÀ 1 96&& ¼1½ fu;r izkf/kdkjh vFkok jkT; ljdkj }kjk rnFkZ fo”ks’k :Ik ls l”kDr dksbZ vU; vf/kdkjh lwpuk izkIr gksus ij vFkok Loizsj.kk ls fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk bl tks fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;s] mls ikyu djus dk bl vf/kfu;e vFkok fdlh vU; vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ikfjr ladYi ;k fn;s x;s vkns”k dk fdlh ¿xzke lHkkÀ 5 ] xzke iapk;rÀ 5 ] la;qDr lfefr ;k mlds fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lsod }kjk fu’iknu fd;s tkus ;k mlds vxzsrj fu’iknu fd;s tkus dk izfr’ks/k dj ldrk gS] ;fn turk ;k fof/klEer~ :Ik ls lsok;ksftr O;fDr;ksa ds fdlh oxZ ;k leqg dks ck/kk] {kksHk vFkok pksV igaqps ;k igqWpus dh laHkkouk gks vFkok ftlls ekuo thou] mlds LokLF; ;k lqj{kk ds fy;s ladV mifLFkr gks ;k gksus dh laHkkouk gks] vFkok cyok ;k naxk gks ;k gksus dh laHkkouk gks A og fdlh O;fDr }kjk ,sls ladYi ;k vkns”k ds vuqlj.k eas vFkok mldh vkM+ eas dksbZ dk;Z fd;s tkus vFkok mls tkjh j[kus dk izfr’ks/k dj ldrk gS A dfri; dk;Zokfg;ka dk izfr”ks/k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 6] 1952 dh /kkjk 7 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 76 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ }kjk c<k+;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 33] 1961 dh vuqlwph 8¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1973 dh /kkjk 13 ¼3½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼d½ ¼ikap½ }kjk fujflrA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼d½ ¼N%½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49¼d½¼lkr½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½ ¼,d½ }kjk fujflrA 10- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½ ¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 61 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 96d&98À ¼2½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksZZbZ vkns”k fn;k tk;s rks mls fn;s tkus ds dkj.kkas ds fooj.k lfgr mldh ,d izfrfyfi fu;r izkf/kdkjh vFkok mDr vf/kdkjh }kjk rR{k.k jkT; ljdkj dks Hksth tk;sxh] tks ¿xzke lHkkÀ 3 ] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 ] la;qDr lfefr vFkok mlds vf/kdkjh ;k lsod ls Li’Vhdj.k ekaxuss vkSj mlds }kjk fn;s x;s Li’Vhdj.k] ;fn dksbZ gksa] ij fopkj djus ds i'pkr vkns”k dks fo[kafMr] ifj’dr̀ djsxh vFkok mldh iqf’V djsxh A ¼3½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkns”k fn;k tk;s vkSj lrr~ izoR̀r vkns”k }kjk fdlh ladYi ;k vkns”k ds fu’iknu ;k mlds vxzsrj fu’iknu dk fu’ks/k fd;k tk; rks ¿xzke lHkkÀ 3 ] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 ] la;qDr lfefr vFkok mlds vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dk ;fn ,slk vkns”k nsus okys izkf/kdkjh }kjk ,slh vis{kk dh tk;s] ;g drZO; gksxk fd og dksbZ ,slh dk;Zokgh djs ftls og ml n”kk eas djus dk gdnkj gksrk] ;fn mDr ladYi dHkh ikfjr u fd;k x;k gksrk ;k mDr vkns”k dHkh fn;k u x;k gksrk vkSj tks fdlh O;fDr dks] mDr ladYi vFkok vkns”k dh vkM+ esa ftlds vxzsrj fu’iknu dk izfr’ks/k gS] fdlh dk;Z dks djus ;k djuk tkjh j[kus ls jksdus ds fy;s vko”;d gks A ¿96&d&& jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu viuh leLr “kfDr;ksa ;k mueas ls fdlh Hkh “kfDr dks vius] v/khuLFk vf/kdkjh vFkok izkf/kdkjh dks ,slh “krksZa vkSj fucZU/kuaks ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] ftUgsa vkjksfir djuk og mfpr le>s] izfrfufgr dj ldrs gSAÀ 1 jkT; ljdkj }kjk “kfDr;kas dk izfrfufgr fd;k tkuk v/;k; 8 “kkfLr;ka rFkk izfdz;k 97&& tks dksbZ bl ¿vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 12&[kxd ;k /kkjk 12&[kxx ds micU/kksa ds flok; fdlh Hkh micU/k dk mYya?ku djsxk]À 6 og tc rd vU;Fkk fu;r u fd;k gks] tqekZus dk tks ¿ikap lkS :Ik;sÀ 4 rd gks ldrk gS] n.Muh; gksxk vkSj ;fn ,slk mYya?ku tkjh jgrk gS] rks og ,d vkSj ,sls tqekZus ls tks izFke nks’kfl) ds Ik”pkr~ izR;sd fnu ds fy;s ftlds nkSjku vijk/kh vFkok vijk/k dk fujUrj fd;k tkuk fl) gqvk gks] ¿ipkl :Ik;sÀ 4 rd gks ldrk gS] n.Muh; gksxk A bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa dk vfrya?ku djus ds fy;s “kkfLr ¿97&d&& tgka dksbZ O;fDr /kkjk 12&[kxd ;k /kkjk 12&[kxx ds v/khu fd, x, fdlh vkns”k dk mYya?ku djsxk rks og dkjkokl ls] ftldh vof/k ,d o’kZ rd gks ldsxh ;k tqekZus ls] ;k nksuksa ls] n.Muh; gksxkAÀ 7 vf/kxzg.k laca/kh fdlh vkns”k ds mYya?ku ds fy, “kkfLr 98&& dksbZ fu;r cukrs le; jkT; ljdkj vkSj ¿fu;r izkf/kdkjh dh Lohdf̀r lsÀ 2 dksbZ mifof/k cukrs le; ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 funs”k ns ldrh gS fd bldk mYya?ku tqekZus ls tks ¿ikap lkS :Ik;sÀ 5 rd gks ldrk gS] n.Muh; gksxk vkSj ;fn ,slk mYya?ku tkjh jgrk gS] rks og ,d vkSj ,sls tqekZus ls tks izFke nks’kfl) ds i'pkr izR;sd fnu ds fy;s ftlds nkSjku vijk/kh vFkok vijk/k dk fujUrj fd;k tkuk fl) gqvk gks] ¿ipkl :Ik;sÀ 5 rd gks ldrk gS] n.Muh; gksxk A fu;ekas rFkk mifof/k;ksa dk vfry?ku 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 10] 1950 dh /kkjk 7 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 77 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 50 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 51 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 29] 1995 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 7 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 62 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 99&102À 99&& ¼1½ tks dksbZ lkoZtfud lM+d dh fdlh iVjh] ukys vFkok vU; lkexzh vFkok mlds fdlh ?ksjs] nhoky vFkok [kaHks dks vFkok cRrh ds [kaHks ;k czsdsV] funs”k LrEHk [kaHks] gkbZMsª.V] vFkok ¿xzke lHkk dh ,slh gks] vU; laifRr dks xzke iapk;r dhÀ 4 vFkok fof/k lEer izkf/kdkjh dh fyf[kr Lohdf̀r ds fcuk gVk;sxk] foLFkkfir djsxk vFkok mleas dksbZ ifjorZu djsxk vFkok bl izdkj ls gLr{ksi djsxk] og tqekZus ls tks ¿,d gtkj :Ik;sÀ 5 rd gks ldrk gS] n.Muh; gksxk A xkao iapk;r dh lEifÙk dks vUr%{ksfir djus ds fy, “kkfLr ¼2½ ;fn fdlh O;fDr us vius fdlh dk;Z] viuh fdlh mis{kk vFkok pwd ds dkj.k mi/kkjk ¼1½ }kjk vkjksfir dksbZ “kkfLr mixr dh gS vkSj ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 dh laifRr dks dksbZ {kfr igqWpkbZ gS rks ,slh “kkfLr mixr djus okyk] O;fDr ,slh {kfr dks iwjk djus rFkk ,slh “kkfLr dks Hkqxrku djus dk Hkkxh gksxk vkSj vijk/kh ls mDr {kfr;ka fu;r jhfr ls olwy dh tk ldrh gSA 100&& ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;s x;s fdlh fu;e ;k mifof/k ds mica/kkas ds v/khu fdlh O;fDr dks uksfV; fn;k x;k gks ftleas mls fdlh taxe vFkok LFkkoj lkoZtfud vFkok futh laifRr ds laca/k eas dksbZ fuekZ.k dk;Z fu’ikfnr djus vFkok uksfVl esa fofufnZ’V vof/k ds Hkhrj fdlh ckr dh O;oLFkk djus vFkok mlls fojr jgus dh vis{kk dh x;h gks vkSj ,slk O;fDr uksfVl dk ikyu djus esa pwd djs] rc&& tkjh fd;s x;s uksfVl dh voKk ¼d½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 mDr fuekZ.k dk;Z dks laikfnr djk ldrh gS ;k ,slh ckr dh O;oLFkk djk ldrh gS] vFkok mls djk ldrh gS vkSj bl laca/k eas vius }kjk fd;s x;s leLr O;; dks ,sls O;fDr ls ¿Hkw jktLo dks cdk;k ds :Ik easÀ 1 fu;r jhfr ls olwy dj ldrh gS ( ¼[k½ ,slk O;fDr ¿U;k; iapk;rÀ 2 ds le{k nks’kfl) Bgjk;s tkus ij tqekZus dk tks ¿ikap lkS :Ik;sÀ 7 rd gks ldrk gS] n.Muh; gksxk vkSj ;fn ,slk mYya?ku tkjh jgrk gS] rks og ,d vkSj ,sls tqekZus ls tks izFke nks’kfl) ds i'pkr~ izR;sd fnu ds fy;s ftlds nkSjku vijk/kh vFkok vijk/k dk fujUrj fd;k tkuk fl) gqvk gks] ¿ipkl :Ik;sÀ 7 rd gks ldrk gS] n.Muh; gksxk A 101&& vius izk:Ik eas fdlh nks’k ;k yksi ds dkj.k dksbZ uksfVl voS/k u gksxk A uksfVl vos/k u gksxk 102&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 }kjk fn; x;s vkns”k vFkok funs”k ls {kqC/k dksbZ O;fDr] tc rd vU;Fkk fu;r u fd;k gks] ,sls vkns”k vFkok funs”k ds fnukad ls 30 fnu ds Hkhrj] ftleas mldh izfrfyfi izkIr djus ds fy;s visf{kr le; lfEefyr ugah gksxk] fu;r izkf/kdkjh dks vihy dj ldrk gS tks mDr vkns”k ;k funs”k dks ifjofrZr jn~n vFkok iq’V dj ldrk gS vkSj vihy djus okys O;fDr dks ;k mlds fo:} okn O;; Hkh vf/kfuf.kZr dj ldrk gS A vihy ¼2½ fu;r izkf/kdkjh] ;fn mfpr le>s] rks og mi/kkjk ¼1½ eas vihy ds fy;s vuqKkr vof/k dks c<+k ldrk gS A ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fu;r izkf/kdkjh dk fu.kZr vfUre gksxk vkSj ml ij fdlh fof/k U;k;ky; eas vkifRr ugh dh tk;sxh A 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 78 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 78 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 52 ¼d½ ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 52 ¼d½ ¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 52 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 53 }kjk izfrLFkkfir 63 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 103&105À 103&& ;fn /kkjk 102 esa fdlh vkns”k vFkok funs”k ds fo:) dksbZ vihy dh xbZ gks] rks ,sls vkns”k vFkok funs”k dks izoR̀r djus ds fy;s dksbZ dk;Zokgh vkSj mlds mYya?ku ds fy;s dksbZ vfHk;kstu fu;r izkf/kdkjh ds vkns”k ls] vihy dk fu.kZ; gksus rd] fuyfEcr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;fn vihy esa ,slk vkns”k ;k funs”k jn~n dj fn;k tk;s rks mldh voKk dks vijk/k ugh le>k tk;sxk A dfri; ekeykas eas vfHk;kstu dk fuyEcu 104&& ¼1½ rnFkZ cuk;s x;s fdlh fu;e ds v/khu jgrs gq, ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 fdlh vkijkf/kd okn ds lafLFkr fd;s tkus ds iwoZ ;k i'pkr~ bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok blds v/khu cuk;s x;s fdlh fu;e vFkok mifof/k ds fo:) fd;s x;s vijk/k dk “keu ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dh ,slh /kujkf”k tks fu;r dh tk;s] ds udn Hkqxrku fd;s tkus ij dj ldrh gS A vijk/k dks “keu djus dh “kfDr ¼2½ tc fdlh vijk/k dk “keu fd;k x;k gks rks vijk/kh] ;fn og vfHkj{kk eas gks] NksM+ fn;k tk;sxk vkSj bl izdkj “kfer vijk/k ds laca/k esa mlds fo:} vxszrj dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugh dh tk;sxh A bl /kkjk ds v/khu “kklu ds :Ik eas Hkqxrku dh x;h leLr /kujfk”k;ka ¿xkao fuf/kÀ 1 esa tek dh nh tk;sxh A 105&& ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dk ¿iz/kkuÀ 2 vkSj ;fn ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 }kjk rnFkZ izkf/kdr̀ fd;k x;k gks] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dk dksbZ vU; lnL;] vf/kdkjh vFkok lsod fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe eas vFkok ij lgk;dkas vkSj deZdkjkas ds lkFk vFkok mlds fcuk ,sls fuekZ.k dk;Z dk fujh{k.k ;k losZ{k.k vFkok fu’iknu djus ds fy;s izos”k dj ldrk gS ftls djus ;k fu’ikfnr djus ds fy;s ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 bl vf/kfu;e }kjk vFkok blds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;ekas vFkok mifof/k;ksa }kjk izkf/kdr̀ gks vFkok ftls bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k fu;ekas ds vFkok mifof/k;ksa ds fdUgha mica/kksa ds vuqlj.k ;k muesa ls fdUgha iz;sktuksa ds fufeRr djuk ;k fu”ikfnr djuk ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 ds fy;s vko”;d gks % izos'k rFkk fujh{k.k izfrca/k ;g gS fd&& ¼d½ flok; ml n”kk ds tcfd bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;ekas vFkok mifof/k;kas esa vfHkO;Dr :Ik ls vU;Fkk micaf/kr gks ,slk dksbZ izos”k lw;kZLr vkSj lw;kZn; ds chp u fd;k tk;sxk ( vkSj ¼[k½ flok; ml n”kk ds tcfd bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;ekas vFkok mifof/k;kas esa vfHkO;Dr :Ik ls vU;Fkk micaf/kr gks fdlh Hkou essa tks euq’;kas ds fuokl x̀g ds :Ik esa iz;qDr gksrk gks] mlds v/;klh dh lgefr ds fcuk vkSj mDr v/;klh dks ,slk izos”k djus ds vfHkizk; dk fyf[kr :Ik eas pkj ?kaVs ls de dk igys ls uksfVl fn;s fcuk bl izdkj uksfVl u fd;k tk;sxk ( vkSj ¼x½ izR;sd ekeys ml n”kk esa Hkh i;kZIr uksfVl fn;k tk;sxk tc fdlh Hkw x̀gkfn eaas ukfVl fn;s fcuk vU;Fkk izos”k fd;k tk ldrk gks] ftlls ml d{k dh] tks fL=;kas ds jgus ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrk gks] fL=;kas gVdj Hkwx̀gkfn ds ,sls Hkkx esa pyh tk ldsa] tgka mudh ,dkUrrk eas dksbZ ck/kk u igqaps ( vkSj ¼?k½ ftl Hkwx̀gkfn esa izos”k fd;k tk;sxk mlds v/;kfl;kas dh lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd izFkkvkas dk lE;d /;ku j[kk tk;sxk A 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 79 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 82 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 64 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 106&108À ¿106&& ¼1½ ¿xzke lHkkÀ 4 ;k ¿xkao ¿iapk;rÀ 4 vFkok Hkwfe izca/kd lfefr ds fo:} vFkok mlds ;k U;k; iapk;r ds lnL; ;k vf/kdkjh ;k lsodÀ 3 xkao ds fo:} tks bu fudk;ksa vFkok O;fDr;kas esa ls fdlh ds funs”k ds v/khu dk;Z djrk gks] fdlh ,sls dk;Z ds fy;s] tks mlus bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vf/kdkfjd :Ik esa fd;k gks ;k ftldk fd;k tkuk rkRif;Zr gks] dksbZ flfoy okn ;k vU; dksbZ fof/kd dk;Zokgh rc rd u lafLFkr dh tk;sxh tc rd fd ¿xzke lHkkÀ 4 ;k ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 dh n”kk eas fyf[kr uksfVl] ftlesa okn dkj.k] visf{kr mi”keh dk izdkj] nkok fd;s tkus okys izfrdj dh /kujkf”k] ;fn dksbZ gks] vkSj oknh dk uke rFkk fuoklx̀g dk irk Li’V :Ik ls of.kZr gksxk] lacaf/kr ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds dk;kZy; esa ifjnRr fn;s tkus ;k ogka NksM+ fn;s tkus vksj lnL; vf/kdkjh ;k lsod vFkok ,sls O;fDr dh n”kk eas tks mlds funs”k ds v/khu vFkok ¿xzke lHkkÀ 4 ] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 vFkok U;k; ia;k;r ds funs”k ds v/khu dk;Z dj jgk gks] mls ifjnRr fd;s tk;s vFkok mlds dk;kZy; ;k mlds fuokl x̀g ij NksM+ fn;s tkus ds ckn nks ekl u O;rhr gks x;s gksa] vkSj okn i= esa bl vk”k; dk dFku gksxk fd ,slk uksfVl bl izdkj ifjnRr fd;k x;k gS ;k NksM+ fn;k x;k gS AÀ 1 ¿xzke lHkkvkas]À 4 ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 muds vf/kdkfj;kas vFkok U;k; iapk;rksa ds vf/kdkfj;kas vkSj lsodkas ds fo:} flfoy okn ¼2½ dksbZ ,slh dk;Zokgh] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ eas of.kZr gS]] okndj.k izksnHkwr gksus ds i'pkr 6 ekl ds Hkhrj gh izkjEHk djus ds flok; vU;Fk izkjEHk ugha dh tk;sxh A 107&& ¼1½ twMhf”k;y vkfQllZ izksVsD”ku ,sDV] 1850 ds mica/k U;k; iapk;r ds lnL;kas ij ykxw gksxsa A ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 rFkk U;k; iapk;r dks lja{k.k 1850 dk 8 ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k blds v/khu cuk;s x;s fdlh fu;e ;k mifof/k ds v/khu lnHkkoiwoZd fd;s x;s vFkok fd;s tkus ds fy;s vfHkizsr fdlh dk;Z ds laca/k eas ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ;k mlds fdlh lnL; ;k vf/kdkjh ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds fo:} tks mlds funs”k ds v/khu dk;Z dj jgk gks] dksbZ flfoy okn vFkok vfHk;kstu fdlh U;k;ky; esa xzg.k u fd;k tk;sxk A ¿107&d&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vU;Fkk micaf/kr voLFkk dks NksM+dj ¿xzke lHkkÀ 4 ] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 vFkok mldh dksbZ lfefr bl ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh mldh lnL;rk esa dksbZ fjfDr Fkh vFkok mlds fdlh lnL; dk uke ntZ djus esa dksbZ =qfV ;k vfu;ferrk Fkh] dk;Z djus ds fy;s l”kLr gksxh ¿vkSj fdlh xzke lHkk] xzke iapk;rÀ 5 vFkok mldh dksbZ lfefr eas dksbZ dk;Zokgh bl ckr ds gksrs gq;s Hkh oS/k gksxh fdlh lnL; dk uke ntZ djus eas dksbZ =qfV ;k vfu;ferrk Fkh vFkok O;fDr tks ,slk djus dk gdnkj ugh Fkk] dk;Zokfg;kas eas mifLFkr jgk] ernku fd;k vFkok mifLFkr O;fDr;kas esa ls de ls de nks frgkbZ O;fDr lnL; gksus ds fy;s vugZ u jgs gksa AÀ 2 dk;Zokfg;ksa dh oS/krk 108&& iqfyl dk izR;sd vf/kdkjh fdlh ,sls vijk/k dh] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k blds v/khu cuk;s x;s fdlh fu;e vFkok mifof/k ds fo:} fd;k x;k gks vkSj ftldh mls tkudkjh gks tk;s] lwpuk rRdky ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 dk nsxk vkSj ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 vkSj U;k; iapk;r ds leLr lnL;kaas rFkk lsodkas dks muds fof/k lEer izkf/kdkjh ds iz;ksx esa lgk;rk nsxk A iapk;rkas dks lgk;rk nsus rFkk vijk/kksa ds laaca/k esa iqfyl dh “kfDr;ka rFkk drZO; 1- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 81 }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 82 }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 3- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 33] 1961 dh vuqlwph 8¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 54 }kjk izfrLFkkfir 65 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 109&110À 109&& ;fn ¿U;k; iapk;r dh vf/kdkfjrk ds laca/k eas vFkokÀ 1 nks ;k nks ls vf/kd ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 6 ds chp vFkok ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 vFkok Vkmu ,fj;k vFkok E;qfulhiy cksMZ vFkok ftyk ifj’kn~ ds chp dksbZ fookn mRiUu gks rks mls fu;r izkf/kdkjh dks vfHkfn’V fd;k tk;sxk] ftldk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxk vkSj ml ij fdlh fof/k U;k;y; esa vkifRr ugh dh tk;sxh A ¿109&d&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh vU; micU/k esa fdlh izfrdwy ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] && vfHkys[kksa dh vfHkj{kk vkSj mUgsa izekf.kr djus dk <ax ¼d½ xzke iapk;r ds lHkh vfHkys[k mlds ¿iz/kkuÀ 8 dh vfHkj{kk esa jgsaxs( ¼[k½ ¿iz/kku@À 9 lfpo] vkosnu djus ij vkSj ,slh Qhl ds Hkqxrku djus ij] tSlh fu;r dh tk;] fdlh O;fDr dks ,sls fdlh vfHkys[k dh izfr nsxk vkSj mls vius gLrk{kj vkSj xzke iapk;r dh eqgj ls lR; izfrfyfi ds :Ik esa izekf.kr djsxk( ¿¼x½ vfHkys[kksa ds leqfpr vuqj{k.k ,oa muesa izfof’V;ka djus dk nkf;Ro xzke iapk;r ds lfpo dk gksxkAÀ 10 ¼2½ xzke iapk;r ds fdlh vfHkys[k dh lE;d :Ik ls izekf.kr izfr dks vfHkys[k ds vfLrRo ds izFke n’̀V;k lk{; ds :Ik esa ml lhek rd xzg.k fd;k tk;xk] tgk¡ vkSj ftl lhek rd vfHkys[k] ;fn og izLrqr fd;k tkrk] ,sls fo’k;ksa dks izekf.kr djus ds fy, xzkº; gksrkAÀ 7 v/;k; 9 fu;e] mifof/k;ak rFkk fujlu 110&& ¿¼1½ jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy;s xtV eas vf/klwpuk }kjk fu;e cuk ldrh gSAÀ 4 jkT; ljdkj dh fu;e cukus dh “kfDr ¼2½ fo”ks’kr% rFkk iwoksZDr “kfDr dk O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] ,sls fu;eksa eas fuEufyf[kr O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS&& ¼1½ dksbZ fo’k;] ftlds fy;s O;oLFkk djus dh “kfDr bl vf/kfu;e }kjk vfHkO;Dr vFkok foof{kr :Ik ls jkT; ljdkj dks iznRr dh tk;s ( ¿¼2½ ¿xzke lHkkÀ 6 ;k U;k; iapk;r dh LFkkiuk ;k ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 6 dk la?kVu(À 3 2 ¼2&d½ miiz/kku ds fy;s vgZrk;as ( 2 ¼2&[k½ ¿xzke lHkkÀ 6 ;k U;k; iapk;r dh LFkkiuk dk lfdZykas eas ifjorZu gksus ds QyLo:Ik muds ifjlEer vkSj nkf;Rokas dk fooj.k ( ¿¼2&x½ /kkjk 12&x ds v/khu fuokZpu ;kfpdkvkas vkSj iqujh{k.k ds fy;s vkosnu i=ksa dk izLrqr fd;k tkuk vkSj mudk fuLrkj.k AÀ 5 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 83 }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½ ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 3- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 15] 1960 dh /kkjk 15 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 4- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 3] 1973 dh /kkjk 14 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 5- m0iz0vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 43 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 33 o’kZ 1999 ds v/;k;&nks dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 2003 dh /kkjk 2 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 2 ¼2½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 10- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 2 ¼3½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 66 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 110À 2 ¼2&?k½ iz/kku] miiz/kku] ¿xzke iapk;rkasÀ 5 ds lnL;kas] iap] lgk;d ljiap] rFkk ljiap }kjk “kiFk xzg.k ( 2 ¼2&³½ iz/kku] miiz/kku] ¿xzke iapk;rkasÀ 5 ds lnL;kas] iap] lgk;d ljiap] rFkk ljiap }kjk in R;kx i= dk fuosf’kr fd;k tkuk ( 1 ¼2&p½ lkekU; fuokZpukas rFkk mi fuokZpukas dk vk;kstu ( ¿¼2&N½ U;k; iapk;r ds iapksa dh fu;qfDr (À 5 1 ¼2&t½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 vkSj U;k; iapk;r ds inkf/kdkfj;kas dks vodk”k iznku djuk ( 1 ¼2&>½ fdl dkj.k ls iz/kku vkSj miiz/kku dh vuqifLFkfr esa muds drZO;kas dk ikyu fd;k tkuk ( ¼3½ ¿xzke lHkkvkas]À 4 ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 vkSj U;k; iapk;r dh cSBdksa dk le; vkSj LFkku vkSj cSBdsa cqykus vkSj mudh lwpuk nsus dh jhfr ( ¼4½ dk;Zokfg;kas dk lapkyu] ftlds vUrxZr cSBdkas eas lnL;kas }kjk iz”ukas dk iwNk tkuk vkSj cSBdkas dk LFkfxr fd;k tkuk vkSj cSBdkas dh dk;Zof̀Rr iqLrdsa Hkh gS ( ¼5½ lfefr;ksa dk LFkkfir fd;k tkuk vkSj ,slh lfefr;kas eas la?kVu vkSj izfdz;k ls lacaf/kr lHkh fo’k;kas dk vo/kkj.k ( ¼6½ inkf/kdkfj;kas dk fuyEcu rFkk gVk;k tkuk ( ¼7½ vfHkys[k vkSj jftLVj] tks ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 vkSj U;k; iapk;rksa }kjk j[ks tk;sxsa rFkk izi= ftleas os gksxas ( ¿¼7&d½ ¿xzke lHkkÀ 4 rFkk ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds jftLVjkas dk fu;rdkfyd] iqujh{k.k rFkk la”kks/ku (À 1 ¼8½ dk;Zokgh tks dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr] la;qDr lfefe ;k fdlh vU; lfefr vkSj U;k; iapk;r esas dksbZ fjfDr gksus ij dh tk;sxh ( ¼9½ izkf/kdkjh ftlds }kjk dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr] la;qDr lfefr] fdlh vU; lfefr vFkok U;k; iapk;r eas fu;qfDr;ksa ds laca/k eas fooknkas dk fu.kZ; fd;k tk ldrk gS] rFkk mleas ikyu dh tkus okyh izfdz;k ( ¼10½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ¿vFkok U;k; iapk;rÀ 2 ds ,sls lsodksa }kjk nh tkus okyh izfrHkwfr dh /kujkf”k vkSj mldk izdkj ftlls izfrHkwfr dh vis{kk djuk b”Vdj le>k tk; ( ¿¼11½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 vkSj U;k; iapk;r ds lsodksa dh fu;qfDr] vgZrk;as] i;Zos{k.k] inP;qfr] lsokeqfDr] mUgsa gVk;k tkuk vFkok n.M rFkk mudh lsok] vodk”k LFkkukUrj.k] osru rFkk fo’ks”kkf/kdkjkas ls lacaf/kr vU; fo’k; vkSj vihy djus ds muds vf/kdkj (À 3 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½ ¼d½ rFkk ¼[k½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½ ¼x½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½ ¼?k½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 11 }kjk izfrfLFkkfirA 67 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 110À ¼12½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ¿rFkk U;k; iapk;rÀ 1 ds lsodksa ds fy;s Hkfo’; fuf/k dk izca/k vkSj fofu;eu] ;fn fdlh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 }kjk Hkfo’; fuf/k dh iz.kkyh viuk;h tk;s ( ¼13½ izkjfEHkd fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk] vuqj{k.k vkSj izca/k rFkk muds Hkoukas dk fuekZ.k vkSj ejEer ( ¼14½ fdlh la;qDr lfefr dks lkSis x;s iqLrdky;ksa] okpuky;ksa] vkS’k/kky;kas dh LFkkiuk] iz”kklu rFkk fu;a=.k vkSj muls lEc) Hkoukas dk fuekZ.k vkSj ejEer rFkk ¿Ikapk;r {ks=À 8 ds fu/kZu fuokfl;kas dks vkS’kf/k vkSj fpfdRlk laca/kh lgk;rk dk lEHkj.k ( ¼15½ fdlh Hkwfe] Hkwx̀gkfn vFkok ty ij mRiUu ty ouLifr ¿?kkl] r.̀kkfn vFkok taxyh mitÀ 2 dks [kkst fudkyuk] ml;s gVkuk vkSj u’V djuk] mlds QSyko dks jksdus ds fy;s ?ksjkas vkSj vojks/kkas dk cuk;k tkuk vkSj ,sls dk;Z dks djus eas gksus okyk O;; ( ¼16½ LoPNrk] lQkbZ] ty fuLrkj.k] Hkoukas] lkoZtfud lM+dkas rFkk ty lEHkj.k ds laca/k esa dk;Zokgh vkSj yksd U;wlsUl dk izfr”ks/k ( ¿¼16&d½ /kkjk 15] 16 rFkk 17 esa mfYyf[kr ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 ds d`R;kas rFkk drZO;kas dk ikyu djuk (À 3 ¼17½ vk; rFkk O;; ds okf’kZd vuqeku rS;kj djuk rFkk fof’k”V iz;kstukas ds fy;s fuf/k ¿dksÀ 4 iF̀kxjf{kr djuk ( ¼18½ ¿xzke iapk;rkasÀ 7 vkSj U;k; iapk;rkas }kjk izLrqr dh tkus okyh foojf.k;ka rFkk izi= ftueas os gksxh vkSj izkf/kdkjh] ftldks vkSj le;] tc os izLrqr dh tk;sxh ( ¼19½ djkas vkSj ykblsal Qhl dk yx;k tkuk] izkf/kdkjh ftlds }kjk vkSj jhfr ftlds vuqlkj dj fu/kkZfjr fd;s tk ldrs gS vkSj izkf/kdkjh ftldks dj fu/kkZj.k vkns”k ds fo:} vihy dh tk ldrh gS ( ¿¼19&d½ ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 7 }kjk jkT; ds ns;ksa rFkk vU; ns;ksa dh olwyh vkSj mlds fy, fn;k tkus okyk ikfjJfed(À 5 ¼20½ djkas rFkk vU; ns;kas ds Hkqxrku dk <ax vkSj le;] olwyh dh izfdz;k vkSj izkf/kdkjh] ftldh lgk;rk djkas rFkk ns;ksa dh olwyh djus eas ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 }kjk yh tk ldrh gS ( ¼21½ ¿xzke iapk;rkasÀ 7 ¿vkSj U;k; iapk;rkasÀ 6 }kjk ys[kk j[kus dk <ax ( ¼22½ lkoZtfud Hkoukas vksSj utwy Hkwfe dk vuqj{k.k ( ¼23½ fdlh lEifRr dks vUrfjr djrs le; ikyu dh tkus okyh vkSipkfjdrk;asa vkSj og jhfr ftlds vuqlkj lafonk foys[k ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 7 }kjk fu’ikfnr fd;k tk;sxk ( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½¼³½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½¼p½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½¼N½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½¼t½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½¼>½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½¼´½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 56 ¼d½ ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 68 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 110À ¼24½ ys[kk ijh{kdkas] fujh{kdksa rFkk v/kh{kd izkf/kdkfj;ksa dh tkap djus dh] lkf{k;ksa dks cqykus vkSj mudh ijh{kk djus dh] ys[;ksa dks izLrqr djus ds fy;s ck/; djus dh “kfDr;ka rFkk ys[kk ijh{kk] fujh{k.k rFkk v/kh{k.k ls lacaf/kr vU; leLr fo’k; ( ¼25½ U;k; iapk;r ds leukas] uksfVlkas rFkk vU; vknsf”kdkvkas dk tkjh fd;k tkuk] mudh rkehy vFkok fu’Ikknu fd;k tkuk vkSj ¿xzke iapk;rkasÀ 3 }kjk uksfVl dk tkjh fd;k tkuk rFkk mudh rkehy fd;k tkuk ( ¿¼25&d½ lkf{k;ksa dh ijh{kk djus ds fy, deh”kukas dk tkjh fd;k tkuk(À 1 ¿¼25&[k½ ;fn ljiap vkijkf/kd okn xzg.k djus ls badkj djs rks mudk lafLFkr fd;k tkuk(À 1 ¼26½ leukas rFkk vU; vknsf”kdkvkas dk rkehy fd;s tkus ;k fu’ikfnr fd;k tkus ds fy;s U;k; iapk;rkas }kjk fdlh vU; U;k; iapk;r ;k U;k;ky; dks vUrfjr fd;k tkuk ( ¼27½ flfoy oknksa rFkk vkijkfnd oknkas ds lafLFkr fd;s tkus] vknsf”kdkvkas ds tkjh fd;s tkus] ys[;ksa dh izfrfyfi;ka izkIr djus rFkk vU; fo’k;ksa ds fy;s U;k; iapk;rkas }kjk yxk;h tkus okyh Qhl ( ¼28½ ml n”kk esa ns; U;k;ky; Qhl rFkk vU; Qhl tc U;k; iapk;r i{kksa dh lgefr ls ,slk flfoy okn xzg.k djs tks vU;Fkk mldh vkf/kdkfjrk ds ckgj gks( ¼29½ U;k; iapk;r }kjk nh x;h fMfdz;ka] fn;s x;s vkns”kkas vkSj n.Mkns”kkas ds fu’iknu dh izfdz;k ( ¼30½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu U;k; iapk;rkas }kjk vius drZO;kas dk ikyu fd;s tkus ds fy;s ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 3 }kjk /kujkf”k izfo’V fd;k tkuk vkSj og lhek ftl rd U;k; iapk;rksa dks Hkqxrku dh x;h Qhlksa dk ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 3 }kjk iz;skx fd;k tk ldrk gS A ¼31½ “kfDr;ka] ftudk iz;ksx ftyk ifj’kn vFkok fdlh fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vius nkf;R;ksa dk fuoZgu djus eas fd;k tkldrk gS vkSj og jhfr ftlls ,slh “kfDr;kas dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS A ¼32½ ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 3 ds fy, ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 3 }kjk mifof/k;ka cukus esa fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk ikyu dh tkus okyh izfdz;k ( ¿¼33½ lkekU;r;k bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok blds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;ekas ds v/khu fdlh fo’k; ds laca/k esa izi=kas rFkk jftLVjkas dk fu;r fd;k tkuk vkSj mudk eqnz.k (À 2 ¼34½ uD”kksa] fMtk;ukas] fof”k’V fooj.k rFkk vuqekukas dk vuqeksnukFkZ izLrqr fd;k tkuk ( ¼35½ xkao Lo;a lsod ny ds drZO;] “kfDr;ka vkSj dR̀; ( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 85¼1½¼V½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½ ¼B½ }kjk izfrLFkkfir A 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 69 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 111À ¼36½ ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 4 ] ¿U;k; iapk;rkasÀ 1 }kjk okf’kZd fjiksVksZ dk izLrqr fd;k tkuk vkSj mudk iqufoZyksdu] ¼37½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds lnL;ksa ls fHkUu O;fDr] tks ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 4 dh cSBdkas esa ijke”kZnkrk ds :Ik esa mifLFkr gks ldrs gksa ( ¼38½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 vkSj U;k; iapk;r rFkk vU; izkf/kdkfj;kas ds chp i= O;ogkj dk ek/;e ( ¼39½ ¿xzke lHkkvkas vFkok xzke iapk;rksaÀ 5 vFkok U;k; iapk;rkas ds lekIr fd;s tkus ij muds ifjlEifRr vkSj nkf;Roksa dk fuLrkj.k ( ¼40½ fdlh ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds lEiw.kZ LFkkuh; {ks= ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dk fdlh ¿uxjÀ 3 ] E;wfulhiSfyVh] uksfVQkbM ,fj;k] Vkmu,fj;k vFkok dsUVksesaV eas lfEefyr dj fy;s tkus ij dh tkus okyh dk;Zokgh vkSj og jhfr ftlls ,slh ifjfLFkfr;kas esa ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds ifjlEifRr vkSj nkf;Rokas dk fuLrkj.k fd;k tk ldsxk ( ¼41½ “krsaZ] ftuds v/khu xkao iapk;r dks ns; /kujkf”k;ka olwy u gksus ;ksX; gksus ds dkj.k cV~Vs [kkrs eas Mkyh tk ldrh gS vkSj “krsZ] ftlds v/khu lEiw.kZ Qhl vFkok mlds fdlh Hkkx dh NwV nh tk ldrh gS] vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa dks dk;kZfUor djus ls lacaf/kr fdlh fo’k; eas lkekU;r;k ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 4 ] U;k; iapk;rkas] la;qDr lfefr;kssa] vU; lfefr;kas ljdkj ds lsodkas rFkk vU; izkf/kdkfj;kas ds iFk izn”kZu ds fy;s( ¿¼42½ vuqlfpr tkfr;ksa dk i;kZIr izfrfuf/kRo izkIr djus ds fy;s ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds lnL;ksa dk fuokZpu dk fofu;eu ( 2 ¼43½ lkekU; iz”kklu ij izHkko Mkyus okys fdlh fo’k; ij ljdkjh lsodksa dks ¿xzke iapk;rkasÀ 4 }kjk nh tkus okyh lgk;rk ( 2 ¼44½ lgk;d ljiap vksj miiz/kku dh “kfDr;ka vkSj drZO; ( 2 ¼45½ ¿xzke iapk;rkasÀ 4 }kjk /ku dk _.k fy;k tkuk rFkk fn;k tkuk( 2 ¼46½ fo’k;] tks fu;r fd;s tkus gksa vkSj fu;r fd;s tk;s ( rFkk ¼47½ dksbZ Hkh fo’k;] ftlds laaca/k eas /kkjk 111 esa fdlh ¿xzke iaapk;rÀ 4 ds fy;s mifof/k cukus dh “kfDr fu;r izkf/kdkjh dks iznku dh x;h gks AÀ 2 ¼3½ ¿***À 6 111&& fu;r izkf/kdkjh xkoa iapk;r dh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj fuokl djus okys O;fDr;kas ds LokLF;] lqj{kk vkSj lqfo/kk dh vfHkof̀} vkSj vuqj{k.k ds iz;kstu ds fy;s rFkk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ¿xzke iapk;rksaÀ 4 ds iz”kklu dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy;s viuh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 4 ds bl vf/kfu;e ls vkSj blds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ls laxr mifof/k;ka cuk ldrk gS vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk vis{kk fd;s tkus ij vo”; cuk;sxk A mifof/k;ka cukus dh ftyk ifj’knksa dh “kfDr 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½ ¼M½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 ¼1½ ¼r½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1978 dh /kkjk 73 ¼[k½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 56 ¼d½ ¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 56 ¼[k½ }kjk fujflrA 70 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 112&113À 112&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa rFkk blds v/khu cuk;s x;s lHkh fu;eksa ds vkSj fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk cuk;h x;h mifof/k;kas] ;fn dksbZ gks] ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 fuEufyf[kr ds fy;s mifof/k;ka cuk ldrh gS&& mifof/k;ka cukus dh ¿xzke iapk;rkasÀ 3 dh “kfDr ¼d½ ihus ds iz;kstu ds fy;s fdlh ,sls Lkzksr ls ty ds gVkus vFkok mlds iz;kssx dk izfr’ks/k djuk ftlls LokLF; ds fy;s ladV mRiUu gksus dh laHkkouk gks vkSj fdlh ,sls dk;Z djus dk izfr”ks/k djuk ftlls ihu ds ty ds Lkzksr ds nwf’kr gksus dh laHkkouk gks ( ¼[k½ fdlh ukyh vFkok Hkwx̀gkfn ls fdlh lkoZtfud lM+d ij vFkok unh] iks[kj] rkykc dq,a eas vFkok fdlh vU; LFkku ij ty ds fuLrkj.k dk izfr’ks/k vFkok mls fofu;fer djuk ( ¼x½ lkoZtfud lM+d rFkk ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dh laifRr dks {kfr ls cpuk ( ¼?k½ ¿xzke iapk;rkasÀ 3 ds {ks= esa LoPNrk] lQkbZ rFkk ty fuLrkj.k dks fofu;fer djuk ( ¼M+½ nqdkunkjksa vFkok vU; O;fDr;kas }kjk lkoZtfud lM+dkas vFkok vU; lkoZtfud LFkkukas ds iz;ksx dk vFkok lkoZtfud lM+dksa ij rgcktkjh ds laxzg.k dk izfr”ks/k djuk ;k mls fofu;fer djuk ( ¼p½ ml jhfr dks fofu;fer djuk] ftlls rkykc] iks[kj] uydwi] pjkxkg] [ksy ds eSnku] [kkn ds xM<+s] èrd “kjhj ds fuLrkj.k ds fy;s Hkwfe rFkk ugkus ds LFkku vuqjf{kr rFkk iz;qDr fd;s tk;sxsa ( ¿¼N½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 ds fdlh ,ssls vU; drZO;kas vFkok dR̀;kasa dk fofu;fer djuk tSlk fd fu;r izkf/kdkjh }kjk funs”k fn;k tk;sAÀ 1 ¼2½ ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 }kjk cukbZ xbZ mifof/k;ks dk izk:Ik fu;r jhfr ls izdkf”kr fd;k tk;sxkA mlds laca/k eas izkIr fdUgha vkifRr;kas ij ¿xzke iapk;rÀ 3 dh cSBd esa fopkj fd;k tk;sxk vkSj rc mifof/k;ka izkIr] vkifRr;kas] ;fn dksbZ gks] vksj mu ij fd;s x;s fu.kZ;kas lfgr fu;e jhfr ls izdkf”kr fd;s tkus ds ckn izoR̀r gksxsa ¿(À 2 ¿izfrca/k ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkj bl izdkj Lohdr̀ fdUgha mifof/k;kas dks fdlh Hkh le; fo[kafMr dj ldrh gSAÀ 2 113&& ¼1½ ¿***À 5 fujlu vkSj ladze.k& dkyhu micU/k ¿¼2½ mÙkj izns”k iapk;r fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds fnukad dks vkSj ls] fdlh fu;e] fofu;e] mifof/k] ifjfu;r lays[k ;k rRle; izoÙ̀k fdlh vU; fof/k eas ;k fdlh nLrkost ;k dk;Zokfg;ksa eas] ¿*xzke lHkkÀ 3 ;k ¿^xzke iapk;r^À 3 ds izfr fdlh funsZ”k dks ^xzke iapk;r^ ds izfr funsZ”k le>k tk;sxkAÀ 4 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 86¼1½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 86 ¼2½ }kjk c<+k;k x;k A 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9] 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 58 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 12 }kjk fujflrA 71 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 114&117À ¿114&& ¿¼1½À 2 ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu la?kfVr fdlh fudk; eas fdlh lnL; vFkok inkf/kdkjh dh èR;q gks tkus] mlds in R;kx djus] gVk;s tkus vFkok fuokZpu dk ifjotZu djus ds dkj.k dksbZ fjfDr gks tk;s vkSj ,sls lnL; vFkok inkf/kdkjh dk dk;Zdky lkekU; ?kVukdze eas ,slh fjfDr gksus ds N% ekl ds Hkhrj lekIr gks tkrk gks rks fu;r izkf/kdkjh funs”k ns ldrk gS fd fjfDr dks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vkxkeh lkekU; fuokZpu gksus rd fcuk Hkjs j[kk tk;sxk AÀ 1 dfri; n”kkvkas eas vkdfLed fjfDr;kas dks fcuk Hkjs j[kk tkuk ¿¼2½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn;s x;s funs”k ds dkj.k iz/kku rFkk miiz/kku nksuksa ds i{kksa dh fjfDr;ksa fcuk Hkjs jg tk;s rks iz/kku ds fuokZfpr gksus rd iz/kku ds d`R;kas ds fuoZgu ds fy;s fu;r izkf/kdkjh] vkns”k }kjk] ,slk izca/k dj ldrk gS tks og Bhd le>sAÀ 2 4 ¿115&& ¼1½ mÙkj izns”k iapk;r fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds fnukad dks vkSj ls && dqN n”kkvksa eaas lEifÙk] vkfLr;ksa] vf/kdkjksa] nkf;Roksa rFkk vkHkkjksa dk mÙkjkf/kdkj ¼d½ leLr lEifÙk] lEifÙk eas fgr vkSj vkfLr;ka] ftuds vUrxZr jksdM+ ckdh Hkh gS] tgka dgha Hkh os fLFkr gksa] tks mDr fnukad ds Bhd igys ¿xzke lHkkÀ 3 eas fufgr Fkh] bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy,] ;FkkfLFkfr] xzke iapk;r eas fufgr gks tk;saxh vkSj blds vf/kdkj eas jgsaxs( rFkk ¼[k½ iwoksZDr ¿xzke lHkkÀ 3 ds ,sls leLr vf/kdkj] nkf;Ro vkSj vkHkkj pkgs os fdlh lafonk ls mRiUu gq, gksa ;k vU;Fkk] tks mDr fnukad ls Bhd igys fo|eku gks] ;FkkfLFkfr] ml xzke iapk;r ds vf/kdkj] nkf;Ro vkSj vk/kkj gks tk;saxsA ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ lansg ;k fookn mRiUu gks fd dksbZ lEifÙk] fgr ;k vkfLr mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu xzke iapk;r eas fufgr gks xbZ gS ;k ugha vFkok dksbZ vf/kdkj] nkf;Ro ;k vk/kkj xzke iapk;r dk vf/kdkj] nkf;Ro ;k vkHkkj gks x;k gS ;k ugha rks ,slk lansg ;k fookn] jkT; ljdkj dks fu;r jhfr ls fufnZ’V fd;k tk;sxk] ftldk fu.kZ;] tc rd fd og fdlh fof/k U;k;ky; ds fdlh fu.kZ; ls vodzkUr u gks tk,] vfUre gksxkA 116&& fdlh xkao lHkk dks ns; leLr /kujkf”k;ka] pkgs os fdlh dj ds en eas ns; gks ;k fdlh vU; [kkrs esa] xzke iapk;r }kjk olwy dh tk;sxh vkSj xzke iapk;r ,slh olwyh ds iz;kstukFkZ dksbZ ,slk dk;Z djus ds fy, l{ke gksxh ;k dksbZ ,slh dk;Zokgh djus ds fy, l{ke gksxh] ftls mÙkj izns”k iapk;r fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izoÙ̀k u gksus dh n”kk eas mDr ¿xzke lHkkÀ 3 djus ;k izkjEHk djus dh vf/kdkjh gksrhA ns; /kujkf”k;ka 117&& ¼1½ fdlh ¿xzke lHkkÀ 3 }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls /kkjk 115 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ eas fufnZ’V fnukad ds iwoZ mixr lHkh _.kksa vkSj vkHkkjksa vkSj dh xbZ lHkk lafonkvksa ds lEcU/k eas] tks mDr fnukad dks fo|eku gksa] ;g le>k tk;xk fd os bl vf/kfu;e }kjk mls izkIr vf/kdkjksa dk iz;ksx djds] xzke iapk;r }kjk gq, vFkok fd, x, gSa vkSj rn~uqlkj os izorZu eas cus jgsaxsA _.k] vkHkkj] lafonk,a rFkk fopkjk/khu dk;Zokfg;ka 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1955 dh /kkjk 87 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 6 o’kZ 1969 dh /kkjk 9 }kjk iqulZa[;kafdr rFkk vUrfoZ’VA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 59 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 72 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿/kkjk 118&119À ¼2½ mDRk ¿xzke lHkkÀ 1 ds fdlh izkf/kdkjh ds le{k mDr fnukad dks fopkjk/khu ,slh leLr dk;Zokfg;ksa] ftudk bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds v/khu xzke iapk;r ds le{k izkjEHk fd;k tkuk vFkok mlds }kjk lEiUUk fd;k tkuk visf{kr gks] xzke iapk;r dks ladzfe dj nh tk;sxh vkSj mlds }kjk tkjh j[kh tk;sxh vkSj ,slh vU; leLr dk;Zokfg;ka Hkh] ;FkklEHko] ml izkf/kdkjh dks ladzfer dj nh tk;sxh vkSj mlds }kjk tkjh j[kh tk;saxh] ftlds le{k vFkok ftlds }kjk os bl vf/kfu;e ds vmicu/kksa ds v/khu izkjEHk ;k lEiUu dh tkrhA ¼3½ mDRk ¿xzke lHkkÀ 1 ds izkf/kdkjh ds le{k mDr fnukad dks fopkjk/khu leLr vihysa] ;FkkO;ogk;Z] bl izdkj fuLrkfjr dh tk;saxh ekuksa mlds izkjEHk fd;s tkus ds le; xzke iapk;r fo|eku FkhA ¼4½ mDr ¿xzke lHkkÀ 1 }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls pyk;s x;s vfHk;kstu vkSj mDr xkao lHkk }kjk ;k mlds fo:) ;k mDr ¿xzke lHkkÀ 1 ds fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk ;k mlds fo:) pyk;s x;s lHkh okn vkSj vU; fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ka] tks mDRk fnukad dks fopkjk/khu gks] ;FkkfLFkfr] xzke iapk;r ;k v/fkdkjh }kjk ;k mlds fo:) mlh izdkj tkjh jgsxh ekuksa ,sls vfHk;kstu] okn ;k dkZokgh pyk;s tkus ds le; xzke iapk;r la?kfVr dh tk pqdh gksA 118&& bl vf/kfu;e eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] mÙkj izns”k iapk;r fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds fnukad dks vkSj ls] ¿mDr vf/kfu;e }kjk ;Fkkla”kksf/kr bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu izFke ckjÀ 3 xzke iapk;rksa ds laxBu rd dh vof/k ds nkSjku xkao iapk;r vkSj mdls iz/kku] miiz/kku vkSj lnL; dze”k% xzke iapk;r vkSj mlds iz/kku] miiz/kku vkSj lnL;ksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk iz;ksx] dR̀;ksa dk lEiknu vkSj drZO;ksa dk fuoZgu djsaxs vkSj xzke iapk;r ds iz/kku] miiz/kku vkSj lnL; le>s tk;saxsA xzke iapk;rksa ds laxBu rd ds fy, O;oLFkk 119&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa dks ;k bl vf/kfu;e eas fdlh ckr ds gkssus ds dkj.k] rRle; izoÙ̀k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr dks izHkkoh cukus eas dfBukbZ mRiUu gks rks jkT; ljdkj tSlk volj fo”ks’k ij visf{kr gks] vf/klwwfpr vkns”k }kjk] ;g funs”k ns ldrh gS fd ;g vf/kfu;e ,sls vuqdwyuksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] pkgs os ifj’dkj] ifjo/kZu ;k yksi ds :Ik eas gks] izHkkoh gksxk] ftUgsa og vko”;d ;k b’Vdj le>saA dfBukb;ksa dks nwj djus dh “kfDRk ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkns”k mÙkj izns”k iapk;r fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ls nks o’kZ dh vof/k dh lekfIr ds Ik”pkr~ ugha fd;k tk;sxkA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh vkns”k }kjk cuk, x, micU/k izHkko gksaxs] ekuks bl vf/kfu;e eas vf/kfu;fer fd;s x;s gSa vkSj ,slk dksbZ vkns”k fdlh Hkwry{kh fnukad ls] fdUrq tks mÙkj izns”k iapk;r fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ dk fnukad ugha gksxk] fn;k tk ldrk gSA ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn;k x;k izR;sd vkns”k] ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz] jkT; fo/kku e.My ds nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k j[kk tk;sxk vkSj mÙkj izns”k lk/kkj.k [k.M vf/kfu;e] 1904 dh /kkjk 23&d dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/k mlh izdkj ykxw gksaxs] ftl izdkj os fdlh mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk cuk, x, fu;eksa ds lEcU/k eas ykxw gksrs gSaAÀ 2 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1994 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 59 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 21 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 13 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 73 ¿la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947À ¿vuqlwphÀ vuqlwph ¿/kkjk 68 nsf[k;sÀ flfoy oknksa dk fooj.k Ikfjlhek vof/k og le; tc ls vof/k izkjEHk gksrh gS 1& fdlh lafonk ij ns; /kujkf”k ds fy;s 3 o’kZ tc /kujkf”k oknh dks ns; gks tk;sA 2& taxe lEifRr ;k mlds ewY; dh olwyh ds fy;s 3 o’kZ tc oknh taxe lEifRr ds ifjnku dk gdnkj gks x;k gks A 3& fdlh taxe lEifRr dks nks’kiw.kZ :Ik ls ysus ;k gkfu igqapkus ds fufeRr izfrdj ds fy;s 3 o’kZ Tkc taxe lEifRr dks nks’kiw.kZ :Ik ls yh x;h Fkh ;k tc mls gkfu igqWpk;h x;h Fkh A 4& i'kqvkas ds vuf/kdr̀ izos”k }kjk igqaph {kfr ds fy;s 6 ekl Tkc i'kqvkas ds vuf/kdr̀ izos”k }kjk {kfr igqWph FkhA 74 THE UNITED PROVINCES PANCHAYAT RAJ ACT, 1947 1 [U. P. ACT No. XXVI OF 1947] Amended by U. P. Act No. X of 1950 U. P. Act No. VI of 1952 U. P. Act No. XVIII of 1952 U. P. Act No. VI of 1954 U. P. Act No. II of 1955 U. P. Act No. 19 of 1957 U. P. Act No. 15 of 1960 U. P. Act No.3 of 1961 U. P. Act No. 33 of 1961 U. P. Act No.9 of 1962 U. P. Act No. 20 of 1963 U. P. Act No. 10 of 1965 U. P. Act No. 20 of 1966 U. P. Act No. 14 of 1968 U. P. Act No.6 of 1969 U. P. Act No. 19 of 1970 U. P. Act No. 18 of 1971 U. P. Act No. 31 of 1972 U. P. Act' No.3 of 1973 U. P., Act No. 37 of 1978 [Passed by the United Provinces Legislative Assembly On June 5, 1947, and by the United Provinces Legislative Council on September 16, 1947. Received the assent of the Governor General of the Dominion of India on December 7; 1947, under section 76 of the Government of India Act, 1935, and was published in the United Provinces Government Gazette, dated December 27, 1947.] AN ACT to establish and develop local self-government on the rural areas of the United Provinces. Whereas it is expedient to establish and develop local self government in the rural area, of the United Provinces and to make better provision for village administration and development; It is hereby enacted as follows: 1. For statement of objects and reasons see Gazette, Extraordinary, dated August 8, 1946. 75 [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 1-2] CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY Short title, extent and commencement 1- (1) This Act may be called the United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947. (2) It shall extend to the whole of the United Provinces except the area, which has been, or may hereafter be, declared as, or included in 8[a city under the Uttar Pradesh Nagar Mahapalika Adhiniyam, 1959, or] 5 a municipality [or] 1 notified area under the provisions of the United Provinces Municipalities Act, 1916, or as a cantonment under the provisions of the Cantonments Act, 1924, or as a town area under the United Provinces Town Areas Act. 1914. [ * * * ] 6 (3) It shall come into force at once. Definitions 2- In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context- (a) "Nyaya Panchayat" means a Nyaya Panchayat established under section 42 and includes bench thereof; (b) "adult" means a person who has [attained the age of twenty-one years] 2 ; [(bb) “backward classes” means the backward classes of citizens specified in Schedule-I of the Uttar Pradesh public Services (Reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes) Act, 1994;] 9 (c) [“Criminal Case”] 3 means a criminal proceeding in respect of an offence triable by a Nyaya Panchayat; [and includes a proceeding under section 53] 7 ; (d) "circle" means the area within which a Nyaya Panchayat exercises jurisdiction under section 42 ; [(e) "Collector" or "District Magistrate" or "Sub-Divisional Magistrate", with reference to a [Gram Sabha] 8 , means the Collector, District Magistrate or Sub- Divisional Magistrate of the district or the sub-division, as the case may be, in which such [Gram Sabha] 8 is constituted. and shall respectively include Additional Collector, Additional District Magistrate and Additional Sub- Divisional Magistrate;] 4 [(f) "Zila Panchayat" shall have the meaning assigned to it under clause (ii) of section 2 of the Uttar Pradesh Kshettra Panchayats and Zila Panchayats Adhiniyam, 1961; 1. Subs. by sub-section (2) of section 2 of U. P. Act no. II of 1955. 2. Subs. by section 3 (1) ibid. 3. Subs. by section 3 (2) ibid. 4. Added and be deemed always to have been added by sub-section (2) (i) of U. P. Act no. XIX of 1957. 5. Ins. by section 2 (a) of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 6. Del. by section 2(b) ibid. 7. Ins. by section 3(a) ibid. 8. Substituted by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 9, 1994. 9. Added by section 3(a) ibid. 76 [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 2] UP Act III of 1901 UP Act I of 1951 UP Act XIV of 1980 (g) "Gram Sabha " means a body established under section 3, consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls relating to a village comprised within the area of a Gram Panchayat; (h) "Gram Panchayat" means the Gram Panchayat “constituted” under section 12 ;] 6 [(hh) “Finance Commission” menas the Finance Commission constituted under Article 243-I of the Constitution; (hhh) “Kshettra Panchayat” shall have the meaning assigned to it under clause (6) of section 2 of the Uttar Pradesh Kshettra Panchayats and Zila Panchayats Adhiniyam, 1961;] 7 [(i) “Electoral Registration Officer” means an officer so nominated or designated under sub-section (1) of section 9;] 3 ; (j) [* * * ] 1 [(k) "Munsif " and "Judicial Magistrate", with reference to a Nyaya Panchayat, mean the Munsif or the Magistrate, as the case may be, having local jurisdiction in respect of civil or criminal case respectively, in the circle of such Nyaya Panchayat;] 4 [(kk) “State Election Commission” means the State Election Commission referred to in Article 243-K of the Constitution; [(kkk) ‘Mukhya Nirvachan Adhikari (Panchayat)’ means an officer of the State Government appointed, designated or nominated as such by the State Election Commission in consulatation with the State Government;] 10 (l) "population" means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published; (ll) “Panchayta area” means the territorial area of a Gram Panchayat declared as such under sub-section (1) of section 11-F;] 8 (m) [* * * ] 5 [(mm) "Public property" and "public land" means any public building, park or garden or other place to which for the time being the public have or are permitted to have access whether on payment or otherwise;] 2 (n) "public servant" means a public servant as defined in section 21 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 ; 1. Del. by section 3(3) of U. P. Act no. II of 1955. 2. Added by sub-section (5) of section 3 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 3(b) of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 4. Subs. by section 3(c) ibid. 5. Del. by section 3 (d) ibid. 6. Substituted by section 2 (b) of U.P. Act No. 9, 1994. 7. Added by section 3(c) ibid. 8. Subs. by section 3 (d) ibid. 9. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 29 of 1995. 10. Added by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 21 of 1995. 77 [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 2] (o) "public street" means any road, street, bridge, lane, square, court, alley or passage which the public has a right to pass along, and includes on either side the drains or gutters and the land up to the defined boundary of any abutting property notwithstanding any projection over such land of any verandah or other superstructure [but does not include any such road, street, bridge, lane, square, court, alley or passage owned, maintained or repaired by the State Government or the Central Government or any other local authority;] 1 (p) "prescribed" means prescribed by this Act or rules made thereunder ; [(q) “Prescribed authority” means : - (i) for the purposes of the provisions of this Act mentioned in Schedule III of the [Uttar Pradesh Kshettra Panchayats and Zila Panchayats Adhiniyam, 1961] 10 , the [Zila Panchayat] 9 or the [Kshettra Panchayat] 9 , as may be specified in column 3 of that Schedule, and (ii) in respect of any other provisions of this Act the authority notified as such by the State Government whether generally or for any particular purpose.] 7 (r) [* * * ] 2 (s) [“Civil case”] 3 means a civil triable by a Nyaya Punchayat ; [(ss) “Sub Divisional Officer”; includes an Additional Sub-divisional Officer designated or appointed as such by the appropriate authority;] 6 (t) "village" means any local area, recorded as a village in the revenue records of the district in which it is situate [and includes any area which the State Government may by general or special order, declare to be a village for the purposes of this Act ] 4 ; (u) [ * * * ] 5 (v) [ * * * ] 5 (w) [ * * * ] 6 [(x) "Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti" means a Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti established or deemed to be established under section 28-A.] 8 1. Added by sub-section (6) of section 3 of U. P. Act no. II of 1955. 2. Del. by sub-section (7) of section 3 ibid. 3. Subs. by sub-sect ion (8) of section 3 ibid. 4. Added by sub-section (9) of section 3 ibid. 5. Del. by sub-section (10) of section 3 ibid. 6. Added by section 2 (2) of U. P. Act No. 19 of 1957. 7. Subs. by Schedule VIII of U. P. Act no. 33 of 1961. 8. Subs. by Schedule 8 (ii) ibid. 9. Substituted by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 10. Subs. by section 3 (e) ibid. 78 [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 3-5A] CHAPTER II ESTABLISHMENT AND CONSTITUTION OF [GRAM SABHAS] 1 [Gram Sabhas 3- The State Government shall by notification in the official Gazette, establish a Gram Sabha for a village or group of villages by such name as may be specified : Provided that where a Gram Sabha is established for a group of villages, the name os the village having the largest population shall be specified as the name of the Gram Sabha.] 2 4- [***] 3 5- [***] 3 [CHAPTER II-A Disqualifications of members of Gram Panchayat and electoral rolls etc.] 4 Disqualifica- tion for membership [5- A A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as and for being, a member of a Gram Panchayat, if he -- (a) is so disqualified by or under any law for the time being in force for the purposes of elections to the State Legislature : Provided that no person shall be disqualified on the ground that he is less than twenty-five years of age, if he has attained the age of twenty-one years; (b) is a salaried servant of the Gram Panchayat or a Nyaya Panchayat; (c) holds any office of profit under a State Government or the Central Government or [local authority, other than a Gram Panchayat or Nyaya Panchayat”, the words “local authority, other than a Gram Panchayat or Nyaya Panchayat or a Board, Body or Corporation owned or Controlled by a state Government or the Central Government”] 5 (d) has been dismissed from the service of a State Government, the Central Government or a local authority or a Nyaya Panchayat for misconduct; (e) is in arrears of any tax, fee, rate or any other dues payable by him to the Gram Panchayat, Kshettra Panchayat or Zila Panchayat for such period as may be prescribed, or has, in spite of being required to do so by the Gram Panchayat, Nyaya Panchayat, Kshettra Panchayat or Zila Panchayat failed to deliver to it any record or property belonging to it which had come into his possession by virtue of his holding any office under it; (f) is an undischarged insolvent; (g) has been convicted of an offence involving moral turpitude; (h) has been sentenced to imprisonment for a term exceeding three months or to transportation for contravention of any order made under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955; 1. Substituted by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 4 ibid. 3. Deleted by section 5 ibid 4. Chapter II-A added by section 6 ibid. 5. Subs. by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 21 of 1998. 79 [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 5B-6A] (i) has been sentenced to imprisonment for a term exceeding six months or to transportation for contravention of any order made under the Essential Supplies (Temporary Powers) Act, 1946, or the U.P. Control of Supplies (Temporary powers) Act, 1947; (j) has been sentenced to imprisonment for a term exceeding three months under the U.P. Excise Act, 1910; (k) has been convicted of an offence under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotrapic Substances Act, 1985; (l) has been convicted of an election offence; (m) has been convicted of an election offence under the U. P, Removal of Social Disabilities Act, 1947 or the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955; or (n) has been removed from office under sub-clause (iii) or (iv) of clause (g) of sub-section (1) of section 95 unless such period, as has been provided in that behalf in the said section or such lesser period as the State Government may have ordered in a particular case has elapsed : Provided that the period of disqualification under clauses (d), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l) or (m) shall be five years from such date as may be prescribed: Provided further that the disqualification under clause (e) shall cease upon payment of arrears or delivery of the record or property, as the case may be: Provided also that a disqualification under any of the clauses referred to in the first proviso may, in the manner prescribed be removed by the State Government.] 5 5- B [***] 6 Cessation of membership 6- (1) A [member of Gram Panchayat] 7 shall cease to be such member if the entry relating to that member is deleted from the electoral [roll for a territorial constitutency of Gram Panchayat] 8 .] 4 [(2) Where any person ceases to be a member of a [Gram Panchayat] 9 under sub-section (1) he shall also cease to hold any office to which he may have been elected, nominated or appointed by reasons of his being a member thereof.] 1 [Decision on question as to disqualification 6- A If any question arises as to whether [a person has become subject to any disqualification mentioned in [sections 5-A] 3 or in sub­section (1) of section 6, the question shall be referred to the prescribed authority for the decision and his decision shall, subject to the result of any appeal as may be prescribed, be final.] 2 1. Substituted by section 7 of U. P. Act no. II of 1955. 2. Subs. by section 8 ibid. 3. Added by section 3 (2) of U. P. Act no. 19 of 1957. 4. Subs. by section 3 of U.P. Act No. 38 of 1968. 5. Subs. by section 7 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994. 6. Omitted by section 8 ibid. 7. Subs. by section 9 (a) (i) ibid. 8. Subs. by section 9 (a) (ii) ibid. 9. Subs. by section 9 (b) ibid. 80 [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 7-8] 7- [* * * ] 1 [7- A (a) Where a [Gram Panchayat] 4 existing on July 3, 1989, the number of woman members, whether elected or co-opted, is less than thirty per cent of the total number of members prescribed for the [Gram Panchayat] 4 the members of the [Gram Sabha] 4 shall, in a supplementary elections, to be held as soon as may be after such date elect from amongst its women members, such number of woman members as falls short of thirty per cent of the total number of members prescribed for the [Gram Panchayat] 4 and thereupon the constitution of the [Gram Panchayat] 4 shall stand altered to that extent : Provided that in such supplementary election seats shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes women in such number as shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of seats to be filled in supplementary election as the population of the Scheduled Castes in the area of the [Gram Sabha] 4 bears to the total population of such area : Provided further that where in any [Gram Panchayat] 4 there is no Scheduled Caste woman member, whether elected or co-opted, the reservation under the preceeding proviso shall be made so however that atleast one seat is reserved for a Scheduled Caste woman; (b) For the purpose of calculating the number of women members at thirty percent of the total number of members prescribed for the [Gram Panchayat] 4 , any fraction being one-half or less shall be ignored and any fraction exceeding one-half shall be counted as one; (c) The electoral roll for the Assembly constituency prepared under the Representation of the Peoples Act, 1950 as in force on the last date for making nominations for the supplementary elections, so far as it relates to the area of a [Gram Sabha] 4 shall be deemed to be the electoral roll for that [Gram Sabha] 4 and the provisions of sections 9-A, 12-A, 12-BB, 12-BC, 12-BD, 12-C and 12-I shall mutatis mutandis apply to such supplementary election as they apply to general election of the members of [Gram Panchayat] 4 ; (d) If in holding a supplementary election under this sub-section any difficulty arises regarding the interpretation of any provision of this Act or any rule made thereunder or any matter not provided in this Act or rules made thereunder, the State Government may for removal of the difficulty pass such order not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, as it thinks fit.] 3 Effect of change in population or inclusion of the area of a [Gram Sabha] 3 in municipalities etc. 8- If the whole of the area, of a Gaon Sabba is included in a [city, municipality] 2 , cantonment, notified area or town area, the [Gram Sabha] 4 shall cease and its assets and liabilities shall be disposed of in the manner prescribed. If a part of such area is so included, its jurisdiction shall be reduced by that part. 1. Deleted by section 9 of U. P. Act no. 2 of 1955. 2. Subs. by section 5 of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 3. Chapter-III added by section 3 of U.P. Act No. 27 of 1989. 4. Subs. by section 10 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994. 81 [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 9] 1 [Electoral roll for each territorial constituency 9- (1) For each territorial constituency of a Gram Panchayat, an electoral roll shall be prepared, in accordance with the provisions of this Act, [and the rules made thereunder] 2 under the superintendence, direction and control of the State Election Commissions. [(1-A) Subject to the superintendence, direction and control of the State Election Commission, the Mukhya Nirvachan Adhikari (Panchayat) shall supervise and perform all functions relating to the preparation, revision and correction of the electoral rolls in the State in accordance with this Act and the rules made thereunder. (1-B) The preparation, revision and correction of the electoral rolls shall be done by such persons and in such manner, as may be prescribed.] 3 (2) The electrol roll referred to in sub-section (1) shall be published in the prescribed manner and upon its publication it shall, subject to any alteration, addition or modification made [in accordance with this Act and the Rules made thereunder] 7 be the electoral roll for that territorial constituency prepared in accordance with the provisions of this Act. (3) Subject to the provisions of sub-sections (4), (5), (6), and (7) every person who has attained the age of 18 years on the first day of January of the year in which the electoral roll is prepared or revised, and who is ordinarily resident in the territorial constituency of a Gram Panchayat shall be entitled to be registered in the electoral roll for the territorial constituency. Explanation:-- (i) A person shall not be deemed to be ordinarily resident in the territorial constituency on the ground only that he owns or is in possession of, a dwelling house therein. (ii) A person absenting himself temporarily from his place of ordinary residence shall not by reason thereof cease to be ordinarily resident therein. (iii) A member of Parliament or of the Legislature of the State shall not during the term of his office cease to be ordinarily resident in the territorial constitutency merely by reason of his absence from that area in connection with his duties, as such member. (iv) Any other factors that may be prescribed shall be taken into consideration for deciding as to what persons may or may not be deemed to be ordinarily residents of a particular area at any relevant time. (v) If in any case a question arises as to where a person is ordinarily resident at any relevant time, the question shall be determined with reference to all the facts of the case. 1- Substituted and section 9-A added by section 11 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 4 (a) of U.P. Act No. 21 of 1995. 3- Added by section 4 (b) ibid. 4- Subs. by section 4 (c) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 9] 82 (4) A person shall be disqualified for registration in an electoral roll, if he- (i) is not a, citizen of India; or (ii) is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court; or (iii) is for the time being disqualified from voting under the provisions of any law relating to corrupt practices and other offences in connection with elections. (5) The name of any person who becomes disqualified under sub- section (4) after registration shall forthwith be struck off the electoral roll in which it is included : Provided that the name of any person struck off the electoral roll by reason of any such disqualification shall forthwith be reinstated in that roll, if such disqualification is, during the period such roll is in force, removed under any law authorizing such removal. (6) No person shall be entitled to be registered in the electoral roll for more than one Gaon Sabha or more than once in the electoral roll for the same Gaon Sabha. (7) No person shall be entitled to be registered in the electoral roll for any territorial constituency , if his name is entered in any electoral roll pertaining to any city, municipality or cantonment unless he shows that his name has been struck off such electoral roll. (8) Where the State Election Commission is satisfied after making such inquiry as it may deem fit, whether on an application made to it or on its own motion, that any entry in the electoral roll should be corrected or deleted or that the name of any person entitled to be registered should be added in the electoral roll, it shall subject to the provisions of this Act and rules and orders made thereunder correct , delete or add the entry as the case may be: Provided that no such correction, deletion or addition shall be made after the last date for making nominations for an election in the Gram Panchayat and before the completion of that election: Provided further that no deletion or correction of any entry in respect of any person affecting his interest adversely shall be made without giving him reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of the action proposed to be taken in relation to him. (9) The State Election Commission may, if it thinks it necessary so to do for the purposes of a general or by-election, direct a special revision of the electoral roll for any territorial constitutency of a Gram Panchayat in such manner as it may think fit: Provided that subject to the other provisions of this Act, the electoral roll for the territorial constitutency, as in force at the time of issue of any such direction, shall continue to be in force until the completion of the special revision so directed. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 9] 83 (10) [In so far as provision is not made by this Act or the rules, the State Election Commission] 1 may, by order, make provisions in respect of the following matters concerning the electoral roll, namely: -- (a) the date on which the electoral roll prepared under this Act shall come into force and its period of operation ; (b) the correction of any existing entry in the electoral roll on the application of the elector concerned; (c) the correction of clerical or printing errors in electoral rolls; (d) the inclusion in the electoral roll of the name of any person -- (i) whose name is included in the Assembly electoral roll for the area relatable to the territorial constituency but is not included in the electoral roll for that territorial constituency or whose name has been wrongly included in the electoral roll for some other territorial constituency; or (ii) whose name is not so included in the Assembly electoral roll but who is otherwise qualified to be registered in the electoral roll for the territorial constituency; (e) the custody and preservation of the electoral rolls ; (f) fees payable on applications for inclusion or exclusion of names; (g) generally all matters relating to the preparation and publication of the electoral rolls. (11) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing sub-sections, the State Election Commission may, for the purposes of preparation of the electoral roll for a territorial constituency adopt the electoral roll for the Assembly constituency prepared under the Representation of the People Act, 1950 for the time being in force so far as it relates to the area of that territorial constituency: Provided that the electoral roll for such territorial constituency shall not include any amendment, alteration or correction made after the last date for making nomination of such election. (12) No civil court shall have jurisdiction -- (a) to entertain or adjudicate upon the question whether any person is or is not entitled to be registered in an electoral roll for a territorial constituency; or (b) to question the legality of any action taken by or under the authority of the State Election Commission [or of any decision given by any authority or officer appointed in this behalf] 2 in respect of preparation and publication of electoral rolls. 1. Subs. by section 4 (d) of U.P. Act No. 21 of 1995. 2. Added by section 4 (e) ibid [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 9A-11] 84 Right to vote etc. 9-A Except as otherwise provided by or under this Act, every person whose name is for the time being included in the electoral roll for a territorial constitutency [of a gram panchayat] 6 shall be entitled to vote at any election and be eligible for election, nomination or appointment to any office in [that Gram Panchayat or the concerned Nyaya Panchayat] 7 : Provided that a person who has not completed the age of twenty-one years shall not be qualified to be elected as a member or office bearer of the Gram Panchayat.] 3 Removal of difficulty in the establish- ment of [Gram Sabha]2 and in the working of a [Gram Panchayat] 2 10 - If, in establishing a [Gram Sabha] 2 or in the working of a [Gram Panchayat] 2 any dispute or difficulty arises regarding the interpretation of any provision of this Act or any rule made thereunder or any matter arising out of or relating to such interpretation or any matter not provided in this Act, the same shall be referred to the State Government whose decision thereon shall be final and conclusive. CHAPTER III THE [GRAM SABHA] 2 : ITS MEETINGS AND FUNCTIONS [Meetings and functions of Gram Sabha] 4 11 - [(1) Every [Gram Sabha] 2 shall hold two general meetings in each year, one soon after harvesting of the kharif crop (hereinafter called the kharif meeting) and the other soon after harvesting of the rabi crop (hereinafter called the rabi meeting) [which shall be presided over by the Pradhan of the concerned Gram Panchayat] 5 : Provided that the Pradhan at any time may, or upon a requisition in writing by the prescribed authority or by not less than one­fifth of the number of the members shall, within thirty days from the receipt of such requisition, can an extraordinary general meeting. The time and place of all the meetings of the [Gram Sabha] 2 shall be published in the prescribed manner : Provided further that where the Pradhan fails to call a meeting as aforesaid the prescribed authority may do so within a period to be prescribed. (2) For any meeting of the [Gram Sabha] 2 one-fifth of the number of members shall form the quorum; provided that no quorum shall be necessary for a meeting adjourned for want of quorum.] 1 [(3) The Gram Sabha shall consider the following matters and may make recommendations and suggestions to the Gram Panchayat – (a) the annual statement of accounts of the Gram Panchayat, the report of administration of the preceding financial year and the last audit note and replies, if any, made thereto; (b) the respect in respect of development programmes of te Gram Panchayat relating to the preceding year and the development progrmammes proposed to be undertaken during the current financial year; 1. Substituted by section 11 of U. P. Act no. II of 1955. 2. Subs. by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 3. Section 9-A added by section 11 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 12 (a) ibid 5. Subs. by section 12 (b) ibid. 6. Subs. by section 5 (a) of U.P. Act No. 21 of 1995. 7. Subs. by section 5 (b) ibid [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 11A] 85 (c) the promotion of unity and harmony among all sections of society in the village; (d) programmes of adult education within the village; (e) such other matters as may be prescribed. (4) The Gram Panchayat shall give due consideration to the recommendations and suggestions of the Gram Sabha. (5) The Gram Sabha shall perform the following functions; namely :- (a) Mobilising voluntary labour and contributions for the community welfare programmes; (b) Identification of beneficiaries for the implementation of development schemes pertaining to the village; (c) Rendering assistance in the implementation of development schemes pertaining to the village.] 1 [CHAPTER III-A Gram Panchayats] 2 [Pradhan and Up-Pradhan of Gram Panchayat 11-A (1) There shall be a Pradhan and an Up-Pradhan of the Gram Panchayats, who shall respectively be the Chairperson and Vice-Chaiperson thereof. (2) The State Government shall, by order, reerve offices of Pradhans for the Scheduled Castes, the Schedulted Tribes and the Backward Classes : Provided that the number of offices of Pradhans reserved for the Scheduled Castes, the Schedulted Tribes in the State or of the Backward Classes as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of such offices as the population of the Scheduled Castes in the State of the Schedulted Tribes and the Backward Classes in the State bears to the total population of the State: Provided further that the reservation for the Backward classes shall not exceed twenty seven percent of the total number or offices of Pradhans. [Provided also that if the figures of population of the Backward Classes are not available, their population may be determined by carrying out a survey in the prescribed manner.] 4 (3) [Not less than one half] 6 of the total number of offices of Pradhans reserved under sub-section (2) shall be reserved for women belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the Backward Classes. (4) [Not less than one half] 6 of the total number of offices of Pradhans, including the number of offices of Prashand reserved under sub-section (3), shall be reserved for women. (5) The offices of the Pradhans reserved under this section shall be allotted by rotation to different Gram Panchayats in such order as may be prescribed. (6) The reservation of the offices of Pradhans for the Schedule Castes and the Scheduled Tribes under this section shall cease to have effect on the expiration of the period specified in Article 334 of the Constitution. Explanation – It is clarified that nothing in this section shall prevent persons belonging to the Scheduled Casts, the Scheduled Tribes, the Backward Classes and the women from contesting election to unreserved seats.] 3 1. Subs. by section 12 (c) of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 2. Added by section 13 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 14 ibid 4. Subs. by section 6 of U.P. Act No. 21 of 1995. 5. Subs. by section 2 of Uttarakhand Act No. 30 of 2005. 6. Subs. by section 2 of Uttarakhand Act No. 07 of 2008. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 11B-11C] 86 [Election of Pradhan 11-B (1) The Pradhan of the Gram Panchayat shall be elected by the persons registered in the electoral rolls for the territorial constituencies of the Panchayat area from amongst themselves. (2) If at any general election to a Gram Panchayat, the Pradhan is not elected and less than two-thirds of the total member of Gram Panchayat are elected, the State Government or an officer authorized by it in this behalf may, by order, either appoint – (i) an Administrative Committee consisting of such member of person qualified to be elected as members of the Gram Panchayat, as it may consider proper; or (ii) an Administrator. (3) The member of the Administrative Committee or the Administrator shall hold office for such period not exceeding six months as the State Government may specify in the order referred to in sub-section (2). (4) On the appointment of an Administrative Committee or an Administrator under sub-section (2), the person, if any, chosen as Pradhan or member of the Gram Panchayat before such appointment shall cease to be such Pradhan or member, as the case may be and all powers, functions and duties of the Gram Panchayat, its Pradhan and Committees shall vest in and be exercised, performed and discharged by such Administrative Committee or the Administrator, as the case may be. (5) The Administrative Committee or the Administrator shall be deemed to be duly constituted Gram Panchayat for the purposes of this Act : Provided that if at any time after the appointment of the Administrative Committee or the Administrator under sub-section (2), the State Government is satisfied that there is no difficulty in duly constituting the Gram Panchayat, the State Government may, notwithstanding that the period for which the Administrative Committee or the Administrator had been appointed has not expired, direct the State Election Commission for holding the elections for constituting the Gram Panchayat. (6) Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the term of office of Pradhan shall be coterminus with the term of the “Gram Panchayat.” ] 2 Election of Up- Pradhan and his term 11-C (1) The Up-Pradhan shall be elected by the members of the [Gram Panchayat] 1 from amongst themselves in such manner as may be prescribed : Provided that if a [Gram Panchayat] 1 fails to so elect an Up-Pradhan within the time fixed by or under the rules in that behalf the prescribed authority may nominate as Up-Pradhan any member of the [Gram Panchayat] and the person so nominated shall be deemed to have been duly elected. (2) The term of office of the Up-Pradhan whether elected or nominated before or after the commencement of the, Uttar Pradesh Rural Local Self-Government Laws (Amendment) Act, 1972, shall commence from the date of his election or nomination, as the case, may be, and unless otherwise determined under the provisions of this Act, shall expire With the term of the [Gram Panchayat] 1 . (3) [***] 3 1. Substituted by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 2. Subs by section 15 ibid. 3. Omitted by section 2 of Uttarakhand Act No. 13 of 2006. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 11D-11F] 87 [Prohibition of holding certain offices simultaneously 11-D No person shall simultaneously- (a) be the Pradhan of the Gram Panchayat and a Panch of the Nyaya Panchayat ; or (b) be a member of a Gram Panchayat for more than one territorial constituency; or (c) be a member of a Gram Panchayat and a Panch of a Nyaya Panchayat; or (d) hold any office in more than one Gram Panchayat or Nyaya Panchayat ; and the rules may provide for the vacation of all but one office by any person chosen to fill offices which he cannot hold simultaneously. Further bar on holding two offices simultaneously 11-E (1) A person shall be disqualified for being elected to or holding the office of Pradhan or member of Gram Panchayat or a Panchayat of a Nyaya Panchayat, if he is­- (a) a member of Parliament or of the State Legislature; or [(b) member, Pramukh or Up-Pramukh of a Kshettra Panchayat; or (c) member, Adhyaksha or Upadhyaksha of a Zila Panchayat; or] 1 (d) Adhyaksha or Upadhyaksha of any co-operative society. (2) A person shall cease to hold the office of Pradhan or member of the Gram Panchayst or Panch of a Nyaya Panchayat, as the case may be, if subsequently he is elected to any of the offices mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) of sub-section (1), with effect from the date of such subsequent election and a casual vacancy shall thereupon occur in the office of such Pradhan or member or Panch, as the case may be. [(3) Notwithstanding anything in this Act, if in the first elections held after the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994 to constitute Panchayats at the village, khand and district levels, a person is chosen member of panchayats at two or more levels, he shall submit his resignation from all but one of these seats within sixty days of the date of the declaration of the result of elections, or if the declaration of the results of elections in respect of the Panchayats at the said two or more levels has been made on different dates, whthin sixty days of the last of such dates and in te event of failure to so resign seates in all the Panchayats except the deat in the highest level amongst the Panchayats to which he had been elected shall be deemed vacant.] 2 Declaration of Panchayat area [11-F (1) For the purposes of this Act the State Government may by notification declare any area comprising a village or group of villages, having, so far as practicable, a population of 300 in hill area and 1000 in plane area to be a panchayat area for the purpose of this Act by such name as may be specified: Provided that the population shall not exceed 1000 in hill area and 5000 in plane area of the State as far as practicable: 1. Substituted by section 3 (a) of U.P. Act No. 29 of 1995. 2. Added by section 3 (b) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 12] 88 Further provided that for the purpose of declaration of a Panchayat area no revenue village or any hamlet thereof shall be divided. Also Provided that if it is not practically possible to follow the above provisions then the State Government may relaxed the aforesaid restrictions by order in the specific and unavoidable circumstances. (2) The State Government may, on the request of the Gram Panchayat concerned or otherwise, and after previous publication of the proposal, by notification at anytime: (a) modify the area of any Panchayat area by including therein or excluding there form any area of a village or group of villages; (b) alter the name of the Panchayat area; or (c) declare that any area shall cease to be a Panchayat area; or] 5 Gram Panchayat [12- (1) (a) There shall be [constituted] 6 for every Gram Panchayat area, a Gram Panchayat bearing the name of the Panchayat area; (b) Every Gram Panchayat shall be a body corporate; [(c) A Gram Panchayat shall consist of a Pradhan and in the case of a Panchayat area having a population of – (1) Upto 500 ; 5 members (2) 501 to 1000 ; 7 members (3) 1001 to 2000 ; 9 members (4) 2001 to 3000 ; 11 members (5) 3001 to 5000 ; 13 members (6) 5001 and above ; 15 members] 6 (d) for the purpose of election of members of Gram Panchayat every Panchayat area shall be divided into territorial constituencies in such manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency and the member of seats allotted to it shall, so far as practicable, be the same throughout the Panchayat area; (e) each territorial constituency of a Gram Panchayat shall be represented by one member in the Gram Panchayat; [(f) the territorial constituency of a Gram Panchayat may be delimitated in the prescribed manner and if necessary, rules in this regard may be made with retrospective effect from a date not earlier than the date of commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994.] 2 (2) [***] 3 1. Subs. by section 8 (a) of U.P. Act No. 21 of 1995. 2. Subs. by section 8(a) (ii) ibid. 3. Delete. by section 8 (b) ibid 4. Subs. by section 4 of U.P. Act No. 29 of 1995. 5. Substituted. by section 3 of Uttarakhand Act No. 8 of 2002. 6. Subs. by section 4 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 12] (3) (a) A Gram Panchayat shall, unless sooner dissolved under clause (f) of sub- 89 section (1) of section 95, continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer; (b) An election to constitute a Gram Panchayat shall be completed – (i) before the expiry of its duration specified in clause (a); (ii) before the expiration of a period of six months from the date of its dissolution : Provided that where the remainder of the period for which the dissolved Gram Panchayat would have continued is less than six months, it shall not be necessary to hold any election under this sub-section for constituting the Gram Panchayat; (c) A Gram Panchayat constituted upon the dissolution of a Gram Panchayat before the expiration of its duration shall continue only for the remainder of the period for which the dissolved Gram Panchayat would have continued under clause (a) had it not been so dissolved; (d) The constitution of a Gram Panchayat shall be notified in such manner as may be prescribed and thereupon the Gram Panchayat shall be deemed to have been duly constituted, any vacancy therein notwithstanding : Provided that the constitution of a Gram Panchayat shall be notified till the Pradhan and at least two-thirds of the members of the Gram Panchayat have been elected. [(3-A) notwithstanding anything contained in any other provisions of this Act, where, due to unavoidable circumstances or in public interest, it is not practicable to hold an election to constitute a Gram Panchayat before the expiry of its duration, the State Government or an officer authorized by it in this behalf may, by order, appoint an administrative Committee consisting of such number of persons qualified to be elected as members of the Gram Panchayat, as it may consider proper or an Administrator and the members of the Administrative Committee or the Administrator shall hold office for such period not exceeding six months as may be specified in the said order and all powers, functions and duties of the Gram Panchayat, its Pradhan and Committees shall vest in and be exercised, performed and discharged by such Administrative Commmittee or the Administrator, as the case may be.] 1 (4) The term of a member of Gram Panchayat shall, unless otherwise determined under the provisions of this Act, expire with the term of the Gram Panchayat. (5) (a) In every Gram Panchayat, seats shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the Backward Classes and the number of seats so reserved shall, as nearly as may be the same proportion to the total number of seats in the Gram Panchayat, as the population of the Scheduled Castes in the Panchayat area or of the Scheduled Tribes in the Panchayat area or of the Backward classes in the Panchayat area bears to the total population of such area and such seats may be allotted by otation to different territorial constitutencies in a Gram Panchayat in such order as may be prescribed : Provided that the reservation for the Backward classes shall not exceed [fourteen] 2 percent of the total number of seats in the Gram Panchayat : 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 15 of 2002. 2. Subs. by section 2 of Uttarakhand Act No. 30 of 2005. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 12A-12BB] [Provided further that if the figures of population of the Backward Classes are not available, their population may be determined by carrying out a survey in the prescribed manner.] 7 90 (b) [Not less than one half] 9 of the seats reserved under clauses (a) shall be reserved for the women belonging respectively to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the Backward Classes; (c) [Not less than one half] 9 of the total number of seats in a Gram Panchayat, including the number of seats reserved for women and such seats may be allotted by rotation to different territorial constituencies in a Gram Panchayat in such order as may be prescribed ; (d) The reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall cease to have effect on the expiration of the period specified in Article 334 of the Constitution. Explanation – It is clarified that nothing in this section shall prevent the persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the Backward Classes and the women from contesting election to unreserved seats. (6) The Pradhan shall be deemed a member of the Gram Panchayat.] 3 [Manner of election 12-A The election to the office of a Pradhan or Up-Pradhan [***] 4 or a member of [Gram Panchayat] 2 shall be held by secret ballot in the manner prescribed.] 1 [Allowances to Pradhan, Up- Pradhan and Members 12-AA (1) The Pradhan and Up-Pradhan of a Gram Panchayat shall receive such allowances and honoraria as may be prescribed. (2) The member of a Gram Panchayat, other than Pradhan and Up-Pradhan shall receive such allowances as may be prescribed.] 5 [Meetings of Gram Panchayat 12-B (1) A Gram Panchayat shall ordinarily meet for the transaction of business at least once every month but two months shall not intervene between two consecutive meetings. (2) The meetings of the Gram Panchayat shall be held at such place and in such manner as may be prescribed.] 10 [Superinten- dence of the elections 12-BB [(1)] 8 The Superintendence, direction and control of the conduct of the elections to the office of Pradhans, Up-Pradhans or a Member of a Gram Panchayat shall be vested in the State Election Commission.] 6 [(2) Subject to the superintendence, direction and control of the State Election Commission, the Mukhya Nirvachan Adhikari (Panchayat) shall supervise and perform all functions relating to the conduct of the election to the office of Pradhan, Up-Pradhan or a Member of a Gram Panchayat in the State.] 8 1. Sub. by section 6 of U. P. Act no. 38 of 1968. 2. Subs. by section 2of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 17 ibid. 4. Omitted by section 18 ibid 5. Added by section 19 ibid 6. Subs by section 21 ibid. 7. Subs. by section 8(c) of U.P. Act No. 21 of 1995. 8. Added and renumbered by section 9 ibid. 9. Subs. by section 3 of Uttarakhand Act No. 7 of 2008. 10. Subs. by section 2 of Uttarakhand Act No. 14 of 2008. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 12BC-BCA] [(3) The State Government shall, in constultation with the State Election Commission, by notification, appoint the date or dates for general election or bye-election of the Pradhan, Up-Pradhan or members of a Gram Panchayat.] 4 91 Other provi- sions relating to holding of elections [12-BC (1) Subject to the supervision and control of Nirvachan Nideshak (Panchayat), the District Magistrate shall supervise the conduct of all elections of members of Gram Panchayats and Pradhans and Up-Pradhans of Gram Sabhas in the district.] 1 (2) Every local authority and-the management of every educational institution receiving grant-in-aid from the State Government in the district shall, when so required by the District Magistrate make available to him or to any other officer appointed by the District Magistrate as Nirvachan Adhikari such staff as may be necessary for the performance of any duties in connection with such election. (3) The [State Election Commission] 2 may likewise, require all or any of the local authorities and the managements of any or any of such institutions as aforesaid in the State to make avaihib1e to any officer referred to in sub-section (2) such staff as may be necessary for the performance of any duties in connection with such election, and they shall comply with every such requisition. (4) Where any employee of any local authority or institution referred to in sub-section (2) or sub-section (3) is appointed to perform any duty in connection with such elections he shall be bound to perform such duty. 3 [Requisitioning of premises vehicles etc. for election purpose 12-BCA (1) If it appears to the District Magistrate that in connection with an election under this Act to be hold within the district – (a) any premises are needed or are likely to be needed for the purpose of being used as a polling place or for the storage of ballot boxes after a poll has been taken, or (b) any vehicle, vessel or animal is needed of is likely to be needed for the purpose of transport of ballot boxes to or from any place or transport of members of the police force for maintaining order during the conduct of such election, or transport of any officer or other person for performance of any duties in connection with such lection, he may, by order in writing, requisition such premises, or such vehicle, vessel or animal, as the case may be and may make such further orders as may appear to it to be necessary or expedient in connection with the requisitioning : Provided that no vehicle, vessel or animal which is being lawfully used by a candidate or his agent for any purpose connected with the election of such candidate shall be requisitioned under this sub-section until the completion of the poll at such election. 1. Subs by section 21(a) of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 22 (b) ibid. 3. Added by section 5 of U. P. Act no. 29 of 1995. 4. Added by section 3 of U. P. Act no 22 of 2000. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 12BCB] (2) The requisition shall be affected by an order in writing addressed to the person deemed by the District Magistrate to be the owner or person in possession of the property and such order shall be served in the prescribed manner on the person to whom it is addressed. 92 (3) Whenever any property is requisitioned under sub-section (1), the period of such requisition shall not extend beyond the period for which such property is required for any of the purposes mentioned in that sub-section. (4) In this section – (a) ‘premises’ means any land, building or part of a building and includes a hut, shed or other structure or any part thereof; (b) ‘vehicle’ means any vehicle used or capable of being used for the purpose of road transport, whether propelled by mechanical power or otherwise. Payment of compensation 12-BCB (1) Whenever in pursuance of section 12-BCA the District Magistrate requisitions any premises, there shall be paid to the persons interested compensation the amount of which shall be determined by taking into consideration the following; namely— (i) the rent payable in respect of the premises or if no rent is so payable, the rent payable for similar premises in the locality; (ii) if in consequence of the requisition of the premises the person interested is compelled to change his residence or place of business, the reasonable expenses (if any) incidental to such change : Provided that where any person interested being aggrieved by the amount of compensation so determined makes and application within the prescribed time to the District Magistrate for referring the matter to an arbitrator, the amount of compensation to be paid shall be such as the arbitrator appointed in this behalf by the District Magistrate may determine: Provided further that where there is any dispute as to the title to received the compensation or as to the apportionment of the amount of compensation, it shall be referred by the District Magistrate to an arbitrator appointed in this behalf by him for determination and shall be determined in accordance with the decision of such arbitrator. Explanation— In this sub-section, the expression “person interested” means the person who was in actual possession of the premises requisitioned under section 12-BCA immediately before the requisition, or where no person was in such actual possession, the owner of such premises. (2) Whenever in pursuance of section 12-BCA, the District Magistrate requisitions any vehicle, vessel or animal, there shall be paid to the owner thereof compensation the amount of which shall be determined by the District Magistrate on the basis of the fares or rates prevailing in the locality for the hire of such vehicle, vessel or animal : Provided that where the owner of such vehicle, vessel or animal being aggrieved by the amount of compensation so determined makes an application within the prescribed time to the District Magistrate for referring the matter to an arbitrator, the amount of compensation to be paid shall be such as the arbitrate or appointed in this behalf by the District Magistrate may determine : [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 12BCC-BCF] Provided further that where immediately before the requisitioning, the vehicles or vessel was by virtue of the hire-purchase agreement in the possession of a person other than the owner, the amount determined under this sub-section as the total compensation payable in respect of the requisition shall be apportioned between that person and the owner in such manner as they may agree upon and in default of agreement, in such manner as an arbitrator 93 appointed by the District Magistrate in this behalf may decide. Power to obtain information 12-BCC The District Magistrate may with a view to requisitioning any property under section 12-BCA or determining the compensation payable under section 12-BCB by order, require any person to furnish to such authority as may be specified in the order such information in his possession relating to such property as may be so specified. Powers of entry into and inspection of premises etc. 12-BCD (1) Any person authorized in this behalf by the District Magistrate may enter into any premises and inspect such premises and any vehicle, vessel or animal therein for the purpose of determining whether and if so in what manner, an order under section 12-BCA should be made in relation to such premises vehicle, vessel or animal or with a view to securing compliance with any order made under that section. (2) In this section the expressions “premises” and “vehicle” have the same meaning as in section 12-BCA. Eviction from requisitioned premises 12-BCE (1) Any person remaining in possession of any requisitioned premises in contravention of any order made under section 12-BCA may be summarily evicted from the premises by any officer empowered by the District Magistrate in this behalf. (2) Any officer so empowered may, after giving to any woman not appearing in public reasonable warning and facility to withdraw, remove or open any lick or bolt or break open any door of any building or do any other act necessary for effecting such eviction. Release of premises from requisition 12-BCF (1) When any premises requisitioned under section 12-BCA are to be released from requisition, the possession thereof shall be delivered to the person from whom possession was taken at the time when the premises were requisitioned, or if there were no such person to the person deemed by the District Magistrate from all liabilities in respect of such delivery, but shall not prejudice any rights in respect of the premises which any other person may be entitled by due process of law to enforce against the person to whom possession of the premises is so delivered. (2) Where the person to whom possession of any premises requisitioned under section 12-BCA is to be given under sub-section (1) cannot be found or is not readily ascertainable or has no agent or any other person empowered to accept delivery on his behalf, the District Magistrate shall cause a notice declaring that such premises are released from requisition to be affixed on some conspicuous part of such premises and publish the notice in the Official Gazette. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 12BD-12C] (3) When a notice referred to in sub-section (2) is published in the Official Gazette, the premises specified in such notice shall cease to be subject to requisition on and from the date of such publication and be deemed to have been delivered to the person entitled to possession thereof and the District Magistrate shall not be liable for any compensation or other claim in respect of such premises for any period after the said date.] 7 94 [Breaches of official duty in connection with elections 12-BD (1) If any person to whom this section applies is without reasonable cause guilty of any act or omission in breach of his official duty, he shall be punishable with fine which may extend five hundred rupees. (2) An offence punishable under sub-section (1) shall be cognizable. (3) No suit or other legal proceedings shall lie against any such person for damages in respect of any such act or omission as afore said. (4) The persons to whom this section applies are the Nirvachan Adhikaris, Sahayak Nirvachan Adhikaris, Matdan Adhyakshas, Matdan Adhikaris and any other person appointed to perform any duty in connection with the receipt of nominations or withdrawal of candidature, or the recording or counting of votes at an election, and the expression official duty shall for the purpose of this section be constructed accordingly, but shall not include duties imposed otherwise than by or under this Act.] 4 1 [Application for questioning the elections 12-C (1) The election of a person, Pradhan [***] 6 or as members of a [Gram Panchayat] 5 including the election of [a person appointed] 3 as a Panch of a [Nyaya Panchayat] 2 under section 43 shall not be called in question except by an application presented to such authority within such time and in such manner as may be prescribed on the ground that- (a) the election has not been a free election by reason that the corrupt practice of bribery or undue influence has extensively prevailed at the election, or (b) that the result of the election has been materially affected­ (i) by the improper acceptance or rejection of any nomination; or (ii) by gross failure to comply with the provisions of this Act or the rules framed thereunder. (2) The following shall be deemed to be corrupt practices of bribery or undue influence for the purposes of this Act : 1. Added by section 14 of U. P. Act II of 1955. 2. For the term 'Panchayati Adalat' wherever it occurs in the Act, Subs. by the term 'Nyaya Panchuyat. by section 4(a) ibid. 3. Subs. by sect., 9 of U. P. Act No, 15 of 1960. 4. Insertion by section 3 U. P. Act No. 31 of 1972. 5. Subs by section 2 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994. 6. Omitted by section 23 ibid. 7. Added by section 5 of U. P. Act no. 29 of 1995. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 12C] (A) (1) Bribery, that is to say, any gift, offer or promise by a candidate or by any other person with the connivance of a candidate of any gratification to any person whomsoever with the object, directly or indirectly, of inducing- (a) a person to stand or not to stand as or to withdraw from being a candidate at an election; or 95 (b) an elector to vote or refrain voting at an election; or as a reward to- (i) a person for having so stood or not stood, or for having withdrawn his candidature; or (ii) an elector for having voted or refrained from voting. (B) Undue influence, that is to say, any direct or indirect interference or attempt to interfere on the part of a candidate or of any other person with the connivance of the candidate with the free exercise of any electoral right : Provided that without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of this clause any such person as is referred to therein who- (i) threatens any candidate, or any elector, or any person in whom a candidate or an elector is interested with injury of any kind including social ostracism and ex-communication or expulsion from any caste or community ; or (ii) induces or attempts to induce a candidate or an elector to believe that he or any person in whom he is interested will become or will, be rendered an object of divine displeasure or spiritual censure shall be deemed to interfere with the free exercise of the electoral right of such candidate or elector within the meaning of this clause, (3) The application under sub-section (1) may be presented by any candidate at the election or any elector and shall contain such particulars as may be prescribed. Explanation– Any person, who filed a nomination paper at the election whether such nomination paper was accepted or rejected, shall be deemed to be a candidate at the election. (4) The authority to whom the application under sub-section (1) is made shall, in the matter of- (i) hearing of the application and the procedure to be followed at such hearing, (ii) setting aside the election or declaring the election to be void or declaring the applicant to be duly elected or any other relief that may be granted to the petitioner have such powers and authority as may be prescribed. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 12BD-12C] (5) Without prejudice to the generality of the power to be prescribed under sub- section (4) the rules may provide for the summary hearing and disposal of an application under sub-section (1). [(6) Any party aggrieved by an order of the prescribed authority upon an application under sub-section (1) may, within thirty days from the date of the order, apply to the District Judge for revision of such order or any one or more on the following grounds; namely : - 96 (a) that the prescribed authority has exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it by law ; (b) that the prescribed authority has failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested ; (c) that the prescribed authority has acted in the exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity. (7) The District Judge may dispose of the application for revision himself or may assign it for disposal to any Additional District Judge, civil Judge or Additional Civil Judge under his administrative control and may recall it from any such officer or transfer it to any other such officer. (8) The revising authority mentioned in sub-section (7) shall follow such procedure as may be prescribed, and may confirm, vary or rescind the order of the prescribed authority or remand the case to the prescribed authority for re-hearing and pending its decision pass such interim orders as may appear to it to be just and convenient. (9) The decision of the prescribed authority, subject to any order passed by the revising authority under this section, and every decision of the revising authority passed under this section, shall be final.] 4 [Disputes perta-inning to the election of Up-Pradhan, Sarpanch or Sahayak Sarpanch 12-D The provisions of section 12-C shall mutatis mulandis apply to the election of person as Up Pradhan of a [Gram Panchayat] 5 or as Sarpanch or Sahayak Sarpanch of a Nyaya Panchayat] 2 [Oath of office 12-E (1) [Every person] 6 shall, be entering upon any office referred to in sections 11- A [12] 3 , 43 or 44, make and subscribe before such authority as may be prescribed on oath or affirmation in the form to be prescribed.] 1 (2) Any member who declines or otherwise refuses to make and subscribe an oath or affirmation as aforesaid shall be deemed to have vacated the office forthwith. 1. Added by section 14 of U. P. Act No. II of 1955. 2. Substituted by section 10 of U. P. Act no. 15 of 1960. 3. Subs. by section 11 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 10 of Act no. 37 of 1978. 5. Subs. by section 24 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994 6. Subs. by section 25 ibid [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 12F-14] [Resignation 12-F A Pradhan Up-Pradhan or a member of a [Gram Panchayat] 3 may, by writing under his hand addressed to such authority as may be prescribed, resign his office and his office shall thereupon become vacant.] 1 12-G [***] 4 [Casual vacancy 12-H If a vacancy in the office of Pradhan, Up-Pradhan or of a member of a Gram Panchayat arises by reason of his death, removal, resignation, voidance of his election or refusal to take oath of office, it shall be filled before the expiration of a 97 period of six months from the date of such vacancy, for the remainder of his term in the manner, as far as may be, provided in sections 11-B, 11-C or 12, as the case may be : Provided that if on the date of occurance of such vacancy the residue of the term of the Gram Panchayat is less than six months, the vacancy shall not be filled.] 6 [Jurisidction of Civil courts in election matters barred 12-I No Civil Court shall have jurisdiction to question the legality of any action taken or any decision given by an officer or authority appointed under this Act, in connection with the conduct of elections thereunder.] 1 [Power of Up- Pradhan 12-J (1) Where the office of Pradhan is vacant by reason of death, removal, and resignation or otherwise or where the Pradhan is incapable to act by reason of absence, illness or otherwise, the Up-Pradhan shall exercise all powers and discharge all duties of the Pradhan. (2) Where the offices of both, Pradhan and Up Pradhan are vacant for any reason whatsoever, or when both, Pradhan and Up-Pradhan are incapable to act for any reason whatsoever, the prescribed authority shall nominate a member of a [Gram Panchayat] to discharge the duties and exercise the powers of the Pradhan until such vacancy in the office of either the Pradhan or the Up Pradhan is filled in, or until such incapacity of either of the two is removed.] 2 12-K [***] 4 13- [***] 4 [Removal of Pradhan and Up-pradhan 14- (1) The [Gram Panchayat] 3 may, at a meeting specially convened for the purpose and of which at least 15 days previous notice shall be given, remove the Pradhan by a majority of two-thirds of the [all the then members.] 6 (2) A meeting for the removal of a Pradhan shall not be convened within [one year’s] 5 of his election. 1. Added by section 14 of U. P. Act 2 of 1955. 2. Subs. by section 11 of Act no. 37 of 1978. 3. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994. 4. Omitted by section 26 ibid. 5. Subs. by section 3(b) of U. P. Act no. 21 of 1998. 6. subs. by section 2 of Chapter –II of U.P. Act No. 33 of 1999. 7. Omitted by section 4 (a) of Uttarakhand Act No. 13 of 2006. 8. Subs. by section 4(b) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 14A-15] (3) If the motion is not taken up for want of quorum or fails for lack of requisite majority at the meeting, no subsequent meeting for the removal of the same Pradhan shall be convened within a [one year’s] 6 of the date of the previous meeting. (4) Subject to the provisions of this section, the procedure for the removal of a Pradhan, including that to be followed at such meeting, shall be such as may be prescribed.] 1 [Punishment for 14-A Outgoing Pradhan obligation to deliver records and money of [Gram Sabha] 4 - 98 failure to handover records, etc. [(1) Any person on ceasing to act as Pradhan, Sarpanch or Sahayak Sarpanch wilfully fails, in spite of being required to do so by the prescribed authority, to handover all records, money or other property of [Gram Sabha] 4 , [Gram Panchayat] 4 or Nyaya Panchayat, as the case may be, to his successor or to any person authorised in this behalf by the prescribed authority, he shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three years or with fine or with both.] 3 (2) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1), any such money may on a certificate issued in that behalf by the prescribed authority be recovered as arrears of land revenue.] 2 [14-B (1) The Gram Panchayat may at a meeting specially convened for the purpose and of which at least fifteen days previous notice shall be given, remove the Up-Pradhan by a majority of two-third of the members of the Gram Panchayat.”] 8 (2) A meeting for the removal of a Up-Pradhan shall not be Convened within two years of his election. (3) If the motion is not taken up for lack of requisite majority at the meeting, no subsequent meeting for the removal of the same Up-Pradhan shall be convened within two years of the date of the previous meeting. (4) Subject to the provisions of the section, the procedure for the removal of a Up-Pradhan, including that to be followed at such meeting, shall be such as may be prescribed.”] 7 Chapter IV POWERS, DUTIES, FUNCTIONS AND ADMINISTRATION OF [GRAM PANCHAYATS] 4 5 [Functions of Gram Panchayat 15- Subject to such conditions as may be specified by the State Government, from time to time a Gram Panchayat shall perform the follwing functions; namely :- 1. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1962. 2. Subs. by section 5 of U. P. Act No. 3 of 1973. 3. Subs. by section 11 of Act No. 37 of 1978. 4. Subs by section 2 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994 5. Subs by section 28 ibid. 6. Subs by section 4 (c) of Uttarakhand Act no. 13 of 2006 7. Subs by section 5 ibid. 8. Subs by section 2 of Uttarakhand Act no. 5 of 2007 [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 15] (i) Agriculture including agricultural extension : (a) Promotion and Development of agriculture and horticulture; (b) Development of wastelands and grazing lands and preventing their unauthorized alienation and use, (ii) Land development, land reform implementation, land consolidation and soil conservation : (a) Assisting the Government and other agencies in land development, land reform and soil conservation; 99 (b) Assisting in land consolidation; (iii) Minor irrigation, water management and watershed development : (a) Managing and assisting in water distribution from minor irrigation projects; (b) Construction, repair and maintenance of minor irrigation projects, regulation of supply of water for irrigation purpose; (iv) Animal husbandry. dairying and poultry : (a) Improving breed of cattle, poultry and other live-stock; (b) Promotion of dairying, poultry, piggery etc. (v) Fisheries : Development of fisheries in the village; (vi) Social and farm forestry : (a) Planting and preserving trees on the sides of roads and public lands; (b) Development and promotion of social and farm forestry and sericulture; (vii) Minor forest produce : Promotion and development of minor forest produce; (viii) Small industries : (a) Assisting the development of small industries; (b) Promotion of local trades; (ix) Cottage and village industries : (a) Assisting in the development of agricultural and commercial industries; (b) Promotion of cottage, industries; (x) Rural housing : (a) Implementation of rural housing programmes; (b) Distributing house sites and maintenance of records relating to them; (xi) Drinking water : Construction, repair and maintenance of public wells, tanks and ponds for supply of water for drinking, washing, bathing purposes and regulation of sources of water supply for drinking purposes. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 15] (xii) Fuel and fodder land : (a) Development of grass and plants relating to fuel and fodder lans; (b) Control on irregular transfer of fodder land. (xiii) Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, water-ways and other means of communication : (a) Consturction and maintenance of village roads, bridges, ferries and culverts; (b) Maintenance of water-ways; 100 (c) Removal of encroachment on public places. (xiv) Rural electrification : Provision for and maintenance of lighting of public street and other places. (xv) Non-conventional energy source : Promotion and development of programmes of non- conventional energy source and its maintenance in village. (xvi) Poverty alleviation programmes : Promotion and implementation of poverty alleviation programmes. (xvii) Education including primary and secondary schools; Public awareness about education. (xviii) Technical training and vocational educaton : Promotion of rural art artisans. (xix) Adult and informal education : Supervision of adult literacy. (xx) Library : Establishment and maintenance of libraries and reading rooms. (xxi) Sports and cultural affairs : (a) Promotion of social and cultural activities; (b) Organising cultural seminars on different festivals; (c) Establishment and maintenance of rural clubs for sports. (xxii) Markets and fairs : Regulation of melas, markets and hats in Panchayat areas. (xxiii) Medical and sanitation : (a) Promoting rural sanitation; (b) Prevention against epidemics; (c) Programmes of human and animal vaccination; (d) Preventive actions against stray cattle and live-stock (e) Registering births, deaths and marriages. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 15A-16] (xxiv) Family welfare : Promotion and implementation of family welfare programmes. (xxv) Plan for economic development: Preparation of plan for economic development of the area of the Gram Panchayat. (xxvi) Materninty and child development : (a) Participation in the implementation of women and child welfare 101 programmes at Gram Panchayat level; (b) Promoting child health and nutrition programmes. (xxvii) Social welfare including welfare of the handicapped and mentally retarded : (a) Assisting in old-age and widow pension schemes; (b) Participation in the social welfare programmes including welfare of the handicapped and the mentally retarded. (xxviii) Welfare of the weaker sections and in particular of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes : (a) Participation in the implementation of the specific programmes for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections of the society; (b) Preparation and implementation of schemes for social justice. (xxix) Public Distribution system : (a) Promotion of public awareness with regard to the distribution of essential commodities; (b) Monitoring the public distribution system. (xxx) Maintenance of community assets : Preservation and maintenance of community assets. Preparation of plan 15-A A Gram Panchayat shall prepare every year a development plan for the Panchayat area and submit it to the Kshettra Panchayat concerned before such date and in such form and manner as may be prescribed. Functions that may be assigned to Gram Panchayat 16- The State Government may, by notification and subject to such conditions as may be specified therein assign to Gram Panchayats any or all of the following functions; namely – (a) management and maintenance of a forest situated in the Panchayat area; (b) management of wastelands, pasture lands or vacant lands belonging to the Government situated within the Panchayat area; (c) Collection of any tax or land revenue and maintenance of related records.] 1 1. Subs by section 2 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994 [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 16A- 18] [Power to make contributions for organisa- tions, etc. out- side jurisdiction 16-A A [Gram Panchayat] 3 may contribute such amounts for such organisations, institutions and functions outside the jurisdiction of the [Gram Panchayat] 4 as the State Government may by general or special order permit.] 1 Power of [Gram Panchayat] 2 as 17- A [Gram Panchayat] 3 shall have control of all public streets, waterways, other than canals as defined in sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Northern India Canal 102 to public streets, water- ways and other matters U.P. act VIII of 1873 and Drainage Act, 1873, situate within its jurisdiction not being a private street or waterways and not being under the control of the State Government or the district Board or any other authority specified by the State Government and may do all things necessary for the maintenance and repair thereof and may- (a) construct new bridges or culverts; (b) divert, discontinue or close any public street; culvert or bridge; (c) widen, open, enlarge or otherwise improve any public street, culvert or bridge with minimum damage to the neighboring fields ; (d) deepen or otherwise improve waterways; [(e) with the sanction of the prescribed authority and where a canal exists under the Northern India Canal and Drainage Act, 1873, with the sanction also of such officer of the Irrigation Department as the State Government may prescribe, undertake small irrigation projects in addition to those specified by order under clause (u) of section 15;] 2 (f) cut any hedge or branch of any tree projecting on a public street; (g) notify the setting a part of any public watercourse for drinking or culinary purposes, and prohibit bathing, washing of clothes and animals or doing of other acts likely to pollute the course so set a part : Provided that nothing shall be done under clause (g) which may affect a canal government by the Northern India Canal and Drainage Act, 1873, without the prior permission of the authority prescribed by the State Government in this behalf. Improvement of sanitation 18- For the improvement of sanitation, a [Gram Panchayat] 3 may, by notice, direct the owner or occupier of any land or building, taking into consideration his financial position and giving him reasonable time for compliance thereof- -- 1. Ins. by Schedule VIII (II) of U. P. Act no. 33 of 1961. 2. Subs. by section 3 of U. P. Act No. 10 of 1965. 3. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 29 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 19] (a) or close, remove, alter, repair, cleanse disinfect or put in geed order any latrine, urinal, water-closet, drains, cesspool or other receptacle for filth, sullage water, rubbish or refuse pertaining to such land or building or to remove or alter any door or trap or construct any drain for any such latrine, urinal or water-closet which opens on to a street or drain, or to shut off such latrine, urinal or water closet by a sufficient roof and wall or fence from the view of persons passing by or dwelling in the neighborhood ; 103 (b) to cleanse, repair, cover, fill up, drain off, deepen or to remove water from a private well, tank, reservoir, pool, pit, depression at excavation therein which may appear to the [Gram Panchayat] 3 to be injurious to health or offensive to the neighbourhood ; (c) to clear off any vegetation, undergrowth, prickly pear or shrub- jungle ; (d) to remove any dirt, dung, night soil, manure or any noxious or offensive matter therefrom and to cleanse the land or building : Provided that a person on whom a notice under clause (b) is served may, within 30 days of the receipt of the notice appeal to the District Medical Officer of Health against the said notice who may vary, set aside or confirm it. Maintenance and improve- ment of schools and hospitals 19- (1) A [Gram Panchayat] 3 - (a) shall subject to such rules as may be prescribed regarding the curriculum, employment and qualification of teachers and supervision of a school, maintain any existing primary school including the buildings and furniture thereof and be responsible for its proper working and may similarly establish and maintain a new school or improve any existing school; (b) shall subject to such rules as may be prescribed regarding the establishment, maintenance and supervision, maintain any existing Ayurvedic, [Homoeopathic] 1 or Unani hospital or dis­dispensary including the building and equipments thereof and may similarly establish and maintain a new hospital or dispensary for one or more of the systems of medicine mentioned above. (2) The district board and the State Government shall make such grants for such school, hospital or dispensary, as may be prescribed. [ X X X] 2 1. Added by section 19 of U. P. Act No. 2 of 1955. 2. Ommitted by section 15 of U.P. Act No. 37 of 1978. 3. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 20-24] [Establishment of primary school, hospi- tal, dispensary, road or bridge for a group of [Gram Sabha] 8 20- Where a group of neighboring [Gram Panchayats] 8 has no primary school or Ayurvedic Homoeopathic or Unani hospital or dispensary, or it needs a road or bridge for its common benefit, the [Gram Panchayats] 6 thereof shall, if so directed by the prescribed authority, combine to, establish and maintain such a school such hospital or dispensary, or to construct and maintain, a road or bridge and it shall be managed and financed in the manner prescribed. The State Government and the Zila Parishad, shall make such grants for such school, hospital, dispensary, road or bridge as may be prescribed.] 7 104 Assistance to Government servants 21- A [Gram Panchayat] 5 shall make; if so prescribed by the State Government servant in the performance of his duties with in its area. Representa- tions and recomenda- tions by [Gram Panchayats] 8 22- A [Gram Panchayat] 5 may make to the proper authority ----- (a) any representation concerning the welfare of the persons residing within its jurisdiction, and (b) any recommendations as to the appointment, transfer or dismissal of a patrol of the Irrigation Department, patwari [or lekhpal, village chaukidar] 1 or mukhia serving in any area within the jurisdiction of such [Gram Panchayat.] 8 Power to enquire and report about the misconduct of certain officials 23- On receiving a complaint from any person residing within the jurisdiction of a [Gram Panchayat] 5 about any misconduct in the discharge of [his] 2 official duties by any am in, process-server, vaccinator, constable, [village chaukidar] 3 patwari [patrol and tube-well operator of the Irrigation Department, forest guard, forest chaukidar, teacher of a primary school, pound-keeper, village stockman] 4 or peon of any Government, such Panchayat may, if there be prima facie evidence, forward the complaint to the proper authority with its own report. The authority shall, after such further enquiry as may be required take suitable action and inform the [Gram panchayat] 5 of the result. Power to contract for collection of taxes and other dues for proprietors 24- A [Gram Panchayat] 6 may, as prescribed and in respect of any area within its jurisdiction enter into a contract-- [(a) with the State Government or any local authority for carrying out any work on such terms as State or to such local authority upon payment of such collection charges as may be prescribed ; or] 5 [(b) with the State Government or any local authority for carrying out any work on such terms as may be agreed upon.] 6 1. Added by section 20 of U. P. Act no, II of 1955. 2. Subs. by section 21 (1) ibid. 3. Added by section 21 (2) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 21 (3) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 22 (1) ibid. 6. Subs. by section 22 (2) ibid. 7. Subs. by Schedule VIII (II) of U. P. Act no. 33 of 1961. 8. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 25] [Staff 25- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provisions of this Act any Uttar Pradesh Act, rules, regulations or bye-laws or in any judgment, decree or order of any court: -- (a) the State Government may, by general or special order, transfer any employee or class of employees serving in connection with the affairs of the State to serve under Gram Panchayats with such designation as may be specified in the order and thereupon posting of such employee or employees in Gram Panchayats of a district shall be made by such authority in such manner as may be notified by the State Government; 105 (b) employee or employees on being so transferred and posted in a Gram Panchayat, shall serve under the supervision and control of the Gram Panchayat on the same terms and conditions and with the same rights and privileges as to retirement benefits and other matters including promotion as would have been applicable to him immediately before such transfer and shall perform such duties as may be specified from time to time by the State Government. (2) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1), a Gram Panchayats may, after prior approval of the prescribed authority, appoint from time to time such employee as may be considered necessary for efficient discharge of its functions under this Act in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed: Provided that the Gram Panchayat shall not create any post except with the previous approval of he prescribed authority. (3) The Gram Panchayat shall have power to impose punishment of any description upon the employees appointed under sub-section (2) subject to such conditions and restrictions and in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed. (4) The Gram Panchayat may delegate to the Pradhan or to any of its Committes, subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed, the power to impose any minor punishment upon the employees appointed under sub- section (2). (5) An appeal from an order imposing any punishment on an employee under sub-section (3) shall lie to such officer or commit as may be specified by the Statte Government by notification. (6) The prescribed authority may, subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, transfer any employee referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) from one Gram Panchayat to any other Gram Panchayat within the same district and the State Government or such other officer as may be empowered in this behalf by the State Government may similarly transfer any such employee from one district to another. (7) A Nyay Panchayat may, with the previous approval of the prescribed authority, appoint any person so appointed shall be under the administrative control of the prescribed authority that shall have power to transfer, punish, suspend, discharge or dismiss him. (8) Appeal shall lie from an order of the prescribed authority punishing, suspending, discharging or dismissing a person under sub-section (7) to an authority appointed in this behalf by the State Government. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 25A-28] Secretary 25-A The State Government, or such officer or authority as may be empowered by it in this behalf shall appoint a Secretary from amongst the employees referred in clause (b) of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 25, who shall act as Secretary of such Gram Panchayat or Gram Panchayats, within whose territorial limits such Gram Panchayats are situated and perform such other duties as may be specified by the State Government or such officer or authority as may be empowered in this behalf by the State Government.] 5 Right of individual members 26- A member of a [Gram Panchayat] 2 may, at any meeting move any resolution and put question to the Pradhan or Up-Pradhan on matters connected with the administration of the [Gram Panchayat] 2 in the manner prescribed. 106 Surcharge 27- (1) Every Pradhan or Up-Pradhan of a [Gram Panchayat] 3 , every member of a [Gram Panchayat] 2 or of a Joint Committee or any other committee constituted under this Act and every Sarpanch, Sahayak Sarpanchor Panch of a Nyaya Panchayat shall be liable to surcharge for the loss, waste or misapplication of money or property [belonging to the Gram Panchayat or Nyaya Panchayat] 4 as the case may be, if such loss, waste or misapplication is direct consequence of his neglect of misconduct while he was such Pradhan, Up-Pradhan, Member, Sarpanch, Sahayak Sarpanch or Panch: Provided that such liability shall cease to exist after the expiration often years from the occurrence of such loss, waste or misapplication, or five years from the date on which the person liable ceases to hold this office, whichever is later. (2) The prescribed authority shall fix the amount of the surcharge according to the procedure that may be prescribed and shall certify the amount to the collector who shall, on being satisfied that the amount is due, realize it as if it were an arrear of land revenue: (3) A person aggrieved by the order of the prescribed authority fixing the amount, of surcharge may, within thirty days of such order, appeal against the order to the State Government or such other or appellate, authority as may be prescribed. (4) Where no proceeding for fixation and realization of surcharge as specified in sub-section (2) is taken the State Government may institute a suit for compensation for such loss, waste or misapplication, against the person liable for the same.] 1 Member and servants to be public servants 28- Every member or servant of a Nyaya Panchayat, a [Gram Panchayat] 2 , a joint committee or any other committee constituted under this Act shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning pf section 21 of the Indian Penal Code. 1 Subs. by section 17 of U.P. Act No. 37 of 1978. 2 Substituted by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 3 Subs. by section 33 (a) of ibid. 4 Added by section 33 (b) of ibid. 5 Substituted by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 27 of 1999. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 28A-28B] Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti 28-A (1) The [Gram Panchayat] 3 [***] 4 shall also be the Bhumi Prabandhak Sarnit.i and as such discharge the duties of up-keep, protection and supervision of all property belonging to or vested in or held [by the Gram Panchayat] 5 under section 117 of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950, or under any other provision of that Act. (2) The Pradhan and Up-Pradhan shall respectively be the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman of the Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti, and the Lekhpal of the area comprised in the jurisdiction of the [Gram Panchayat] 6 shall be its Secretary.] 1 [Function of the Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti 28-B (1) The Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti shall for and on behalf of the [Gram Panchayat] 7 be charged with the general management, preservation and control of all property referred to in section 28-A including- 107 U.P. Act no. 1 1951 (a) the settling and management of land but not including the transfer of any property for the time being vested in the [Gram Panchayat] 7 under section 117 of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 or under any other provision of that Act, (b) the preservation, maintenance and development of forests and trees; (c) the maintenance and development of abadi sites and village communications; (d) the management of hats, bazare and melas; (e) the maintenance and development of fisheries and tanks; (f) the rendering of assistance in the consolidation of holdings ; (g) the conduct and prosecution of suits and proceedings by or against the [Gram Panchayat] 3 relating to or arising out of the functions of Samiti ; (h) the performance of functions specifically assigned to the Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti under the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 or any other enactment ; and (i) any other matter relating to such management, preservation and control as may be prescribed ; and may exercise all powers of the [Gram Panchayat]3 necessary for or incidental to the discharge of such duties.] 2 (2) The Bhumi Prsbandhak samiti shall function subject to the provisions of U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950. 1. Substituted by section 7 of U. P. Act no. 3 of 1973. 2. Substituted by section 8 of U. P. Act No 37 of l978. 3. Substituted by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 4. Omitted by section 34 (a) (i) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 34 (a) (ii) of ibid. 6. Subs. by section 34 (b) of ibid. 7. Subs. by section 35 of ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 28C-29] Members and Officers not acquire interest in contracts, etc. with Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti [28- C (1) No member or office bearer of a [Gram Panchayat] 2 or, Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti shall, otherwise than with the permission in writing of the Collector etc. knowingly acquire or attempt to acquire or stipulate for or agree to receive or continue to have himself or through a partner or otherwise any share or interest in any licence, lease, sale, exchange, contract or employment with, by or on behalf of the Samiti concerned : Provided that a person shall not be deemed to acquire or attempt to acquire or continue to have or stipulate for or agree to receive any share or interest in any contract or employment by reason only of his- (a) having acquired any interest before he became a member or office-bearer ; 108 (b) he holds a part in the joint stock company that has contracted. (c) having a share or interest in the occasional sale through the Samiti concerned of an article in which he regularly trades up to a value not exceeding Rs.50 in anyone year. (2) No Court or other authority shall enforce at the instance of any person a claim based upon a transaction in contravention of the provisions of sub-section (1).] 1 Committees 29- [(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any other provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder, every Gram Panchayat shall constitute such committee or committees as may be notified by the State Government from time to time, to assist the Gram Panchayat in the performance of all or any of its functions and may delegate to such committee or committees such of its powers of functions as it may deem fit. (2) Every committee constituted under sub-section (1) shall consist of a Chairman and six other members, who shall be elected by the members of the Gram Panchayat from amongst themselves in the prescribed manner : Provided that in each such committee there shall be atleast one woman member, one members belonging to the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and one member belonging to Backward Classes :] 3 Provided further that the State Government may designate any Government servant as Co-Secretary to a committee related to any particular subject.”] 4 [(3) The State Government may, if and when so required, Constitute a Sub-committee for a particular subject to assist the main Committee by notification.”] 5 1. Added by Schedule VIII (II) of U. P. Act No. 33 of 1961. 2. Substituted by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 3. Chapter 2 of Substituted by section 3 of U. P. Act No. 33 of 1999. 4. Subs. and ins. by section 2 (i) of Uttarakhand Act No. 28 of 2003. 5. Added by section 2 (2) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 30-32] Joint Committee 30- (1) Subject to such rules as may be prescribed, two or more [Gram Panchayats] 4 may combine by means of a written instrument to appoint a joint committee consisting of their representatives, for the purpose of transacting any business in which they are jointly interested and may- (a) delegate to such committee power, with such conditions as they may think proper to impose, to frame any scheme binding on each such [Gram Panchayat] 4 as to the construction and maintenance of any joint work and as to the power which may be exercised by any such [Gram Panchayat] 4 in relation to such scheme; and (b) Frame or modify rules regarding the continuation of such committee and the term of office, members thereof and the method of 109 conducting proceedings and correspondence. (2) If any difference of opinion arises, between the [Gram Panchayats] 4 acting under this section, it shall be referred to the prescribed authority whose decision thereon shall be final. [(3) Where the prescribed authority so directs, two or more [Gram Panchayats] 4 shall appoint a Joint Committee under this section for the joint discharge of any of the functions specified in sections 15 and 16.] 2 31- [***] 5 CHAPTER V ACQUISITION OF LAND, GAON FUND AND PROPERTY Gaon Fund [32- (1) There shall be a [Gaon Fund for each Gram Panchayat] 6 and the same shall subject to the provisions of the annual estimate of income and expenditure passed under section 41, be utilized for carrying out the duties or obligations imposed upon the [Gram Sabha] 3 or [Gram Panchayat] 3 or any committee thereof by this or any other enactment :] 1 [Provided that such amount up to the total of all sums credited to the Gaon Fund under the Uttar Pradesh Zamidari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950, minus the amount credited to the Consolidated Gaon Fund under section 125-A of that, Act as may be required by the Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti being utilized in carrying out its duties or obligations shall be made available out of the Gaon Fund to the Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti every year : 1. Substituted by section 26 of U. P. Act II of 1955. 2. Ins. by section 9 of U.P. Act No. 3 of 1973. 3. Substituted by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 4. Substituted by section 37 ibid. 5. Omitted by section 38 ibid. 6. Substituted by section 39 (a) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 32-A] Provided further that in the event of any difference between the Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti on the one hand and the [Gram Panchayat] 3 or [Gram Sabha] 3 on the other about the requirements of funds by the Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti the matter shall be referred by the Pradhan to the prescribed authority whose decision shall be binding.] 1 (2) The following shall be credited to the Gaon Fund : -- (a) The proceeds of any tax imposed under this Act; (b) All sums handed over by the State Government to the [Gram Panchayat;] 3 110 (c) The balance, if any, standing to the credit of the Villaage pancahayat previously in existence under the “Village Panchayat Act”. (d) All sums ordered by a court [or required under any law] 1 to be placed to the credit of the Gaon Fund. (e) All sums received under section 104; (f) The sale-proceeds of all dust, dirt, dung or refuse ineluding the dead bodies of animals, collected by the servants of the [Gram Panchayat] 3 ; (g) Such portion of the rent or other proceeds of nazul property as the State Government may direct to be placed to the credit of the Gaon Fund. (h) Sums contributed to the Gaon Fund by any [Zila Parishad] 2 or other local authority; (i) All sums received by way of loan or gift; (j) Such other sums as may be assigned to the Gaon Fund by any special or general order of the State Government ; (k) All sums received by the [Gram Panchayat] 3 from any individual or corporation or the State Government under section 24 or any other law; [(l) All sums received by way of grants-in-aid from the Consolidated Fund of the State.] 5 (3) Nothing in this section shall affect any obligation of a [Gram Panchayat] 6 arising from a trust legally imposed upon or accepted by it. [(4) All withdrawal of moneys from the Gaon Fund and disbursement therof shall be made jointly by the Pradhan and the Secretary of the Gram Panchayat.] 7 1. Added by Schedule VIII (In U. P. Act no. 33 of 1961. 2. For the term district board wherever it occurs in the Act, subs. by the term 'Zila Parishad by Schedule VIII (II) of U. P. Act. no. 33 of 1961. 3. Substituted by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 4. Substituted by section 39 (a) ibid. 5. Substituted by section 39 (b) ibid. 6. Substituted by section 10 of U.P. Act No.21,1995 7. Chapter-II added by section 4 of U.P. Act No. 33 of 1999. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 32-A] [Finance commission 32-A (1) The Governor shall, as soon as may be within one year from the commencement of the Constitute (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992 and thereafter at the expiration of every fifth year, constitute a Finance Commission ot review the financial position of the Gram Panchayat, Kshettra Panchayat and Zila Panchayat and to make recommendations to the Governor as to – (a) the principles which should govern— (i) the distribution between the State and the Gram Panchayats, Kshettra Panchayats and Zila Panchayats of the net proceeds of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees leviable by the State, which may be divided between them and the allocation between the Gram Panchayats, Kshettra Panchayats and Zila Panchayatss of their 111 respective shares of such proceeds ; (ii) the determination of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees which may be assigned to, or appropriated by the Gram Panchayats, Kshettra Panchayats and Zila Panchayats; (iii) the grants in-aid to the Gram Panchayats, Kshettra Panchayats and Zila Panchayats; (b) the measures needed to improve the financial position of the Gram Panchayats, Kshettra Panchayats and Zila Panchayats; (c) any other matter referred to the Finance Commission by the Governor in the interest of sound finance of the Gram Panchayats, Kshettra Panchayats and Zila Panchayats. (2) The Finance Commission shall consist of a Chairman and two other members who shall possess such qualifications and shall be selected in such manner as may be prescribed. (3) The Finance Commission shall determine their procedure. (4) The Chairman or a member of the Finance Commission may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor but shall continue in his office till the resignation is accepted. (5) A casual vacancy in the office of the Chairman or a member of the Finance Commission may be filled for the remainder of the period of his predecessor. (6) The Finance Commission shall have the following powers for ther performance of its functions; namely – (a) call for any record from any officer or authority; (b) summon any person to give evidence or produce a record; and (c) such other powers as may be prescribed. (7) The Governor shall cause every recommendation made by the Finance Commission under this section together with an explanatory memorandum as to the action taken thereon to be laid before both the Houses of the State Legislature.] 1 1. Added by section 40 of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1994. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 33-37] Power to acquire land 33- Where a [Gram Panchayat] 5 or a number of a [Gram Panchayats] 2 which have combined under the provisions of section 20 or 30 require any land to carry out any purpose of this Act, it or they shall first try to have the land by private negotiation and if the parties concerned fail to arrive at an agreement, such [Gram Panchayat] 5 or [Gram Panchayats] 5 may make an application in the prescribed form to the Collector to acquire the land and the Collector may acquire such land for such [Gram Panchayat] 5 or [Gram Panchayats] 5 . Explanation-- In this chapter the expression "land" includes benefits to arise out of land, and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth. Property 34- (1) Subject to any special reservation made by the State Government, all 112 vested in the Gram Sabha public property situated within the jurisdiction of a [Gram Panchayat] 6 shall vest in and belong to the [Gram Panchayat] 6 and shall, with all other property which may become vested in the [Gram Panchayat] 6 , be under its direction, management and control. (2) All markets and fairs or such portion thereof as are held upon public land shall be managed and regulated by the [Gram Panchayat] 6 and the [Gram Panchayat] 6 shall receive to the credit of the Gaon Fund all dues levied or imposed in respect thereof. Disposal claims 35- Where any dispute arises as regards the ownership of any property mentioned in section 34 between a [Gram Panchayat] 6 and any person, the [Gram Panchayat] 6 shall give such persons a reasonable opportunity of being heard and then decide whether to treat the said property as the property of the [Gram Panchayat.] 6 [36- A [Gram Panchayat] 6 may borrow money from the State Government or with the prior sanction of the prescribed authority and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed from any financial corporation established by law or any scheduled bank or the Uttar Pradesh Co-operative Bank or a District Co-operative Bank [or from any other Goan Shabha] 2 to carry out any of the purpose of this Act.] 1 [37- (1) A [Gram Panchayat] 8 shall levy the taxes described in clauses (a) and (b), and may levy all or any of the taxes, fees and rates described in clauses (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j) and (k), hereinafter appearing, namely -] 3 [(a) in areas where the right, title and interest of intermediaries have been acquired under the Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act 1950 the Jaunsar Bawar Zamindari Abolition and Land Refonds Act: 1956 or the Kumaun and Uttara khand Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1960, a tax on land [not less than twenty-five paise but not exceeding fifty paise] 4 in a rupee on the amount of land revenue payable or deemed to be payable therefor : 1. Subs. by section 10 of U. P. Act no. 3 of 1973. 2. Ins. by section 18 of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 3. Subs. section 19 (a) ibid 4. Subs. section 19 (b) ibid 5. .Subs. by section 41 of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 6. Subs. by section 42 and 43(a) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 37] Provided that where the land is in the actual cultivation of a person other than the person by whom the land revenue therefor is payable or deemed to be payable, the tax shall be payable by the person in actual cultivation; (b) in areas other than those referred to in clause (a), a tax on land revenue [not less than twenty five paise but not exceeding fifty paise] 5 in a rupee on the amount of land revenue payable by a tenant, by whatever name called, under the law in force relating to land tenures: Provided that where the land is in the actual cultivation of the person other than the person liable to pay land revenue therefor, the tax shall be 113 payable by the person in actual cultivation of such land;] 4 [(c) a tax on theatre, cinema or similar entertainment temporarily stationed in the area of the [Gram Panchayat] 7 not exceeding five rupees per diem;] 3 (d) a tax payable by the owner thereof on animals and vehicles other than mechanically propelled vehicles kept within the area of the [Gram Panchayat] 7 and plied for hire, at the rate – (i) in the case of animals, not exceeding three rupes per animal per annum ; (ii) in the case of vehicles, not exceeding six rupees per vehicle per annum ; (e) [a tax] 1 on persons, not being persons assessed to [tax] 1 under clause (c), exposing, goods for sale in markets, hats or melas belonging to or under the control of the [Gram Panchayat] 7 concerned ; (f) fees on the registration of animals sold in any market or place belonging to or under the control of the [Gram Panchayat] 7 ; (g) fees for the use of salughter houses and encamping grounds; [(h) a water rate where water for domestic consumptions is supplied by the [Gram Panchayat] 7 ;] 2 (i) a tax for cleaning private latrines and drains payable by the owners or occupiers of the houses to which the private latrine or drain is attached, where such cleaning is done through the agency of the [Gram Panchayat] 7 ; and [(j) a tax for cleaning and lighting of streets and sanitation;] 6 1. Subs. by section 4 (2) of U. P. Act no. 19 of 1957. 2. Subs. by section 4 (a) of U. P. Act no. 10 of 1965. 3. Added by schedule VIII (II) U.P Act no. 33 of 1961. 4. Subs. by section 11 (2) of U. P. Act no. 3 of 1973. 5. Subs. by section 19 (c) of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 6. Subs. by section 19 (d) ibid. 7. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 37A-37C] [(k) an irrigation rate where water for irrigation purposes is supplied by the [Gram Panchayat] 2 from any small irrigation project constructed or maintained by it;] 1 [(l) any other tax which the State Legislature has the power under the Constitution, including Article 277 thereof, to impose in the State and of which imposition by the Gram Panchayat has been authorized by the State Government.]3 (2) The taxes, rates and fees under sub-section (I) shall be imposed, assessed and realized in such manner and at such times as may be prescribed. 114 37-A (1) An appeal against the levy of a tax, rate or fees by the [Gram Panchayat] 4 shall lie to the prescribed authority. (2) Where it is brought to the notice of the prescribed authority that a tax, rate or fee has not been imposed on any person on whom it should have been imposed it may direct the [Gram Panchayat] 4 to impose it on that person or persons and the [Gram Panchayat] 4 shall thereupon act accordingly. Taxes and dues recover- able as arrear of land revenue 37-B All dues on account of the taxes imposed and other sums payable to a [Gram Panchayat] 4 under this Act shall be recovered as arrears of land revenue if the [Gram Panchayat] 4 concerned passes a resolution to that effect Within three months from the date of assessment : Provided that where a [Gram Panchayat] 4 fails to pass such a resolution Within the said period of three months the prescribed authority shall authorize the recovery of the arrears of taxes as arrears of land revenue. Remission of tax, rate or fee. 37-C (1) The State Government may remit the whole or part of any tax, rate or fee levied by a [Gram Panchayat] 4 in respect of a period whether before or after the commencement of the U. P. Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Act, 1954. (2) The power exercisable by the State Government under sub­section (1) shall also be exercisable either generally or in any specified area by the prescribed authority under such circumstances as the State Government may prescribe. (3) A [Gram Panchayat] 4 also may by resolution and under such circumstances as may be prescribed remit the whole or part of any such tax, rate or fee imposed or levied by it : Provided that no such resolution shall take effect unless it is approved by the prescribed authority. 1. Added by section 4 (b) of U. P. Act no. 10 of 1965. 2. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 43 (b) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 44 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 38-42] (4) Where any tax, rate or fee has been remitted under sub­sections (1) to (3), any sum realized from the assessee on account of the tax, rate or fee so remitted shall be refunded to him by the [Gram Panchayat] 5 .] l Realization of dues, custody of funds and accounts 38- The Gaon Panchayat shall, as prescribed, arrange for the realization of panchayat taxes and dues, custody of its funds and maintenance of accounts. Expenses of Nyaya pancha- yat to be charge on Gaon Fund 39- [(1) The expenses of Nyaya Panchayat shall be charged to the Gaon Fund or Gaon Funds of the [Gram Panchayats] 5 comprised in the circle in such proportion as may be determined by the prescribed authority. (2) All sums realized by way of court fees or fines in a case tribal under this 115 Audit Act shall be credited to the State Government, but the State Government, shall out of the sums so realized by way of grant such portion not exceeding fifty per centum as it may fix to the [Gram Panchayat] 5 concerned for defraying the expenses of the Nyaya Panchayat.] 2 Audit [40- The accounts of every [Gram Panchayat] 5 and Nyaya Panchayat shall be audited [every year] 6 and in such manner [and on payment of such fee] 4 as may be prescribed.] 3 Budget of Gram Panchayat [41- Every Gram Panchayat shall, within such period and in such manner as may be prescribed, prepare a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Gram Panchayat for the financial year commencing on the first day of April next following which shall be passed by the Gram Panchayat by a simple majority of the members present and voting at a meeting of the Gram Panchayat and the quorum for such a meeting shall be more than half of the total number of the members of the Gram Panchayat.] 7 CHAPTER VI The Nyaya Panchayat Establishment of Naya panchayat 42- (1) The State Government or the prescribed authority shall divide a district into circles, each circle comprising as many areas subject to the jurisdiction of the Gram Panchayat] 8 as may be expedient, and establish a Nyaya Panchayat for each such circle: Provided that the areas of Gram Panchayats] 8 within each circle shall, as far as possible, be contiguous. 1. Added by section 29 of U. P. Act II of 1955. 2. Added by section 30 ibid. 3. Added by section 31 ibid. 4. Ins. by section 20 of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 5. Subs. by section 45 of U. P. Act no. 9 of 1994. 6. Subs. by section 46 ibid. 7. Subs. by section 47 ibid. 8. Subs. by section 48 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 43-47] (2) Subject to a minimum often and a maximum of twenty-five, every Nyaya Panchayat shall have such number of members, as may be prescribed, but it shall be lawful for a Nyaya Panchayat to function notwithstanding any vacancy therein : Provided the number of Panches therein is not less than two thirds of the prescribed strength. Appointment of Panches and their term 43- (1) There shall be appointed by the prescribed authority out of the. members of a [Gram Panchayat] 7 such number of persons, as may be prescribed, to be Panches of the Nyaya Panchayat and thereupon the persons so appointed shall cease to be members of the [Gram Panchayat] 7 and their seats in the [Gram Panchayat] 7 shall be filled, as far as may be, in the manner provided in section 12: [Provided that if the requisite number of members of a [Gram Panchayat] 7 116 are not available for being Panches of the Nyaya Panchayat it shall be lawful for the prescribed authority to fill in any seat so remaining vacant by nomination from amongst other members of the [Gram Panchayat] 7 .] 6 (2) No person may be appointed as a Panch of the Nyaya Panchayat unless he has the qualifications that may be prescribed: [Provided that where suitable persons having the prescribed qualifications are not available for such appointment any or all of such qualifications may, by an order in writing, be relaxed by the prescribed authority.] 4 Election of sarpanch and Sahayak Sarpanch 44- [The panches appointed under section 43 shall, in the manner and within the period to be prescribed, elect from amongst them two persons who are able to record proceedings, one as the Sarpanch and the other as the Sarpanch : Provided that if the panches fail to elect the Sarpanch or the Sahayak Sarpanch as aforesaid the prescribed authority may appoint the Sarpanch or the Sahayak Sarpanch.] 1 Term of a Panch 45- [The term of every Panch of a Nyaya Panchayat shall commence on the date of his appointment as such and, unless otherwise determined under the provisions of this Act, shall expire with the term of the [Gram Panchayat] 6 , from which he was appointed: Provided that the Sarpanch and the Sahayak Sarpanch shall continue in office until their respective successors are elected or appointed.] 5 46- [ *** ] 2 Resignation of Panches 47- [A Panch, a Sarpanch or Sahayak Sarpanch may resign his office as such by writing under his hand addressed to such authority as may be prescribed and his office shall thereupon become vacant.] 3 1. Substituted by section 34 of U. P. Act II of 1955. 2. Sub.by section 36 ibid. 3. Del. by section 37 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 13 of U.P. Act No. 15 of 1960. 5. Subs. by section 14 ibid. 6. Subs. by section 12 of U.P. Act No. 3 of 1973. 7. Sub. by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1994. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 48-51] 48- [ *** ] 1 Bench of Nyaya Panchayat 49- [(1) The Sarpanch shall form Benches consisting of five Panches each for the disposal of cases and inquiries coming up before the Nyaya Panchayat. (2) The formation of Benches, the period for which they will work including the hearing of part heard cases, the method of distribution transfer or re-transfer of work among the Benches and procedure generally to be followed by them in cases and enquiries shall be governed by rules. (3) No Panch, Sarpanch or Sahayak Sarpanch shall take part in the trial of or inquiry in any case to which, he or any near relation, employer, employee, debtor, creditor or partner of his is a party or in which any of them is personally interested. (4) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, the State Government 117 may prescribe the constitution. of Special Benehes for the trial of any class or classes of cases : Provided that the State Government may at any time order for the re- constitution of such a Special Bench. (5) Any dispute relating to the formation of Benches or method of their working shall be referred to the prescribed authority whose decision shall be final.] 2 Filling of casual vacancies [50- (1) If a vacancy in the office of a Panch arises by reason of his death, removal or resignation it shall, subject to the provisions of section 45, be filled for the unexpired part of his term by the prescribed authority by appointing a person from amongst the member for the time being of the [Gram Panchayat] 6 , and if the Panch vacating the office was also the Sarpanch or Sahayak Sarpanch a new Sarpanch or Sahayak Sarpanch, as the case may be, shall be elected in the manner provided in section 44. (2) Any person appointed as Panch under sub-section (1) shall cease to be a member of the [Gram Panchayat]6 from the date of his appointment and the vacancy so caused in the [Gram Panchayat] 6 shall be deemed to be a casual vacancy for the purpose of section 12-H.] 3 Power of Sahayak Sarpanch [50-A The Sahayak Ssrpsnch shall exercise such powers of the Sarpanch as may be prescribed.] 4 Territorial jurisdiction V of 1898 V of 1908 [51- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the [Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973] 7 every criminal case triable by a Nyaya Panchayat shall be instituted before the Sarpanch of the Nyaya Panchayat of the circle in which the offence is committed.] 5 1 Deleted by section 38 of U. P. Act no. 2, 1955. 2 Sub. by section 39 ibid. 3 Sub. by section 40 ibid. 4 Added by section 41 ibid. 5 Subs. by section 42 (i) ibid. 6 Sub. by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 7 Subs. by section 21 (a) of U.P. Act No. 37 of 1978. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 52-53] Act no.5 of 1908 (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Civil Procedure Code, 1908 every civil case instituted under this Act shall be instituted before the Sarpanch of the Nyaya Panchayat of the circle in which [the defendant or, where there are more than one, all the defendants ordinarily reside or carryon business] 3 at the time of the institution of the civil case irrespective of the place where the cause of action arose. (3) [***] 1 Offences cognizable by Nyaya panchayats [52- (1) The following offences as well as abetments of and attempts to commit such offences, if committed within the jurisdiction of a Nyaya Panchayat, shall be cognizable by such Nyaya Panohayat----- (a) offences under sections 140, 160,172,174,179,269, 277, 283, 285,. 289, 290, 294, 323, 334, 341, 352, 357,358. 374,379,403,411 (where 118 Act XLV of 1860 Act I of 1871 Act I of 1926 Act III of 1867 the value of the stolen or mis-appropriated property in cases under sections 379, 403 and 411 does not exceed fifty rupees), 426, 428, 430 , 431, 447, 448, 504, 506, 509 and 510 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 ; (b) offences under sections 24 and 26 of the Cattle Trespass Act, 1871 ; (c) offences under sub-section (1) of section 10 of the United Provinces District Board Primary Education Act, 1926 ; (d) offences under sections 3,4, 7 and 13 of the Public Gambling Act, 1867 ; (e) any other offence under aforesaid enactments or any other enactment as may, by notification in the official Gazette, be declared by the State Government to be cognizable by a Nyaya Panchayat ; and (f) any offence under this Act or any rule made thereunder ; (1-A) The State Government may by order published in the official Gazette empower any Nyaya Panchayat to take cognizance of offences under sections 279,286, 336 and 356 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 and may like-wise withdraw any offence referred to in clauses (a) to (d) of sub-section (1) from the cognizance of Nyaya Panchayats generally or such Nyaya Panchayats as may be specified.] 2 (2) Any criminal case relating to an offence under sections 143, 145, 151 or 153 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, pending before any court may be transferred for trial to the Nyaya Panchayat if in the opinion of such court the offence is not serious. Security for keeping the peace 53- (1) Whenever the Sarpanch of a Nyaya Panchayat has reason to apprehend that any person is likely to commit a breach of peace or disturb public tranquility he may call upon such person to show cause why he should not execute a bond for an amount not exceeding Rs.100 with or without sureties for keeping the peace for a period not exceeding 15 days. 1. Omitted by section 42 (2) of U. P. Act II of 1955. 2. Substituted by sec. 43 ibid. 3. Subs. by sec. 21 (b) of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 54-55] (2) The Sarpanch, shall after issue of such notice [refer the matter to a Bench] 2 . The Bench may either confirm the order or discharge the notice after hearing such person and such witnesses as he may desire to produce. [(3) If the person required to execute a bond as aforesaid under sub-section (2) fails to do so, he shall be liable to pay a penalty up to five rupees as the Bench may fix for every day the default continues during the period fixed in the order.] 3 Penalties 54- (1) No Nyaya Panchayat shall inflict a substantive sentence of imprisonment. (2) A Nyaya Panchayat may impose a fine not exceeding [two hundred and fifty rupees] 6 hut no imprisonment may be awarded in default of payment : 119 [Provided that no accused shall be tried for more than three offences in the same criminal case and the fine that may be imposed on anyone accused in a criminal case shall not in the aggregate exceed [two hundred and fifty rupees] 6 .] 4 Cognizance of case Act XLV of 1860 [55- (1) After a Nyaya Panchayat has been established for any area, no court except as otherwise provided in this Act shall take recognizance of any case triable by such Nyaya Panchayat. (2) When a Nysya Panchayat is suspended, superseded or dissolved under section 95, or for any other reason ceases to function, all cases pending before it shall stand transferred to the court of competent jurisdiction which shall dispose them of according to law: Provided that the trial of all such cases in court shall commence de novo: Provided further that a Nyaya Panchayat shall not be deemed to cease to function merely for the reason that its Panches have to be re-elected. (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 52 and in sub-section (1) of this section any court may take cognizance of any offence under sections 431 and 447 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, if it is otherwise competent to do so. (4) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 52 and sub-sections (1) to (3) of this sections but subject always to the provision of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898, where any court has taken cognizance of any offence referred to in the said sections and a summons or warrant, as the case may be, has issued for the appearance of the accused in such case,-the offence may be enquired into and tried by such court.] 5 1. Subs. by see 43 of U. P. Act II of 1955. 2. Subs. by sec. 44(1) ibid. 3. Added by sub-section (2) section 44 of ibid. 4. Added by section 45 ibid 5. Subs. by section 46 ibid. 6. Subs. by sec. 22 of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 56-59] Transfer of cases by courts to Nyaya Panchayats [56- A court if it finds that a case is triable by a Nyaya Panchayat shall except as provided in sub-section (4) of section 55 transfer the case to the Nyaya Panchayat of competent jurisdiction, which shall thereafter try the same de novo.]1 57- Nyaya Panchayat may dismiss any complaint if after examining complainant and taking such evidence as he produces it is satisfied that the complaint is frivolous, vexatious or untrue. Transfer of cases by Nyaya Panchayat to [58- If at any time it appears to a Nyaya Panchayat-- (a) that it has no jurisdiction to try any case pending before it, 120 courts (b) that the offence involved is one for which it cannot award adequate punishment, or (c) that the case should otherwise be tried by a court, it shall transfer the same to the court of competent jurisdiction and shall give information of such transfer to the parties concerned.] 2 Certain pers- ons not to be tried by Nyaya Panchayats [59- No Nyaya Panchayat shall take cognizance of any criminal case against a person where such person- ---- (a) has been previously convicted of an offence punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term of three years or more, (b) has been previously fined for theft by any Nyaya Panchayat, (c) has been bound over to be a good behavior under section 109 or 110 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 [or of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.] 4 (d) has been previously convicted under the Public Gambling Act, 1867, or (e) is a public servant.] 3 Compensation to complainants 60- In imposing any fine the Nyaya Panchayat may order any portion or the whole of the fine recovered to be applied- (a) in defraying the expenses properly incurred in the criminal case by the complainant, 1. Substituted by sec, 47 U. P. Act no. II of 1955 2. Subs. by sec. 48 ibid. 3. Substituted by sec. 49 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 23 of U.P. Act No. 37 of 1978. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 60-64] [(b) in the payment of any person of compensation for any material loss or injury caused by the offence, or] 1 [(c) in compensating any bona fide purchaser of stolen property for loss of the same, where property is restored to the possession of the person entitled thereto.] 2 Compensation to the accused U.P. Act VI of 1938 Act V of 1898 [61- (1) If in any Criminal case instituted before a Nyaya Panchayat any person is accused of any offence triable by a Nyaya Panchayat and the Nyaya Panchayat acquits the accused and is of the opinion that the accusation against him was false and either frivolous or vexatious, the Nyaya Panchayat may, call upon the complainant forthwith to show cause why he should not pay compensation to such accused. (2) If after hearing the complainant, the Nyaya Panchayat is satisfied that the accusation was false and either frivolous or Vexatious it may direct, that compensation not exceeding twenty-five rupees be paid by such complainant to the accused.] 3 121 Release of offenders on probation 62- The powers under section 4 of the United Provinces First Offenders Probation Act, 1938, may be exercised by a Nyaya Panchayat. Enquiry in cased for warded by magistrates [63- Notwithstanding anything in the Code of Criminal Procedure, [1973] 5 a Magistrate may direct an enquiry referred to in section 202 of the Code to be made by a Nyaya Panchayat in a criminal case in which the offence was committed within the territorial jurisdiction of such Nyaya Panchayat and the Nyaya Panchayat shall enquire into the case and submit its report to the said Magistrate. On the receipt of the directions the Sarpanch or Sahayak Sarpanch and in their absence the Panch mentioned in section 75, shall entrust it to a Bench formed under section 49.] 4 Extent of jurisdiction in civil cases [64- (1) Subject to the provisions of section 66 a Nyaya Panchayat may take cognizance of any civil case of the following description of its value does not exceed one hundred rupees-- (a) a civil case for money due on contract, other than a contract in respect of immovable property; (b) a civil case for the recovery of movable property or for the value thereof; (c) a civil case for compensation for wrongfully taking or injury a movable property; and (d) a civil case for damages caused by cattle trespass. 1. Substituted by section of section 50 (2) U. P. Act No. II of 1955 2. Added by section 50 (3), ibid. 3. Subs by section 51 ibid 4. Subs by section 52 ibid 5. Subs by section 24 of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 65-68] (2) The State Government, may by notification in the official Gazette, direct that the jurisdiction of any Nyaya Panchayat shall extend to all such civil cases of the value not exceeding five hundred rupees.] 1 65- [* * * ] 2 Exclusion of Nyaya Panchayat’s jurisdiction [66- Subject to the provisions of section 64, a Nyaya Panchayat shall have no jurisdiction to take cognizance of the following civil cases-- (1) a civil case for a balance due on partnership account, except where the balance has been struck by the parties or their agents; (2) a civil case for a share or part of a share under an intestacy or for a legacy or part of a legacy under a will ; (3) a civil case by or against the State Government or the Central Government or a public servant for acts done in his official capacity; (4) a civil case by or against a minor or a person of unsound mind; 122 and (5) a civil case the cognizance of which by a Panchayat established under the U. P. Village Panchayat Act, 1920, is barred by section 25 of the United Provinces Debt Redemption Act, 1940.] 3 Civil cases to include the whole claim 67- (1) Every civil case instituted before a Nyaya Panchayat shall include the whole of the claim which the plaintiff is entitled to make in respect of the matter in dispute, but he may relinquish any portion of his claim in order to bring the civil case within the jurisdiction of the Nyaya Panchayat. (2) If a plaintiff omits to sue in respect of or relinquishes any [portion of his claim] 4 he shall not afterwards sue in respect of the [portion] 4 so omitted or relinquished. Limitations 68- Every civil case instituted before a Nyaya Panchayat after the period of limitation prescribed therefor in the schedule shall be dismissed, even though limitation has not been set up as a defence : [Provided that in computing the period of limitation prescribed for any civil case the time during which the plaintiff has been prosecuting with due diligence another civil case against the defendant in any court, shall be excluded where the other case is founded upon the same. cause of action and is prosecuted in good faith in a court which .from defect of jurisdiction or other cause of a like nature is unable to entertain it.] 5 1. Subs. by sec. 53 of U. P. Act, II of 1955. 2. Deleted by section 54 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 55 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 56 ibid. 5. Added by section 57 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 69-74 A] Effect of the decision by Nayaya panchayat 69- [(1)] 3 The decision of a Nyaya Panchayat on the question of title, legal character, contract or obligation shall not bind the parties except in respect of the civil case in which such matter is decided. [(2) No conviction ordered by a Nyaya Panchayat shall by itself operate as, or be the basis of, any disqualification or penalty under any law for the time being in force.] 3 70- [***] 2 71- [***] 2 72- [***] 2 Rejudicata and pending suits 73- (1) No Nyaya Panchayat shall try civil case, revenue case or issue in respect of any matter which is pending for decision in, or has been heard or 123 decided by a court of competent jurisdiction, in a former civil case between the same parties or between the parties under whom they or any of them claim. (2) Where a criminal case is instituted in respect of any offence or where an accused person has been tried for any offence, Nyaya Panchayat shall take cognizane of any such offence or on the same facts, of any other offence of which the accused might have been charged or convicted. Concurrent jurisdiction 74- Where a [criminal or civil case] 4 is maintainable in more than one Nyaya Panchayat, the [complainant or the plaintiff] 5 as the case may be, may bring the compliment or the plaintiff in any one of such Nyaya Panchayat. Any dispute regarding jurisdiction shall be decided by the [Judicial Magistrate or the Munsif] 6 having jurisdiction, as the case may be. Trial when cause of action in a civil case [***] 7 case arises in circle, more than one U.P. Act V of 1908 [74- A Section 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 shall apply to trial of civil cases [***] 8 pending before two or more Nyaya Panchayats having jurisdiction. 1. Added by section 57 of U. P. Act no. II of 1955. 2. Deleted by section 58 ibid. 3. Renumbered by section 25 of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 4. Subs. by section 26 (a) ibid. 5. Subs by section 26 (b) ibid. 6. Subs. by section 26(c) ibid. 7. Omitted by section 27 (a) ibid. 8. Omitted by section 27 (b) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 74B-77 A] Trial where scene of offence is uncertain or not in one circle only or where offence is a continuing one or consists of several acts 74-B Where it is uncertain ill which of several circles an offence was committed partly in one circle and partly in another or where an offence is a continuing one and continues to be committed in more circles than one or where it consists of several acts done in different circles, it may be enquired into by a Nyaya Panchayat having jurisdiction in any such circles.] 1 Institution of suits and cases U. P. Act VII of 1870 75- (1) Any person who wishes to institute [a civil case or a criminal case] 8 under this Act before a Nyaya Panchayat may make an application orally or in writing to the Sarpanch [and in his absence to the Sahayak Sarpanch]2 in case of [their] 3 absence from the circle to such other Panch as [may have been appointed by the Sarpanch] 4 in this behalf and shall at the same time pay the prescribed fee. The Court Fees Act, 1870, shall not apply to Nyaya Panchayats except as may be prescribed. In every civil case the plaintiff shall state its value. 124 [(2) Wheere a [* * *] 9 case is instituted orally, the Sarpanch, Sahayak Sarpanch or Panch receiving the application shall record without delay the prescribed particulars and the signature or thumb impression of the applicant shall be taken thereon.] 5 [Application to be laid before the Bench 76- The Sarpanch, Sahayak Sarpanch or in their absence the Panch mentioned in section 75, shall thereupon lay the application before a Bench of the Nyaya Panchayat, formed under secti6n 49 for disposal and shall also fix a date for the first hearing of the application before the said Bench and give notice of the date to the applicant, complainant, or plaintiff as the case may be and to the members of the Bench.] 6 [Chairman of a Bench 77- The Bench shall choose one of the members to be the Chairman of that Bench who shall conduct the proceedings. Provided that where the Sarpanch or the Sahayak Sarpanch is a member of the Bench he, and where both of them are members of the same Bench the Sarpanch shall be the Chairman.] 7 [Absence of a Panch from the Bench 77-A (1) If any Panch appointed to a Bench constituted under section 49 is absent at any hearing, the remaining Panches may notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, try the [criminal case or civil case ] 10 : 1. Added by section 60 of U. P. Act II of 1955. 2. Added by section 61 (1) (a) ibid. 3. Added by sect-ion 61(1) (b) ibid. 4. Subs, by section 61(1) (c) ibid. 5. Added by section 61(2) ibid 6. Subs, by section 62 ibid, 7. Subs. by section 63 ibid. 8. Deleted. by section 28 (a) of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 9. Deleted by section 28 (b) ibid. 10. Added by section 29 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 78-80] Provided, however, that at least three Panches including the Chairman, are present and provided that at least one of the punches present is able to record evidence and proceedings. (2) No trial as aforesaid shall be invalid by reason merely that all the five Panches forming the bench were not present at any hearing or that the same Panches were not present at all the hearings. (3) The provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2) shall mutatis mutandis apply to an inquiry made by a Nyaya Panchayat under section 63.] 1 Dismissal of suits and cases in the absence of the party concerned 78- [(1) If the plaintiff or the complainant, as the case may he, fails to appear after having been informed of the time and place fixed for hearing, the Nyaya Panchayat may dismiss the case or pass such other order as it may deem fit.] 3 (2) The Nyaya Panchayat may hear and decide [a civil or criminal case, in the absence of the defendant or the accused as the case may be] 4 if the summons have been served upon him or if he has been informed of the time and place fixed 125 for hearing. Nyaya Panchayat not to revise or alter its decision 79- (1) Except as provided in sub-section (2), or to correct a clerical error, a Nyaya Panchayat shall have no power to cancel revise or alter any decree or order passed by it. (2) A Nyaya Panchayat may for sufficient reasons to be recorded, on application made within one month of the date of the decree or order or knowledge thereof in case personal service of summons has not been affected restore any [civil or criminal case] 5 which has been dismissed in default or in which a decree or order has been passed ex parte. Legal practitioner not to appear before Nyaya Panchayat 80- No legal practitioner shall appear, plead or act on behalf of any party before a Nyaya Panchayat : Provided that a person who is arrested and is detainad in custody shall have the right to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice.] 2 1. Added by section 3 of U. P. Act XXIII of 1952. 2. Added by section 65 of U. P. Act no. 2, 1955. 3. Added by section 30 (a) of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 4. Subs. by section 30 (b) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 31 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 81-84] Appearance in person or by representative 81 - Subject to the provisions of section 80 any party to a [Civil case or criminal case] 6 may appear before a Nyaya Panchayt either in person or by such servant (not being a tout), partner, relation or friend [duly authorised in writing] 1 by him as the Nyaya Panchayat may admit as a fit person to represent him : [Provided that no stamp duty shall be required to be paid for any power of attorney filed under this section.] 2 [Special jurisdiction in certain matter 82 - Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act of in any other law for the time being in force, it shall be lawful for a Nyay Panchayat to decide any dispute arising in its local area and not pending in any court in accordance with any settlement, compromise or oath agreed upon in writing by the parties.] 3 Procedure and power to ascertain truth V of 1908 83 - [(1)] 4 Nyaya Panchayat shall receive such evidence in a [civil case or criminal case] 6 as the parties may adduce and may call for such further evidence as, in their opinion, may be necessary for the determination of the points in issue. It shall be the duty of the Nyaya Panchayat to ascertain the facts of every [civil case or criminal case] 6 before it by every lawful means in its power and thereafter to make such decree or order, with or without costs, as to it may seem just and legal. It may make local investigation in the [locality] 7 to, which the dispute relates. It shall follow the procedure prescribed by or under this Act. The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, [the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973] 8 the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 and the [Limitation Act, 1963] 9 shall not apply to any [civil case or criminal case] 6 in a 126 Nyaya Panchayat except as provided in this Act or as may be prescribed. [(2) Nothing in this sub-section shall entitle any party to com­ pound any offence which is not compoundable under the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, [1973] 10 or to compound an offence without the permission of the Bench concerned, if it is compoundable with permission under the provisions of the said Code.] 5 [(3) Where in the opinion of the Nyaya Panchayat, any party deliberately delays the disposal of a case, it may impose on such party costs not exceeding five rupees, payable to the other party.] 11 Majority to prevail 84 - In the event of any disagreement between the Panches the opinion of the majority shall prevail. 1. Added by section 66 (1) of U. P. Act No. 2 of 1955. 2. Added by section 66 (2) ibid. 3. Added by section 67 ibid. 4. Renumbered by section 68 (1) ibid 5. Added by section 68 (2) ibid. 6. Subs. by section 32 and 33 (a) of U.P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 7. Sub. by section 33(a) (ii) ibid. 8. Sub. by section 33(a) (iii) ibid. 9. Sub. by section 33(a) (iv) ibid. 10. Sub. by section 33(b) ibid 11. Sub. by section 33(c) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 85-87] Power of superior courts to transfer cases from Nyaya Panchayats [8 5- (1) On the application of any of the parties and after notice to the parties and after hearing such of them as desire to be heard or on his motion without such notice [the Judicial Magistrate or the Munsif] 2 according as the case pending before a Nyaya Panehayat is a [criminal or civil case] 3 may at any stage, withdraw the same and- (i) try to dispose of the same, or (ii) transfer it to another Bench of the Nyaya Panehayat, (iii) transfer the same for trial or disposal to any other [Magistrate or Munsif] 4 competent to try or dispose of the case. [(2) Where any criminal or civil case has been withdrawn under sub-section (1), the court which thereafter tries it may either retry it or proceed from the stage at which it was withdrawn.] 5 (3) If any application under sub-section (1) is either frivolous or vexatious the applicant may be fined up to fifty rupees by [the Judicial Magistrate or Munsif] 6 as the case may be.] 1 Issue of summons to witnesses 86 - A Nyaya Panchayat may, if it considers the evidence of, or the production of a document by, any person necessary in a [civil or criminal case] 7 issue and cause to be served in the prescribed manner, so summons on such person to compel his 127 attendance, or to produce or cause the production of such document, and such person shall be bound to comply with the direction contained in the summons. . Penalties for failing to appear before a Nyaya panchayat 87 - If any person who is summoned by a Nyaya Panohayat by a written order to appear to give evidence or to produce any document before it, willfully disobeys such summons or notice or order, the Nyaya Panchayat may make a complaint to the Magistrate having jurisdiction and the said person shall be punishable with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees : Provided that no woman shall be compelled to appear in person before the Nyaya Panchayat She may be examined on commission in the manner proscribed : Provided also that it a document is produced in obedience to a summons issued under this section, the Nyaya Panchayat shall cause the document to be copied, mark the copy, after comparing with the original to be true copy and return the original document to the person producing the same: 1. Sub. by Sec. 69 of U. P. Act, no II, 1955. 2. Sub. by Sec. 34(a)(i) of U. P. Act. No. 37, 1978. 3. Sub, by Sec. 34(a)(ii) ibid. 4. Sub. by Sec. 34(a)(iii) ibid. 5. Sub. by Sec. 34(b) ibid. 6. Sub. by Sec. 34(c) ibid. 7. Substituted by section 35 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 88-89] [Provided further that where it appears to the Nyaya Panchayat that a witness is unable to appear before it by reason of illness, or physical infirmity or that his presence cannot be procured without unreasonable delay, expense or inconvenience, it may, subject to such restrictions as may be prescribed, issue a commission in the manner prescribed to take the evidence of such witness. The evidence so taken shall form part of the record of the case.] 1 Dismissal of civil cases etc. 88 - A Nyaya Panchayat may dismiss any civil [* * *] 3 case if after examining the plaintiff or the applicant it is satisfied that the civil [* * *] 3 case is frivolous, vexatious or untrue. Revision 89 - (1) [A Judicial Magistrate or Munsif] 4 according as it is a [criminal or civil case] 5 may either on his own, motiou or on the application of any party made within 60 days from the date of the order complained of or where personal, service of summons had not been effected on the applicant from the date of the knowledge of the order call for the record of any case which has been decided by a Nyaya Panchayat and if it appears to him that in justice or material irregularity has occurred, he may make such order in the case as he thinks fit. Explanation----Failure to exercise a jurisdiction vested by law or exercise of jurisdiction in excess of that vested by law shall for purposes of this section be 128 deemed to be a material irregularity. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provisions, the [Judicial Magistrate or Munsif] 4 as the case may be, may- (a) quash the decree or order passed by the Nyaya Panchayat, (b) modify the order, (c) remand the case to the Nyaya Panchayat for retrial with such direction as he may deem fit, or (d) try the case himself or transfer it to another court or officer competent to try the same. (3) If any application under sub-section (1) is found by the [Judicial Magistrate or Munsif] 4 as the case may be, to be frivolous or vexatious, he may, for reasons to be recorded, make an order for the payment to the opposite party by the applicant of special costs not exceeding fifty rupees by way of compensation. [(4) Except as aforesaid, a decree or order passed by a Nyaya Panchayat in any [civil or criminal case] 6 shall not be open to appeal or revision in any court.] 2 1. Added by section 70 of U. P. Act II of 1955. 2. Substituted by section 71 ibid. 3. Deleted by section 36 of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 4. Substituted by section 37(a) ibid. 5. Subsisted by section 37(b) ibid. 6. Substituted by section 37(c) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 90-94] [(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 95, where any Judicial Magistrate or Munsif records a finding in an order passed under this section that any Panch or Panches (including any Sarpanch) of a Nyaya Panchayat has or have in relation to the case which gave rise to the revision, behaved in a manner unbecoming of his or their office, the prescribed authority may remove such Panch or Panches on the basis of such finding, and it shall not be necessary to give him or them any opportunity to show cause against the action proposed.] 5 Summons to defendant or accused persons 90 - A Nyaya Panchayat after an application is made under section 75, shall, unless it has been dismissed or otherwise disposed of under the provisions of this Act, cause summons in the prescribed form to be served in the proscribed manner on the defendant or the accused person [***] 6 requiring him to attend and produce his evidence at such time and place as may be stated in the summons and shall at the t same time direct the plaintiff or complainant [***] 6 to attend and produce his evidence at such time and place. 91 - [* **] 1 Payment of adjustment of decree to be recorded 92 - If on the application of the decree-holder or the judgment debtor, the Nyaya Panchayat which passed the decree finds after enquiry that the decree has been satisfied wholly or in the Nyaya Panchayat shall record the fact in the prescribed register. 129 Execution of decrees [9 3- (1) A decree or order passed by a Nyaya Panchayat shall be executed by it in such manner as may be prescribed. If the property of the defendant [***] 7 is situated outside the jurisdiction of the Nyaya Panchayat passing the decree or order, it may in the manner prescribed transfer the decree or order for execution to the Nyaya Panchayat, within whose jurisdiction the property may be situated, and if there be no Nyaya Panchayat then to the court to the [Munsif] 8 as the case may be, within whose jurisdiction it may be situated. (2) If a Nyaya Panchayat finds any difficulty in executing a decree or order, it may forward the same to the [Munsif] 9 as the case may be, who shall then execute the same as if it were a decree or order passed by him.] 2 Recovery of fines 94 - [Any fine imposed, or compensation ordered to be paid in section 61] 3 by a Nyaya Panchayat shall be recoverable in the manner [prescribed] 4 . But if the Nyaya Panchayat finds any difficulty in its recovery, it may request the [Judicial Magistrate] 10 within whose jurisdiction the Nyaya Panchayat lies to recover it and he shall recover it as if the sentence of fine had been Passed by him. 1. Deleted by section 72 of U. P. Act no. 2 of 1955. 2. Substituted by section 73 ibid. 3. Substituted by section 74 (1) ibid. 4. Substituted by section 74(2) ibid. 5. Substituted by section 37 (d) of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 6. Deleted by section 38 ibid. 7. Deleted by section 39 (a) (i) ibid. 8. Substituted by section 39 (a) (ii) ibid. 9. Substituted by section 39 (b) ibid. 10. Substituted by section 40 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 94A-95] Contempt of Nyaya Panchayat [94-A (1) If any person intentionally offers any insult to a Nyaya Panchayat or any member thereof, while it is sitting in any stage of judicial proceedings in its or his view or presence or refuses to take oath duly administered or sign a statement made by the said person when legally required to do so, the Nyaya Pancbayat may at any time before rising on the same day take cognizance of the offence and sentence the offender to a fine not exceeding [tan rupees.] 5 (2) The fine imposed under sub-section (1) shall, for the purpose of section 94, be deemed to be a fine imposed in a criminal case.] 1 CHAPTER VII EXTERNAL CONTROL Inspection 95 - [(1)] 2 The Provincial Government may- (a) cause to be inspected any immovable property owned [***] 7 , used or occupied by a [Gram Panchayat] 6 or a joint or a [Nyaya Panchayat] 3 or any work in progress under the direction of such [Gram Panchayat] 6 or joint or a Nyaya Panchayat ; (b) by an order in writing call for and inspect a book or document in the possession or under the control of a [Gram Panchayat] 6 or a joint or a [Naya Panchayat] 3 . (c) by an order in writing require a [Gram Panchayat] 6 or a joint or a [Nyaya Panchayat] 3 to furnish such statements, reports or copies Of 130 documents, relating to the proceedings or duties of the [Gram Panchayat] 6 or such or a [Nyaya Panchayat] 3 as it thinks fit ; (d) record in writing for the consideration of a [Gram Panchayat] 6 or joint committee any observation which it thinks proper in, regard to the proceedings or duties of such [Gram Panchayat] 6 or joint committee; (e) institute any enquiry in respect of any matter relating to a Gram Sabha , [Gram Panchayat] 6 or Nyaya Panchayat; and [(f) [***] 8 dissolve any [***] 9 [Gram Panchayat] 6 , Joint Committee, [Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti] 3 or Nyaya Panchayat if in the opinion of the State Government such [***] 9 [Gram Panchayat] 6 , Joint Committee [Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti] 3 or Nyaya Panchayat has abused its position or has continuously failed to perform the duties imposed upon it by or under this Act or if its continuance is not considered desirable in public interest ;] 4 1. Added by section 75 of U. P. Act no, II of 1955. 2. Substituted by sub-section (1) of section 76 ibid. 3. Substituted by section 76(2) ibid. 4. Substituted by section 76(3) ibid. 5. Substituted by section 41 of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 6. Substituted by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 7. Deleted by section 49 (a) (i) ibid. 8. Deleted by section 49 (a) (ii) (a) ibid. 9. Deleted by section 49 (a) (ii) (b) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 95] Explanation- [***] 6 [(g) [remove a Pradhan, Up-Pradhan or member of a Gram Panchayat] 7 or a Joint Committee or Bhumi Prabandhak samiti, [***] 8 or a Panch, Sahayak Sarpanch or Sarpanch of a Nyaya Panchayat if he-] 5 (i) absents himself without Sufficient cause from more than three consecutive meetings or sittings. (ii) refuses to act or becomes incapable of acting for any reason whatsoever or if he is accused of or charged for an offence involving moral turpitude, (iii) has abused his position as such or has persistently failed to perform the duties imposed by this Act or rules made thereunder or his continuance as such is not desirable in public interest, [***] 2 [(iii-a) has taken the benefit of reservation under sub-section (2) of section 11-A or sub-section (5) of section 12, as the case may be, on the basis of a false declaration subscribed by him stating that he is a member of the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes or the Backward Classes, as the case may be;] 11 (iv) being a Sahaya Sarpanch or a sarpanch of the Nyaya Panchayat takes active part in politics.] 1 [or] 3 [(v) suffers from any of the disqualifications mentioned in clauses (a) to (m) of section 5-A :] 4 131 [Provided that where, in an enquiry held by such person and in such manner as may be prescribed, a Pradhan or Up-Pradhan is prima facie found to have committed financial and other irregularities such Pradhan or Up-Pradhan shall cease to exercise and perform the financial and administrative powers and functions, which shall, until he is exonerated of the charges in the final enquiry, be exercised and performed by a Committee consisting of thre members of Gram Panchayat appointed by the State Government. ] 9 (gg) [***] 10 [Provided that- ---- 1. Added by sub-section (4) of section 76 of U. P. Act No. II of 1955. 2. Del. by section 5(1) of U. P. Act No. 19 of 1957. 3. Add. by section 5 (1) (ii) ibid. 4. Add. by section 5 (1) (iii) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 13 (1) of U. P. Act No. 3 of 1973. 6. Subs. by section 49 (a) (ii) of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 7. Subs. by Section 49 (a) (iii) (a) ibid. 8. Deleted by Section 49 (a) (iii) (a) ibid. 9. Subs. by Section 49 (a) (iii) (c) ibid. 10. Del. by Section 49 (a) (iv) ibid. 11. Added by section 3 of U. P. Act No. 21 of 1998. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 95A-96] (i) no action shall be taken under clause (f), clause (g) [***] 7 except after giving to the body or person concerned a reason­ able opportunity of showing cause against the action proposed ; (ii) [***] 8 ] 4 (h) [***] 6 [(2) A person removed under sub-clauses (iii) and (iv) of clause (g) of sub- section (i) of this section shall not be entitled to be re-elected or re-appointed to any office under this Act for a period of five years or such lesser period as the State Government may order in any case. (3) No order made by the State Government under this section shall be called in question in any court. (4) Where any [***] 9 [[Gram Panchayat] 5 , Joint Committee or Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti] 3 is [dissolved] 10 the State Government may appoint such person or persons to exercise and perform the powers and duties thereof as it may deem fit.] 2 [95-A (1) If at any time it appears to the State Government that a [Gram Sabha] 5 or a [Gram Panchayat] 5 has made default in performing a duty imposed on it by or under this or any other enactment, the State Government may by order in writing fix a period for the performance of that duty. (2) If the duty is not performed within the period so fixed, the State Government may direct such authority as may be specified to perform it and may further direct that the expenses, if any, of performing the duty shall be paid from the [Gram Sabha] 5 Fund and thereupon the person having the custody of the fund 132 shall pay the amount from such fund.] 1 Prohibition of certain proceedings 96 - (1) The prescribed authority or any other officer specially empowered in this behalf by the State Government on information received or on his own initiative, may by order in writing prohibit the execution or further execution of a resolution or order passed or made under this or any other enactment by a [Gram Sabha] 5 , [Gram Panchayat] 5 or a joint committee, or any officer or servant thereof if in his opinion such resolution or order is of a nature as to cause or likely to cause obstruction, annoyance or injury to the public or to any class or body of persons lawfully employed, or danger to human life, health or safety, or riot or affray. It may prohibit the doing or continuance by any person of any act in pursuance of or under cover of such resolution or order. 1. Added by section 7 of U. P. Act 6 of 1952. 2. Added by sub-section (5) of section 76 of U. P. Act No. II of 1955. 3. Subs. by Schedule VIII (ii) of U. P. Act No. 33 of 1961. 4. Subs. by Section 13 (3) of U. P. Act No. 3 of 1973. 5. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 6. Deleted by Section 49 (a) (iv) (a) ibid. 7. Subs. by Section 49 (a) (vi) ibid. 8. Subs. by Section 49 (a)(vii) ibid. 9. Del. by Section 49 (b) (i) ibid. 10. Subs. by Section 49 (b) (ii) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 96A-98] (2) Where an order is made under sub-section (1) a copy thereof, with a statement of the reasons for making it. shall forthwith be forwarded by the prescribed authority or the aforesaid officer to the State Government which may after calling for an explanation from the [Gram Sabha] 3 , [Gram Panchayat] 3 , joint committee or the officer or servant thereof and considering the explanation, if any made by it, rescind, modify or confirm the orders. (3) Where the execution or further execution of a resolution or order is prohibited by an order made under sub-section (1) and continuing in force, it shall be the duty of the [Gram Sabha] 3 , [Gram Panchayat] 3 or the joint. committee or any officer or servant thereof, if so required by the authority making such order to take any action which it would have been entitled to take, if the resolution or order had never been made or passed and which is necessary for preventing any person from doing or continuing to do anything under cover of the resolution or order, of which the further execution is prohibited. [Delegation of powers by State Government 96-A The State Government may delegate all or any of its powers under this Act to any officer or authority subordinate to it subject to such conditions and restrictions as it may deem fit to impose.] 1 CHAPTER VIII PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE Penalty for infringement of the provi- sions of the Act 97 - Whoever contravenes any provision of this Act [except the provisions of section 12-BCA or section 12-BCC] 6 shall be punishable, unless otherwise prescribed, with fine, which may extend to [five hundred rupees] 4 , and when the breach is a continuing one with a further fine which may extend to [fifth rupees] 4 for every day after the first conviction during which an offender is proved to have persisted in the offence. 133 Penalty for contravention of any order regarding requisition 97-A Whoever contravenes any order made under section 12-BCA or section 12- BCC, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine or with both.] 7 Infringement of rules and by-laws 98 - In making a rule the State Government, and in making a by-law the [Gram Panchayat] 3 [with the sanction of the prescribed authority, may] 2 direct, that a breach of it shall be punishable with fine which may extend to [five hundred rupees] 5 , and when the breach is a continuing one with a further fine which may extend to [fifth rupees] 5 for every day after the date of the first conviction during which the offender is proved to have persisted in the offence. 1. Added by section 7 of U. P. Act X of 1950· 2. Substituted by section 77 of U. P. Act no. II of 1955. 3. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 50 ibid. 5. Subs. by section 51 ibid. 6. Subs. by section 6 of U. P. Act No. 29 of 1995. 7. Add. by section 7 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 99-102] Penalty for tampering with the [Gram Panchayat] 6 ’s property 99 - (1) Whoever removes, displaces or makes an alteration in or otherwise interference With any pavement, gutter or other material of a public street, or any fence, Wall or post thereof, or a lamp post or bracket, direction post, stand post, hydrant, or other such [property of the Gram Panchayat without is written sanction] 4 or other lawful authority shall be punishable With fine which may extend to [one thousand rupees.] 5 (2) If through any act, neglect, or default on his part, a person has incurred a penalty imposed by sub-section (1) and has caused any damage to the property of a [Gram Panchayat] 6 , the person-incurring such penalty shall be liable to make good such damages as well as to pay Such penalty, and the damages may be recovered from the offender in the prescribed manner. Disobedience to notice issued 100- If a notice has been given to a person under the provisions of this Act or of any rule or by-law made thereunder to a person requiring him to execute a work in respect of any property, movable or immovable, public or private, or to provide or do or refrain from doing anything within a time specified in the notice, and such person fails to comply with the notice, then- (a) the [Gram Panchayat] 3 may cause such work to be executed or such thing to be provided or done, and may recover all expenses incurred by it on such account from the said person in the prescribed manner [as arrears of land revenue] 1 : (b) such person shall also be liable on conviction before the [Nyaya Panchayat]2 to a fine which may extend to [five hundred rupees]7 and in case of continuing breach, of a further fine which may extend to [fifty rupees] 7 or each day after the date of the first conviction during which the offender is proved to have persisted in the offence. 134 Notice not to be invalid 101- No notice shall be invalid on account of any defect or omission in its form. Appeals 102- (1) Any person aggrieved by an order or direction made by a [Gram Panchayat] 3 under the Act or under any rule or by-law may, unless otherwise prescribed, within 30 days from the date of such direction or order, exclusive of the time requisite for obtaining a copy thereof appeal to the prescribed authority which may vary, set aside or confirm the said order or direction and may also award costs to or against the person filing the appeal. (2) The prescribed authority may, if it thinks fit, extend the period allowed by sub-section (1) for appeal, (3) The decision of the prescribed authority under sub-section (1) shall be final and shall not be questioned in any Court of law. 1. Substituted by section 78 (1) of U. P. Act no. II of 1955. 2. Substituted by section 78 (2) ibid. 3. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 52 (a) (i) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 52 (b) (ii) ibid. 6. Subs. by section 52(b) ibid. 7. Subs. by section 53 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 103-105] Suspension of prosecution in certain cases 103- When an appeal has been filed against an order or direction in section 102 any proceeding to enforce such order or direction and any prosecution for the breach thereof may, by order of the prescribed authority, be suspended pending the decision of the appeal, and if such order or direction is set aside on appeal, disobedience thereof shall not be deemed to be an offence. Power to compound offences 104- (1) Subject to any rule made in this behalf a [Gram Panchayat] 3 may, either before or after the institution of any criminal case, compound an offence against this Act or any rule or by-law made thereunder on payment of such sum in cash to the [Gram Panchayat]3 as may be prescribed. (2) When an offence has been compounded the offender, if in custody, shall be discharged and no further proceedings shall be taken against him in respect of the offence so compounded. All sums paid by way of composition under this section shall be credited to the [Gaon Fund.] 1 Entry and inspection 105- The [Pradhan] 2 of the [Gram Panchayat] 3 and, if authorized in this behalf by the [Gram Panchayat] 3 , any other member, officer or servant of the [Gram Panchayat] 3 may enter into or upon any building or land, with or without assistants or workmen, in order to make an inspection or surveyor to execute a work which a [Gram Panchayat] 3 is authorized by this Act or by rules or by-laws made thereunder, to make or execute, or which it is necessary for a [Gram Panchayat]3 for any of the purposes or in pursuance of any of the provisions of this Act or of rules or by-laws, to make or execute : Provided that- 135 (a) except when it is in this Act or rules or by-laws otherwise expressly provided, no such entry shall be made between sunset and sunrise, and (b) except when it is in this Act or in rules or by-laws other­ wise expressly provided, no building which is used as a human dwelling shall be so entered except with the consent of the occupier thereof and without giving the said occupier not less than four hours' previous written notice of the intention to make such entry, and (c) sufficient notice shall in every instance be given even when any premises can otherwise be entered without notice to enable the inmates of an apartment appropriated for females to remove to some part of the premises where their privacy shall not be disturbed, and (d) due regard shall always be had to the social and religious usages of the occupants of the premises entered. 1. Substituted by section 79 of U. P. Act No. II of 1955. 2. Substituted by section 82 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 106-108] Suits against [Gram Sabha] 4 has, Gaon Panchyats, the officers, or the officers and servants of Nyaya panchayats 106 - [(1) No suit or other legal proceeding shall be instituted against a [Gram Sabha] 4 or [Gram Panchayat] 4 [or Bhumi Prabandhak Samiti or against member or officer or servant thereof or of Nyaya Panchayat] 3 or against any person acting under the direction of any of these bodies or persons for any thing done or purporting to have been done in official capacity under this Act, Until the expiration of two months next after notice in writing has been, in the case of a [Gram Sabha] 4 or [Gram Panchayat] 4 delivered in or left at the office of the [Gram Panchayat] 4 concerned and in the case of a member, officer or servant or any person acting under his direction or the direction of the [Gram Sabha] 4 , [Gram Panchayat] 4 or Nyaya Panchayat delivered to him or left at his office or place of abode, explicitly stating the cause of action, the nature of the relief sought, the amount of compensation, if any claimed and the name and place of abode of the intending plaintiff and the plaint shall contain a statement that such notice has been so delivered or left.] 1 (2) No action such as is described in sub-section (1) shall be commenced otherwise than within six months next after the accrual of the cause of action. Protection to [Gram Panchayat] 4 and Nyay Adalat 18 of 1950 107- (1) The provisions of the Judicial Officer's Protection Act, 1850, shall apply to the members of Nyaya Panchayat. (2) No civil case or prosecution shall be entertained in any court against a [Gram Panchayat]4 or any member or officer thereof or any person acting under its or his direction in respect of anything in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act or any rule or by-laws made thereunder. Validity of proceedings [107-A Except as otherwise provided under this Act, a [Gram Sabha] 4 , [Gram Panchayat] 4 or any committee thereof, shall have power to act, notwithstanding any vacancy in the membership or defect or irregularity in the enrolment of a 136 member thereof, and any proceedings in any [Gram Sabha] 4 , [Gram Panchayat] 5 or committee shall be valid notwithstanding that there was any defect or irregularity in the enrolment of any member or that some person, who was not entitled so to do, sat or voted or otherwise took part in the proceedings, provided, however, that at least two-thirds of the persons present at the time of the act being done were not disqualified to be members.] 2 Powers and duties of police in respect of offences and assistance to Panchayats 108- Every police officer shall give immediate information to [Gram Panchayat] 4 of an offence coming to his knowledge which has been committed against this Act or any rule or by-law made there under and shall assist all members and servants of the [Gram Panchayat] 4 and Nyaya Panchayat in the exercise of their lawful authority. 1. Substituted by section 81 of U.P. Act no II of 1955. 2. Added by sect. 82 ibid. 3. Subs. by Schedule VIII (II) of U. P. Act No. 33 of 1961. 4. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 5. Subs. by section 54 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 109-110] 109- If any dispute arises [as to the jurisdiction of a Nyaya Panchayat or] 1 between two or more [Gram Panchayats] 6 or between a [Gram Panchayat] 6 and the town area or a municipal board or a Zila Parishad, it shall be referred to the prescribed authority whose decision shall be final and shall not be questioned in any court of law. Custody and mode of proof of record [ 109-A (1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any other provisions of this Act— (a) all records of a Gram Panchayat shall be in the sucsody of its [Pradhan] 8 ; (b) the [Pradhan/] 9 shall give to a person, on an application and on payment of such fee as may be prescribed, a copy of any such records and certify it as a true copy under his signature and seal of the Gram Panchayat. [(c) Secretary of the Gram Panchayat Shall be responsible for proper maintenance and making entries in the records”] 10 (2) A duly certified copy of any record of a Gram Panchayat shall be received as prima facie evidence of the matters therein recorded in every case, where and to the same extent as the original record would, if produced, have been admissible to prove such matters.] 7 CHAPTER IX RULES, BY-LAWS AND REPEALS Power of State Government to make rules 110- [(1) The State Government may by notification in the Gazette make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.] 4 (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power such rules may provide for-- (i) any matter for which power to make provision is conferred expressly 137 or by implication on the State Government by this Act, [(ii) the establishment of [Gram Sabha] 6 or Nyaya Panchyat or the constitution of [Gram Panchayat] 6 ; ] 3 2 [(ii-a) qualifications for the Up-Pradhan ; 2 [(ii-b) distribution of assets and liabilities of [Gram Panchayats] 6 and Nyaya Panchayats consequent upon a change in their circles; [(ii-c) presentation and disposal of election petitions and applications for revision under section 12-C;] 5 1. Added by section 83 of U. P. Act II of 1955. 2. Subs. by section 85 (1) (a) ibid 3. Subs. by section 15 (a) of U. P. Act no. 15 of 1960. 4. Sub. by section 14 (i) of U. P. Act no. 3, 1973. 5. Subs. by section 43 (a) of U. P. Act No. 37 of 1978. 6. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 7. Chapter-II of substituted by section 5 of U.P. Act No. 33 of 1999. 8. Subs. by section 2 (1) of Uttarakhand Act No. 26 of 2003. 9. Ins. by section 2 (2) ibid. 10. Added by section 2 (3) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 110] 2 [(ii-d) taking of oath by Pradhan, Up-Pradhan, members of [Gram Panchayats] 5 , Panch, Sahayak Sarpanch and Sarpanch ; 2 [(ii-e) filing of resignation by Pradhan, Up-Pradhan, membelrs of [Gram Panchayats] 5 , Panch, Sahayak Sarpanch and Sarpanch ; 1 [(ii-f) holding of general elections and bye-elections [(ii-g) the appointment of Punches of Nyaya Panchayat ;] 6 1 [(ii-h) grant of leave for absence to office bearers of [Gram Panchayat] 4 and Nyaya Pahchayat; and 1 [(ii-i) the carrying out of duties of the Pradhan and the Up­ Pradhan in their absence for any cause ; (iii) the time and place of the meetings of' [Gaon Sabha] 4 , [Gram Panchayat]4 and Nyaya Panchayats, the manner of convening meetings and giving notice thereof; (iv) the conduct of proceedings including the asking of questions by members at meetings and the adjournment of meetings and also minute books of meetings ; (v) the establishment of committees and the determination of all matters relating to the constitution and procedure of such committees; (vi) the suspension and removal of office-bearers ; (vii) the records and registers that shall be maintained by [Gram Panchayats] 4 and Nyaya Panchayats and the form in which they are to be ; [(vii-a) periodical revision and amendment of [Gram Sabha] 4 and [Gram Panchayat] 4 registers;] 1 (viii) the action to be taken on the occurrence of a vacancy in the 138 executive committee, joint committee, any other committee and Nyaya Panchayats; (ix) the authority by which disputes in relation to appointments to executive committee, joint committee any other committee or Nyaya Panchayat may be decided and the procedure to be followed therein; (x) the amount and nature of security to be furnished by a servant of the [Gram Panchayat] 4 [or Nyaya Panohayat] 2 from whom it is deemed expedient to require security; [(xi) appointment, qualifications, supervisions, dismissale discharge, removal or other punishment and other matters relating to the conditions of service, leave, transfer, pay an privileges of the servants of the [Gram Panchayat] 5 and the Nyaya Panchayat and their rights of appeal ;] 3 1. Added by section 85 (1) (a) and (b) of U. P. Act II of 1955. 2. Add by section 85 (1) (c) ibid. 3. Added by section 85 (1) (d) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 5. Subs. by section 11 of U. P. Act no. 21 of 1995. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 110] 139 (xii) management and regulation of provident fund for the servants of [Gram Panchayats] 7 [and Nyaya Panchayat] 1 if the system of provident fund is adopted by any [Gram Panchayat] 7 ; (xiii) the establishment, maintenance and management of primary schools and the construction and repair of buildings thereof ; (xiv) the establishment, administration and control of libraries, reading rooms, dispensaries entrusted to a joint committee, the construction and repairs of buildings connected therewith and the supply of medicine and medical assistance to the poor inhabitant of the [Panchayat area] 8 ; (xv) the discovery, removal and destruction of water hyacinth, [grass, weed or other wild growth] 2 on any land, premises or water, the construction of fences and barriers for checking its movements and the cost incurred in carrying out such work; (xvi) action in regard to the sanitation, conservancy, drainage, buildings, public streets and water supply and the prohibition of public nuisance ; [(xvi-a) the carrying out of functions and duties of [Gram Panchayat] 7 as mentioned in sections 15, 16 and 17;] 3 (xvii) the framing of annual estimates of income and expenditure and ear- marking [of] 4 fund for specific purposes; (xviii) the returns to be submitted by [Gram Panchayat] 7 and Nyaya Panchayats, the form in which they are to be, the authorities to which and the time when they shall be submitted ; (xix) the levy of taxes and licence fees, the authority, by which and the manner in which the taxes may be assessed and the authority to which an appeal from an assessment order may be made ; [(xix-a) collection of State and other dues by [Gram Panchayats] 7 and remuneration to be paid therefor ;] 5 (xx) the method and time of payment of taxes and other dues, the procedure of recovery and the authority whose assistance may be taken by [Gram Panchayats] 7 in the recovery of taxes and dues ; (xxi) the method of account keeping of [Gram Panchayats] 7 [and Nays Pachayat] 6 ; (xxii) the maintenance of public buildings and nazul land, (xxiii) the formalities to be observed when transferring any property and the manner in which a deed of contract may be executed by a [Gram Panchayat] 7 ; 1. Added by section 85 (1) (e) of U· P. Act II of 1955 2. Added by section 85 (1) (f) ibid. 3. Added by section 85 (1) (g) ibid. 4. Added by section 85 (1) (h) ibid. 5. Added by section 85 (1) (i) ibid 6. Added by section 85 (1) (j) ibid. 7. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 8. Subs. by section 56 (a) (i) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 110] 140 (xxiv) powers of auditors, inspecting and superintending authorities to hold inquiries, summoning and examining witnesses, compelling the production of documents and all other matters connected with audit inspection and superintendence, (xxv) the issue, service or execution of summons, notices and other processes of Nyaya Panchayat and issue and service of notices by [Gram Panchayats] 3 ; [(xxv-a) issue of commissions for examination of witnesses;] 1 [(xxv-b) institution of cases where a Sarpanch refuses to entertain;] 1 (xxvi) the transfer by a Nyaya Panchayat of summons and other processes to another Nyaya Panchayat or any court for service or execution ; (xxvii) the fees to be levied by Nyaya Panchayats for institution of suits and cases for issue of processes, for obtaining copies of documents and other matters; (xxviii) the court-fees and other fees payable where a Nyaya Panchayat, with the consent of parties, entertains a civil case which is otherwise beyond its jurisdiction ; (xxix) the procedure for execution of decrees, orders and sentence passed by Nyaya Panchayats ; (xxx) the allotment by [Gram Panchayats] 3 of funds for the performance by Nyaya Panchayats of their duties under this Act and the extent to which fees paid to Nyaya Panchayats may be appropriated by [Gram Panchayats] 3 ; (xxxi) the powers that may be exercised by Zila Parishad or any prescribed authority or the discharge of their obligations under this Act and the manner in which such powers may be exercised ; (xxxii) the procedure to be observed in the making of by­laws by prescribed authority for [Gram Panchayats] 3 or by [Gram Panchayats] 3 ; [(xxxiii) the prescribing and printing of forms and registers generally relating to any matter under this Act or rules made thereunder; ] 2 (xxxiv) the, submission for approval of plans, designs, specifications and estimates ; (xxxv) the duties, powers and functions of village volunteer force ; 1. Added by section 85 (1) (k) of UP. Act II of 1955. 2. Subs. by section 85 (1) (l) ibid. 3. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 111] (xxxvi) the submission of annual reports by [Gram Panchayats] 4 , [Nyaya 141 Panchayats] 1 and their review ; (xxxvii) persons, other than members of [Gram Panchayats] 4 , who may be present in an advisory capacity in meetings of [Gram Panchayats] 4 ; (xxxviii) channel of correspondence between a [Gram Panchayat] 4 and Nyaya Panchayat and other authorities ; (xxxix) disposal of assets and liabilities of [Gram Sabhas or a Gram Panchayats] 5 or Nyaya Panchayats on its abolition ; (xl) the action to be taken on the inclusion of the whole or part of the loeal area of any [City] 3 municipality, notified area, town area or cantonment, and the manner in which the assets and liabilities of the [Gram Panchayat] 4 may be disposed of in circumstances ; (xli) the conditions subject to which sums due to a [Gram Panchayat] 4 may be written off as irrecoverable, and the conditions subject to which the whole or any part of a fee may be remitted; and generally for the guidance of [Gram Panchayats] 4 , Nyaya Panchayats, joint committees, or the committees, servants of the Crown and other authorities in any matter connected with the carrying out of the provision of this Act; [(xlii) the regulation of the election of the members of the [Gram Panchayat] 4 in order to secure the adequate representation of the Scheduled Castes; 2 (xliii) assistance to be given by the [Gram Panchayat] 4 to Government servants on any matter affecting the general administration ; 2 (xliv) powers and duties of Sahayak Sarpanch and Up­ Pradhan ; 2 (xlv) borrowing and lending of money by [Gram Panchayats] 4 ; 2 (xlvi) the matters which are to be and may be prescribed; and (xlvii) any matter in respect of which power is conferred in section 111 on the prescribed authority to frame a by-law for a [Gram Panchayat] 4 .] 2 (3) [***] 6 Power of Zila Parishads to frame by-laws 111- The prescribed authority may and when required by the State Government, shall make by-laws for a [Gram Panchayat] 4 within its jurisdiction consistent with the Act and the rules made thereunder for the purpose of promoting or maintaining the health, safety and convenience of persons residing within the jurisdiction of [Gram Panchayat] 4 and for furtherance of administration of [Gram Panchayats] 4 under this Act. 1. Added by section 85 (1) (m) of UP. Act II of 1955. 2. Added by section 85 (1) (p) ibid. 3. Ins. by section 73 (b) of U. P. Act no. 37 of 1978. 4. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 5. Subs. by sect. 56 (a) (ii) ibid. 6. Omitted by section 56 (b) ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 112-113] Power of [Gram Pancha- 112- (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder and the by-laws, if any, made by the prescribed authority, a [Gram Panchayat] 3 may 142 yats] 3 to frame by-laws frame by-laws---- (a) to prohibit the removal or use of water for drinking purposes from any source which is likely to cause danger to health and to prohibit the doing of anything likely to contaminate any source of drinking water; (b) to prohibit or regulate the discharge of water from any drain or premises on a public street or into a river, pond, tank, well, or any other place; (c) to prevent damage to public streets and [Gram Panchayat] 3 property; (d) to regulate sanitation conservancy and drainage in the area of [Gaon- Panchayat] 3 ; (e) to prohibit or regulate the use of public streets or other public places by shop-keepers or other individuals or collection to market tolls on public streets; (f) to regulate the manner in which tanks, ponds and cesspools, pasture land, playground, manure pits, land for disposal of dead bodies and bathing places shall be maintained and used; [(g) to regulate any other duties or functions of the [Gram Panchayat] 3 as may be directed by the prescribed authority.] 1 (2) The draft of by-laws framed by [Gram Panchayats] 3 shall be published in the prescribed manner. Any objections received thereto shall be considered at a meeting of the [Gram Panchayat] 3 and the by­laws shall then be submitted together with the objections, if any, received and the decisions taken thereon to the prescried authority. The by-laws as sanctioned by the prescribed authority shall come into force after they have been published in the prescribed manner [:] 2 [Provided that the State Government at any lime rescind or modify any by-laws so approved.] 2 Repeal and transitory provisions 113- (1) [***] 5 [(2) On the from the date of commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Pachayat Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994, any reference to the [“Gram Sabha”] 3 or [“Gram Panchayat”] 3 in any rules, regulations, bye-laws, statutory instruments or any other law for the time being in force or in any document or proceedings shall be construed as a reference to the “Gram Panchayat”.] 4 1. Add by section 86 (1) of U. P. Act No. 2 of 1955. 2. Add. by section 86 (2) ibid. 3. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 4. Added by section 58 ibid. 5. Omitted by section 12 of U.P. Act No. 21, 1995. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 114-117] Casual vacancies to be left unfilled in [114- [(1)] 2 Where a vacancy occurs on any body constituted under this Act by reason of the death resignation, removal or a voidance of the election of a member or other office (bearer and the) term of office of that member or other office bearer 143 certain cases would in the ordinary course of events have determined within six months of the occurrence of the vacancy, the prescribed authority may direct that the vacancy be left unfilled until the next general election under this Act. ] 1 [(2) In the event of vacancies in the offices of both Pradhan and Up-Pradhan remaining unfilled by virtue of direction made under sub-section (1) the prescribed authority may by order, make such arrangements as it thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Pradhan till a Pradhan is elected. ] 2 4 [Succession to property, assets rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases 115- (1) On and from the date of commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994-- (a) all property, interest in property and assets including cash balances, wherever situate, which immediately before such date were vested in the [Gram Sabha] 3 shall vest in and be held by the Gram Panchayat for the purposes of this Act; and (b) all rights, liabilities and obligations of the aforesaid [Gram Sabha] 3 whether arising out of ay contract or otherwise, existing immediately before such date, shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Gram Panchayat. (2) Where any doubt or dispute arises as to whether any property, interest or asset has vested in a Gram Panchayat under sub-section (1), or any right, liability or obligation has become the right, liability or obligation of a Gram Panchayat such doubt or dispute whall be referred in the manner prescribed to the State Government whose decision shall unless superseded by any decision of a court of law, be final. Sums due 116- All sums due to the [Gram Sabha] 3 , whether on account of any tax or any other account, shall be recovery, it shall be competent for the Gram Panchayat to take any measure of institute any proceeding which it would have been open to the [Gram Sabha] 3 to take or institute, if the Uttar Pradesh Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994 had not come into force. Debts, obliga- tions, contracts and pending proceedings 117- (1) All debts and obligation incurred and all contracts made by or on behalf of the [Gram Sabha] 3 before the date referred in sub-section (1) of section 115 and subsisting on the said date shall be Gram Panchayat in exercise of the powers conferred on it by this Act and shall continue in operation accordingly. 1. Add by section 87 of U. P. Act no. 2 of 1955. 2. Renumbered and Ins. by section 9 of U.P. Act No. 6 of 1969. 3. Subs. by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 4. Added by section 59 ibid. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Section 118-119] (2) All proceedings pending before any authority of the said [Gram Sabha] 1 on the said date, which under the provisions of this Act, are required to be instituted before or undertaken by the Gram Panchayat and all other such proceedings shall, 144 so far as may be, be transferred to and continued by such authority before or by whom they have to be instituted or undertaken under the provisions of this Act. (3) All appeals pending before any authority of the said [Gram Sabha] 1 on the said date shall so for as may be practicable be disposed of, as if there was a Gram Panchayat when they were filed. (4) All prosecutions instituted by or on behalf of the said [Gram Sabha] 1 and all suits and other leal prceeding instituted by or against the said [Gram Sabha] 1 or any officer of the said [Gram Sabha] 1 pending on the said date, shall be continued by or against the Gram Panchayat or the officer as the case may be, as if there was a Gram Panchayat constituted when such prosecution, suit or proceeding was instituted. Provision until the constitu- tion of Gram Panchayats 118- Notwithstanding anything in this Act, during the period between the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994 and the constitution of the Gram Panchayat [for the first time under this Act as amended by the Uttar Pradesh Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994] 3 , the Gaon Panchayat and its Pradhan, Up-Pradhan and members shall respectively exercise perform and discharge the powers, functions and duties of the Gram Panchayat and its Pradhan, Up-Pradhan and members and shall be deemed respectively to be the Gram Panchayat and its Prashan, Up-Pradhan and members. Power to remove difficulties 119- (1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act, or by reason of anything contained in this Act to any other enactment for the time being in force, the State Government may, as occasion requires, by notified order direct that this Act, shall have effect subject to such adaptations, whether by way of modifications, addition or omission, as it may deem to be necessary and expedient. (2) No order under sub-section (1) shall be made after the expiration of the period of two years from the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994. (3) The provisions made by any order under sub-section (1) shall have effect as if enacted in this Act and any such order may be made so as to be retrospective to any date not earlier than the date of commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994. (4) Every order made under sub-section (1) shall be laid as soon as may be, before, both the Houses of State Legislature and the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 23-A of the Uttar Pradesh General Clauses Act, 1904 shall apply as they apply in respect of rules made by the State Government under any Uttar Pradesh Act.] 2 1. Substituted by section 2 of U. P. Act No. 9 of 1994. 2. Added by section 59 ibid. 3. Added by section 13 of U. P. Act No. 21 of 1995. [The United Provinces Panchayat Raj Act, 1947] [Schedule] SCHEDULE 145 (See section 68) Description of suits Period of limitation Time from which period begins to run 1. For money due on a contract 3 years When the money became due to the plaintiff. 2. For the recovery of movable property or the value there of. Ditto. When the plaintiff became entitled to the delivery of the movable property. 3. For compensation for wrongfully taking or injuring a movable property. Ditto. When the movable property was wrongfully taken or when injury was done to it. 4. For damages caused by cattle tresspass. 6 months When the damage was caused by the cattle trespass.